1 1 nanometer (nm) = 10 hydrogen atoms side-by-side meaning of “nano”: one billionth (10x-9)...

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www.fakengineer.com1 nanometer (nm) = 10 hydrogen atoms side-by-side

Meaning of “nano”:One billionth (10x-9)

Nanometer (nm) = one billionth of a meter

Scientific Terms:A human hair is 10,000 nm wide

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Definition of Nanotechnology? It’s the design , characterization ,

production & applications of structures , devices & systems by controlling shape & size at nanometer scale

In other words it’s the field of applied Science focused on design, formation, identification & application of material &devices on nanoscale

Ability to control, to see, measure & manipulate- matter on atomic & molecular scale to exploit those properties and functions

Ability to integrate those properties into systems spanning from nano to microscopic scales

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Unique properties of nanoscale particles

Chemical reactivity of nanoscale materials is greatly different from more macroscopic form, e.g., gold

Quantum size effects result in unique

mechanical, electronic, photonic, and magnetic properties of nanoscale materials

New chemical forms of common chemical elements, e.g., fullerenes, nanotubes of carbon, titanium oxide, zinc oxide & other layered compounds

Carbon Nanotubes

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• Nanocrystalline materials• Nanoparticles• Nanocapsules• Nanoporous materials• Nanofibers• Nanowires• Fullerenes

• Nanotubes• Nanosprings• Nanobelts• Dendrimers• Molecular electronics• Quantum dots• NEMS, Nanofluidies

Various Nanomaterials & Nanotechnologies

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Examples of Nanostructures

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Nanoarea Electron Diffraction of Carbon

Nanotube Corral of Fe Atoms

NanowiresNanometer crystal

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Nanoporous materials

Zeolite is an old example which has been around a long time and used by petroleum industry as catalysts

The surface area of a solid increases when it becomes nanoporous; this improves catalyst effects, adsorption properties

‘Adsorption’ is like ‘absorption’ except the absorbed material is held near the surface rather than inside

How to make nanopores? -lithography followed by etching -ion beam etching/milling -

electrochemical techniques

- sol-gel techniques

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Advanced fabrication enabling nanotechnology transistors

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Nanotechnology for clean water

Nanomembrane for water purification, desalination & detoxification

Titanium oxide nanoparticles for the catalytic degradation of water pollutants

Reduced voltage & selectivity reduces cost by up to half

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Nanotechnology in health careNanodevices can make gene

sequencing more efficient

Gene gun uses nanoparticles to deliver genetic material to target cells

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Si

Nanomaterials for treating cancer

Gold nanoshells formed by depositing gold on silica particles

In vitro & mice studies showed promising results

Gold

150 nm

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Agricultural productivity enhancement

Nanoporous zeolites for slow release and efficient dosage of water & fertilizers for plants & drugs for livestock

Nanocapsules for herbicide deliveryNanosensors for the detection of pathogens,

for checking soil quality and for plant growth monitoring

Nanomagnets for removal of soil contaminants and remediation

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Food processing and storage

Nanocomposites for plastic film coatings used in food packaging

Antimicrobial nanoemulsions for applications in decontamination of food equipment, packaging or food

Nanotechnology based antigen detecting biosensors for identification of pathogen contamination

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Impact of nanotechnology

Nanotechnology is expected to have a variety of economic, social, environmental & national security impacts. In 2000,the National Science Foundation began working with the National Nanotechnology Initiative(NNI) to address nanotechnology’s possible impacts & to propose ways of minimizing any undesirable consequences.

Finally, nanotechnology can be expected to be involved in better monitoring of peace & inspection agreements. Efforts to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons or to detect the existence of biological & chemical weapons may can be improved with nanotech devices.

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Thank YouThank YouSubmitted by: Sushil Kumar Das Regd. No:0711016053 Sec: ’A’ Branch: ENTC