xs boston 2008 xenloop
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XenLoopA Transparent High Performance
Inter-VM Network Loopback
Jian Wang*, Kwame-Lante Wright+, Kartik Gopalan**Binghamton University (State University of New York)
+The Cooper Union
Talk Outline
MotivationWhat worry about Inter-VM (Virtual Machine) communication?
Xen and Xen networking subsystem background
XenLoop – What does it do?
Why develop XenLoop?
How does it work?
How well does it work?
Summary and future work
Motivation:Why Inter-VM Communication?
Virtualization technology is mainly focused on building the isolation barrier between co-located VMs.
Physical Machine
VirtualMachine
A
VirtualMachine
B
Hypervisor(or Virtual Machine Monitor)
E.g. High performance grid apps, web services, virtual network appliances, transaction processing, graphics rendering.
However, applications often wish to talk across this isolation barrier
Why not just use TCP or UDP?
Transparent to applications BUT
High communication overhead between co-located VMs
710941101Inter-Machine
7072656140Xen Inter-VM
Native Loopback 492846666
UDP Bandwidth
(Mbps)
TCP Bandwidth
(Mbps)
Flood Ping RTT
(Microsecs)
Xen and Xen Networking Subsystem
Communication data path between co-located VMsPacket transmission via page-sharingPacket reception via page-flipping or copying
PKT
Domain 0
XenLoop Overview
Enables direct traffic exchange between co-located VMsVia inter-domain shared memory FIFO channelsNo Dom0 intervention in data path
Transparency for Applications and Libraries No code modifications, recompilation, or re-linking Operates transparently beneath existing socket interfaces and libraries.
Kernel TransparencyNo changes to either the guest OS code or hypervisorSelf-contained kernel module
XenLoop Overview (contd.)
Automatic discovery of co-located VMsNo administrator involvement
On-the-fly setup/teardown XenLoop channelsOnly when traffic is exchanged
Migration transparencyMigrate without disrupting ongoing network communicationsSwitch between the standard network path and the XenLoop channel.
Why Develop XenLoop?
Below IP layer
Below IP layer
User Library + syscalls
Below socket layer
Below socket layer
Location in Software stack
4 copiesat present
2 copies2 copies2 copies2 copiesCopying Overhead
√X√√√Complete memory isolation
√
√
X
√
√
MMNet
Auto VM Discovery & Conn. Setup
Standard protocol support
Transparent VM Migration
Kernel Transparent
User Transparent
√ХХХ
√Only MPI or app protocols
Only TCPХ
√Not fully transparent
XХ
√ХХ√
√Х√Х
XenLoopIVCXWayXenSocket
XenLoop Architecture
Virtual Machine BVirtual Machine A
Applications
Socket Layer
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Netfront
XenLoop Layer
SoftwareBridge
Domain 0
NB
NBSoftware
Bridge
DomainDiscovery
Applications
Socket Layer
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Netfront
XenLoop Layer
SoftwareBridge
FIFO A BFIFO B A
Event Channel
OUTIN
INOUT
Lockless producer-consumer circular
buffers
One-bit bidirectional channel to notify the other
endpoint that data is available in FIFO
Netfilter hook to capture and examine outgoing
packets.
XenLoop Channel Setup/Teardown
Happens on-demandUpon first packet exchange b/w co-located VMsNo packet exchange no FIFO is set up.
Endpoint identifiers passed “out-of-band” via netfront.
Channel torn down automatically when one of the guest migrates away, shuts down, or suspends.
Traffic switches back to Netfront-Netback
Data PathSender intercepts packets destined to co-located guests below the IP layer
Using netfilter hook (post-routing)
If packet is headed to co-located guest, then the sender copies intercepted packets into FIFO
Packets headed out of the physical box sent via netfront-netback
Receiver copies packets out from FIFO and hands them to IP layer.
Why two copies?Because cross-domain page-txfer/sharing is more expensive.Also maintains a simple design
Discovering Co-located Guests
Active guest creates a “XenLoop” entry in XenStore advertising it’s identity.
XenStore = Key-Value Database to store guest properties.Entry deleted when guest shuts down, dies, or migrates away.
A discovery module in Dom0 periodically collects active guest information from XenStore
Advertises presence to other co-located guests via out-of-band network packets.
Future Work
Compatibility with routed-mode Xen setupImplemented. Under testing.
Packet interception b/w socket and transport layersDo this without changing the kernel.Will reduce 4 copies to 2 (as others), significantly improving bandwidth performance.
XenLoop for Windows guest?Windows Linux XenLoop ChannelXenLoop architecture mostly OS agnostic.
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