www.hornsrev.dk. natural structures vs. engineered structures cave to room tree trunk to column tree...

www.hornsrev.dk

Natural Structures vs. Engineered Structures

cave to room

tree trunk to column

tree branch to beam

spider web to truss

beaver dam to dam

turtle shell to portable home

honeycomb to cubicles

beehive to dome wwwwww.christusrex.orgwww.mwphglnj.org

www.visualparadox.comwww.merkmawas.de

philg@mit.eduningalookayakadventures.com

www.hprcc.unl.edu

www.ontariowildflower.com

Unitedsteelsystems.com

www.alanbauer.com

www.ppdl.purdue.edu www.megasc.com

www.magnetictimes.comwww.woodmagazine.com

www.discoverawatershed.org www.cs.huji.ac.il

P

P

P

ProportionalLimit

stiffness

1

P

ProportionalLimit

stiffness

1

(a) Simple Tension (Side View)

(b) Cross-Grain Tension. (Side View)

(c) Splintering Tension (View of TensionSurface)

(e) Compression. (Side View)

(f) Horizontal Shear. (Side View)

(d) Brash Tension (View of TensionSurface)

(a) Simple Tension (Side View)

(b) Cross-Grain Tension. (Side View)

(c) Splintering Tension (View of TensionSurface)

(e) Compression. (Side View)

(f) Horizontal Shear. (Side View)

(d) Brash Tension (View of TensionSurface)

(a) Simple Tension (Side View)

(b) Cross-Grain Tension. (Side View)

(c) Splintering Tension (View of TensionSurface)

(e) Compression. (Side View)

(f) Horizontal Shear. (Side View)

(d) Brash Tension (View of TensionSurface)

(a) Simple Tension (Side View)

(b) Cross-Grain Tension. (Side View)

(c) Splintering Tension (View of TensionSurface)

(e) Compression. (Side View)

(f) Horizontal Shear. (Side View)

(d) Brash Tension (View of TensionSurface)

Stretching (Tension) - Failure

Squeezing (Compression) - Failure

Applied Loads on Structures

Compression

TensionNeutral Axis

Bridge Failure Due to Wind

Tacoma Narrows Bridge

Ed Elliott The Camera Shop 1007 Pacific Ave.,

Tacoma, Washington 98402

Click the picture to view the film clip.

Types of Wind Turbines

DragSavonius

HorizontalEarly Dutch

VerticalDarrieus

HorizontalModern 2-Blade

HorizontalModern 3-Blade

www.nvweb.de

norfolkskyview.flyer.co.ukcompositesworld.com

www.energoclub.it

koti.mbnet.fii

HorizontalFarm Windmill

www.srph.tamushsc.edu

Turbine Failure

Rotor Damage

Tower Buckling

Bushland, Texas