yojna eng 515
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7/25/2019 Yojna Eng 515
1/7
lni:,istructure
and
Tourism
Development
The
Indian
roa
smi dustry
did not
hate
it so
good
since
the ea y
1990s.
Though
the
Indian
econor
y
has
slowed,
it is
still
growing
ldstet
tha
the
rcsl of the
wo d- lfirh
Ihdian
eco\omy
grcwing
al
around
5
pet
cent pet
a
un,
afld
ise
in
disposable
incomes
of Indians,
an
inc
rcas
ing n
am ber of
people
going
on holiday
tips
within
the
countty
and dbruad
is
resulting
i|
the
touism
indusrry
gowing
wings-
The
potential
fot
India
to
attracl
toutists
is
urrlimited
and toarisu
can
play
an
i
nc
rcas
i
ng ly
b e n
efi
ial
r
o
lc
in
lhe
Indian
econoh,y
in the
yeats
to come
srvices
(
infbrmation, relative
prjces.
transportation,
accommodation,
and
attractiol1
services
(Gunn
lq88).
Tourist
experiences
are also
shaped
by
economic
and political
condilions
and
structural
features
which conribDte lo
the nature
ofrle
destination producr.
MuQhy
et al
(2000)
relared
rhis type
of
product
to a
supplv
ard
dmand
analysis
and
described
how thevarious
components
o
f lhe
destination
in teracr
with travelers
during
their
trip.
The pioneer
in
acknowledging
the
role
of
service infrasrructure
in
creating
a
prodrct
experience
was
Smith
(1994).
He
suggsted that
"service
infrasiructure
is housed
within
the larger
macro-environment
or
physical
plant
of the
dstination"
(Smith,
1994). He
also
stressed
the
fact
that
the
level,
use,
or
lack
of
infrastructure
and
technology
in a
destination
are also
visible
and
determioing
fatures
that
can
enhance the
visitors'
trip experience.
Others
who
supported his
views were
Choy
(1992);
Buharis (2000);
and
Crouch
and Ritchie (2000).
They
summarized
that
tourists'
overall
Manoj
Dlrit
irttpression
develops
their inrage
of
a destination
after their visirarion
.and
that infrastruoture
rnay play
an
impo
ant
role in
that
respect.
The
iourist
destinatio[
product
is
also better understood
iu
the
conrexr
of
conrparative
and
colllpetitire
advantag.
Crouch
and
Ritchie
(1999),
argued
thar factor condirions
are important
detertninanls
ol
altractiveness
as
tourists
travel
to
a
destination to receive
the
destination
Every element
has
been
categorised
under core attraction
and
srpporting
element. The
destination's
general
inli$tructure
services in this
category
in
fact.
represnt one
ofthe
most
impo&nt
factors.
The tourism
phenomenon
relies
heavily on
public
utilitis
and infrastructural
supporr.
Tourism planning
and
development
would
not
be
possible
withoul roads,
airpods, harbours,
electriciq,,
sewage,
and
potable
water. The infrastructural
dirnension
is thus,
a necessary
element
for
tourism
development
and the
above factors are
all
basic
elements for attracting
visilors to
a
deslination.
Generally, infrastructure
has
not been included
in
empiricrl
works because
it
is
expected
to
be
-
available
at a destination
and
has
not been
promoted
as an attraction
OURISM
PRODUCT
is
a
conplex
consumptive
experience
ihat
resuits
lrom
a
process
where
tourists
use mtltiple
of
The aulhor
is th
Directot Institute
orTourism
studies, univeniry
of I-uctnofiimrni
Elllmin-en
more than l0 books
on
toukm
and
has coducted
training
programs
tu
capacity
bsilding in
rourism and
hospitatiiy
relared
areas.
He
is on the
adviso.y/
research
boa.ds
ofseveml univeNities
for ioorism
all acros India.
He had
widely
havered
and
;as
Adjuncr
professor
in the Univeciiy
ofScience
& Technolog
ofChina,
Chensdu,
pR
ofChin
YOJANA
Mav
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2/7
thcror. Smilh
(1994), ard
Cronch
and Ritchic
(1999)
prolide a
sood
theoretical
treatment
ol the role
of
ser ice
nrFasnucture
in creating
a
loLrrism
product
expericnce.
i,,:,i:.r,
Tourism
inirasrrtrclure
is tlre
suppl)
chain of
nrnsPort.
social
aud
en ironmenlrl
inl-rastmctrre
collnborrring
al
x rcgional
level to
creare
dcstinnlioD
inclLrdnlg:
l'nnt
\
la
t
1
I
nl r
d
s
t
t
trc
no-e
\\l1icll
pro\ id.s rh.
\
i\iror
access
iionr
inrernrrional
and dorncstic
sourcc
nrark.r\
Io dcslinxrions:
and
inclLrdes
an?orls.
lnntor
ftrxds and
rail.
5o.n,/
rrrrrrrlrlrr(
which
ls
Lhe stock
ol rooms
to acconnnodale
visitors.nJ
phlsical structurcs
ibr
c\hibirioni.
e\ ents
and serviccs
drat
attract
\rsilors.
This infiastructure
includci
hotels.
convenli{m
cenlres.
srad
iums.
galleries
and
rourisl
precin.t in a desrinalion.
l: Iik)|
ttnIuI tnli'dstrlkt
rc
which
is
the
Drturalestatc
ofnatioral
pnrks.
ariDc
parks
and
reseNcs,
incltrdillg
\
isitor
facilitics.
Colltharu itc
1tllidst'
lk tLtr-e
\\ich
is lhe nenlork
of rcgional.
state
and
Datioual kNrism
organizatioDs
that
market dcstinatioDs and
distribute
Thc
supply chain
of
lourisDr
inlrasiruclure
and
Prodrcl
is
ilhLslratcd
in Figure
l.
This
loLuisN
irliastructure
is
primarily
buill
on
pri\
ate
capital.
wifi
the
private
sector
conrribLrting
7li
per
ccnl
ol
total
ljisuru
I: lotrrisD
suPPl)
(hnin
lourism
in cstmeDt.
lntcmational
airports
and acconrnrodaiion
roon1
srock
is
pdvate
infrastrrchre.
Road.
rail
and seaports
arc
typically
publlc
irfraslructure.
lniiastructure
such
as
conventionceDn'esand
nationalpatks
are
public asseis
provided tar social
ard
cnviron
ental
policy
objccriles.
Conde
N^st ranked lndia
amongst
thc
top I0 iourist
destiDalions.
lndia
is
probably rhe only
couDtry
rhat offcrs
arious
categorics
of
rourisnr.
These
iDcltrde motrntains.
lbrests.
history.
advenlure
huris .
rnedical
rourism
(nlcluding
ayLneda
and other
lbnns of
lrrdian
nledicatioos).
spiritual
tourism.
bcach touris
(lndia
has
the
longest
coxstliDe
in
thc
East).
It
has
bcen
said
that dcslinati(nrs
h
Indin
arc more
dilcrsc
than
thc
couDtries
clsewlrerc.
EacL
region
ol
India
has
a unque
culrrre. festivals/
dress. monu
ental
heritage
and
Thc Indian
tourisnr
industry did
not
havc
it
so
good since
rhe early
I990s.
Though
the lndian
ccono'ny
has
slo\\'ed.
it
is
still
gro virg fastcr
than
tlre rest otthe
world.
Wilh lndian
economy
glowing at arotrnd
5
fcr
cenr
perannum and rise
disPosable
incomes
of
Indians.
aD
increasing
number
of
pcople
gonrg on holiday
lrips within
the couDtry
and
abroad
is
resulting
ilr
Lhe
tourislrl induslry
growing
wings.
Thc
Porential
ibr
lDd;a to atlracl
totrisc
is
unlimited
and
tourism
can
phy rn
iDcreasingly
bcne6cial
role in
thc
Indian
econonry
in
lhe
years
lo co'ne.
Despite
the
nunrerous
Problems.
tourism
induslry
was
lhe
second_
largesr
fbreign
exchange
earner
lbr
IDdia. Tourism
conlributcd 6.6
Per
cent
ol India's
GDP
and
crcated
19.5
millioniobs
in
2012.
The
toralnumbcr
of
iDbornd tourisls
has
8ro\\'n
at
16
per cent
in
the
last
fivc
years and
is
expccled
to
gro\v al l2
Per
cent
in
thc
lcxl decadc.
During
2013.
tr.ivel
and
torrisnl
induslry
contributed
Rs
61.160 crore
to thc
econo'ny.
Inlcrnational
tourists account
for
a
litrle
over 5
million visitors.
while
domestic
market
is seen
at
Fore
ihaD
500
nrillion.
The
growth
pattern
suggesls
lhat
IndiaD
toirrism
growrh is nol
solely
based
on foreign
tourisl
arrivals
alonc
as due
10
global
rcasons
and
distur
bances.
lhis
phcnoffenoD
is
always
.llTectcd
adverscly.
Howevcr.
domestic
tourisnr
has
been
grouing
in a settled
way.
l-airs and
fesrivals
of lndia
are continuous
Phenomena.
Events
like Kumbha
in
norlh
dnd
onam and
Mahamastakabhishcka
in
lhe south
are
evcnls
lhat
lclch a
lot
ol
tolllisls
almost
cver vcar.
A
look
at
dle
Figurc-i
willdcDote
explicilly
thar
despi c
potertial
and
ab{ndance
oI
nann'al
beauty.
many
slatcs
have
lailed io
dttract
tourisnr
I
ikc
nor
th-.asrcrn
stalcs.
Lakshad\.rcep
and
Chhattiscarh
not
becausc
oi'any
rcason othcr
lhaD
lack
of lotrrisnr
AccordiDg
to Deloitte
Touche.
(he
Indian kmrism
sccror
is likelv
to
gencrale nearly
S'12.8
billion bv
2017
Destile
lhe
clrallengcs
being
lsced ir
lems
ofa slo\ting
economy.
sltrggish
denrand
and
security
concerns.
lhe
counn'y
was
figlrlirg back
and
tourisnr
devclopmenrs
were taking
placc. Despil;
rhe
deepeDing
world
er:ononic crisis.
India s
economY
rcnrains
in deccnt
shapc
and is
slill
cxperienciog
$nre
of
thc sn'ongest
qrorvth
r
ales
irr
the $'orld
.
Ihe Dcloiite
It is
i_asl
turning
into
\'olunrc
ganrc whcre.
an
c er burgeoniDg
number
ofparticip{nts
arc
pushnrg up
rcvenues
ol induslry
flayers
(holels.
tour
operators.
airlincs.
sh
ippin
g
lines. etc).
This
wijl
r.sulr
in
grcaler
roonr occupancics
and
average
roonr
rcrenues(ARRs)
in the
corntry. ARRs
have
noved
up
and
rooln
occupancy
rxtes
h.vc
also shot
uP.
Thus-
lhc
lourisrn
sector
is
cxpecrcd
to
perlban
well
ir
tirrure
rnd thu
induslry
offers
a
intcresrirg
investlnenl
opportunity
lbr long-terrn
investors.
Real;zing
thc
potential in
India. intenrational
and
dornestic
Lolel
r,.
ti
t,
I'
YOJANA
May
2015
-
7/25/2019 Yojna Eng 515
3/7
Annud Growth
(
Der
cent)
,001
-1.2
2402.
2384164
200:l
2'126114
200,1
1157117
26.8
2005
l9t
86t0
l:t :l
2006
13.5
t0ul
508t504
t4.l
2008
5282603
2009
-2.2
5115692
8
20t1
4r109222
9.2
2012
657174s
.{.1
20tl
5.9
chains
werc
rushmg
io cash
in
on
i{-
Mcdical
tourism
was
poiscd for rapid
developmcnt
in tlrc
luture
and
India
is
'
busy
developing
firsFclass
lacilities
to
atlract
this muhi-billion
dollar
niche
The
suddcn
boonr
in
tourisn
nr
tndia
took
the tourism
industry
bv
stonn
forcing
everyone
lo
lhink
how
to
rstain
the
growth.
In
fact-
tourism
is a trillion
dollar
indusrry
nlxktug
it
onc of
the
largest
forcign
cxchangc
camers
and
geDerator
ofemplovment
in
tndia.
Accom
odation.
transPort
and
Sourcc:
B reau
ollmmigrerion,
India
Figurt
3: Domc\tic
and
Forci:n
Iouri\|.
in lndix
t2012_llr
S. No. state/uT
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20r3
Andanlan
&
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14111
t5.94
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45 t 1407
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0.54
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6.
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sourcc:
Minislryollounsn,Cov.mmcntorlndia.Tonrisn
starkri's2013
YOIANA
May
2015
-
7/25/2019 Yojna Eng 515
4/7
recrcaiioo
facilities
arc
the keY
colnponents
of
any major
toLrrism
destin rioo.
Thc
compeliliveness
of
lhcse facilitics
at
a national
or intemational
scale
dclermines
whethcr
they
bccome
valuable
assets
for. or
likely
impcdiments
lo.
at(racting
visitors
Lo
a dcslination.
Plans
for
improvin-s
rht
olerall
atlraction
oi
a
dcninarion
need
to
be
based
on dernilcd
inlornration
highlightnrg
rhc
cu
enl
starc
olsuch
lr
is
quil.
ob\ ious
IhrL India
docs
nor
|osscss
good roads.
only
l2
Pcr
c.fl
Dccl
$,orld clnss
criteria.
This
is i_ar
roo less
1o anlnct
intemalional
rourisrs.
Entirc
Eurofe
loves lo
lmvel
bv
road
tin
lourisnr
PUrposcs;
but
l;dians havc
m rhmk
multrplL'tines
risur.l
F(roign
TouriilArrivah
lron
lbp l5 mrrkets
(2013)
{Ntrmbers
in
Miltion
and
Percentage
snrre)
Sorrce:Minisrr,y
of
Tourism,
Goleflnncnr.
Govemnlent
of
lndia' Markel
Research
Dilision,
To .ism Sraristics
201l
\OJANc
\.4a) l0l5
bcfore travellnrg
or roads.
Moreover.
undisciplined
driving
nrakcs ]t even
more dangcrous.
India
lras
one
ofthe
highest
rankings in
road accidents.
Aboul
28
per cenl of
the route
kilomcter
39
perceni of nnrning
track
kilometer
and4I
per
cent
of
total track
kilonrercr
is
elcctri6ed.
lnland \\'rte
r Trn
nsporl
India
has abour
l'1.500
krn
oI
navigable
$aterlvays
which comprises
ri crs. canals.
back$'atcrs.
creeks.
etc.
About 50
million
tonDes oicargo
corrcsponding
10 l.8l
billion
nnnre
was lransporlcd
irr
2006-07 by lnlLlnd
WaterTransport
(lWT).
Ils opemtions
are cufl'cn(ly
restricted
to
r iew
strelches
in
thc Ganga
Bhagirarhi
Ilooghly
Rivers.
Thc Brahmapulra,
the
B.rak
River
tlrc rivers
in Goa.
the
backwaters
ir
Kerala.
inlandwalers
n1
M mbai
aDd
llre delt:ric
regions
oithe
Godavari-Krishna
rivers.
Bcsides
the
organized
opcrations
by nrechanized
essels.
conntrY
boats
of 'arious
capacities
also
oPerate
i, various
rivers
and
canals.
Data
of
cargo
and
passenger
molemcnl in
uDoqanized
sector
(i.e.
bY
counh'Y
boats.
clc.)
has
nol
becn
coDrpilcd
but
it is
a
fact
thal substantial
quantutn ol
cargo
and
passengcrs
are
transported
in the
nnorsanized
sector
s well
Airportr
in
lndir
lndia has
46 airportsr
fiowever,
theilj
are
not
many
which conncctwilh
thc rest ofthe
counlry.
Duc
to this.
thc
(ime
lrkcn tbrtrNellingbyair
is
manv
timcs more
than
whatis takenby tmin.
For examplc.
ifonc
wislrcs
to
travcl
l'o
Agra to
V.ranasi
or Jaipur
bv air.
he
or she
will lrave
1()
go ro
Dclhi
beibrc
boarding
rny
orher
llight.
lf
India
does
not
lake
ad antage
oftlris
tourisn
rcvohliorl,
il\till
havc
only
hersell
to
blarne
Wrtlr
just
a
Itw inilialives,lndia
can really
rake
benefits
of this
srnnise
sector.
The
lack
of iniiaslructure
is
visible
in
all
scgmena
oftotrrism
bc
it relatcd
to
airporls.
rail vay. sltrlace
transport.
accornmodation
ttairled
manpowcr.
shopping
with
case.llaveling
in
stvle.
medical
tourism.
tourism
cd
cation.
sustainablc
developrnent
norrns
clc.
The
tourism
iodustry
can
maximiTc
or
lhe infr.slruclue
devcloprnenl
palt
by
pro iding
priorily
ro rotrrisrrr
tax
incenlivcs
lo
pdvale seclor'.
speciali/ed
norNS
for
single
window
cleatance
for
lbreigD
investl]lents.
crealnrg
land,
bank
Iinancial
assislance
mainlv
long tenn
loan on
lc,w
rale
ofinleresl.
liee
ffow of
lbreign
exclraDge
in
thc
coun(ry.
invol ing
professionals
rnd
lcss
intedtrencc
by bureaucrats
or
free from
red-tape.
This
is the
riglrr
approach
and
onlY
way
to boosl
S,
NO
USA
|
085
(15.58
n r
ccno
2
LIK
SriLon\J
0.259
(-1.72 per
cenl)
0.:55
(l66
po'ccnt)
1.
0.252
(3.62 pcr
cent)
E.
0.220
(1.l6
pe.
cent)
)
0.175
(2.51
perccnt)
0.141
(2.05 per
cent)
5
Share
oflop
l0
co0tries
Share
ollop
l5
counlrics
4.927
(70.72
D
cent)
Soui.e:
\'linislry
ofTourisnr.
Corenn cnr
ollidi.. Totrris
Sratisrics
2011
rigu.c5:
Tourism RteiPts,
Rs
nillion.
(2009_2013)
US$ MiUion
:009
ltl6
3.7
t0
0
20.8
4193
2'1.6
l0
77591
16.7
20
').
9,1487
2l.ll
1131
7.1
20
r0767 t
t4.0
40
-
7/25/2019 Yojna Eng 515
5/7
Num
Der
of
Approv.t
Horet.
rrA
,lr"itrrriIrr.,r
_
Horet
Room,
Duritrg
20t:l
l0tl8
source:
Nl in istr)
o
i
lbu
ris i,
Covcrnmcnl
or
hrdia,
Marl\er
R".",
r"1,
Dt;;;
To;
Slatlsln\ zrlrr
around
tourisl
destiDations
for
at1
2
Proper
attenrion
rvoutd
necd
lo
be
given
ro
rhe
to
owing:
.
Desirn
Codcs.
Acsrhctics
rrd
Anthropotnerrics.
choicc
of
materirls.
Iabricarion.
durability.
wcarherirg
and
nraiftenaDce_
.
Signagcr
Adequacy
and
.
Liucr,/recyctinc
bins.
.
hrtbnnarion/waylind;Dg.
.
InfonnationandTouisl
Faciliration/
CoDvenicnce
Cenlrc
.
Parkirg
un;ts.
includirrgparking
lor
l{
o-whee
lers
and
park
irrg
tac
ititics
ibr
the physica
tly
;hallcnged.
..
Thechallen-se
is to
idcrr titi
c
ircuils
hcarrcning
thar
lhe
Union
Ministry
of
li,
inrcgrarcd
dcvetofnrerrt
and
setcct
Tourhm
(MOrt
1", trr,"a
g,,ta-.li,,.,
centers
wh.re
laciliries
to come
tor
touririrn
;nrru".,*.
i ,r,,i"ri
tup^
in
te.rns
of
popularity
as
in
a
stales
can
create
wortd
class
t(nn.isnr
infrastructuml
delctopment
financiat
inliashrdure.
SoDre
ourlines
of this
erun,Ii.
Lcr,nre.SuI\r'r]l.,.,ecr:re
gurJetirflndi.arcrh.
r,rcrcr.:,r.ro\c
aptro
tr.t.
r.
dtso
nc(d.d.
t\c
righr
oir(c
ion.
lnd
iJ
r
jnrrxsrr .rure
trobtenrs
a11sc
nol
tusr
frorn
rrs
inabilirv
r.
crearc
tircilities
as has
bcen
seen in
the
National
Highways
Dcretopmcnr
progr.tnmcs.
raijway.
expen
s
ive
programmes
lor
airport
devetopnrenrs.
Equally
fruslratins
is lhe
tailurc
of
most
imagcs
of
fiesc
intrastructure
projeots
to identify
lhe
Iasr
nrinure
problems
and
fix
them
berbre
thev
become
uDnranaseabte.
Dcspire
rhe
higlr
voltage
of6cirt
"Incredible
hrdia
campaign..
ro
scl
thc
country
as
an alte.nalivc
desrin:rrion.
the
Tourist
footfatls
are
rather
modest
for
r
conlinent
sizcd
counlry.
The
onl)
siy ue
can
progress
rr
lnrPro\e
InirastrucrLrre
dcfcienc ,.dnd
I ilt
wc
become
proactive.
our
tourist
arrivats
willstagnate
at 5
or6
Driti;on
o.ty.
Il
is
l0
l.
State/UT
Adm
irr
islration
should.
a\
lar
as
lrossrhte.
cnrpt,ry
drchrrc.rs.
inclLrJrng
c o n
e r
a
r
r
n
ll
.r n .]
Jandscrpe
Jrchrrerl\
ib
o$ Inq
codal
h'flnaJrties
nnd
rlresesho t,l
b;
liDded
from
rheir
oun resources
2.
EfTorts
shoutd
bc
made
bv ttc
Srarc/
LiT
Adminisrration
ro havc
one window
clcarance
ibr
lourism
L
While
formulnring thc
schcme\
undcr
Mcga
Desrinadon
proiecls/
(ircurrs
b)
the
Sl.res
UTs.
alrcnrpt\
shouU
be nrade
kr
bnnscun\euencc
u
rrh the
JNNURM
trrh:rn
(li\
ir
Anrclliiici
L
States
shouid
creale
atl
weather
circulalion
nerworks
and
connectivity
including
crearioD
01.
barier
lree
enviroDmcnt
in
and
i. States/Union Terrilorv
\dnrif
i trdlron\
\houtd
enrour.,S;
llce
and
ft(que
l
drsrnbuIoI
uf
higfi
qlllliry
lou
st
maps, guides.
CDs. postcrs.
rourisn
catendars.
fald
aDd
like
atong
nraps;
atso
cry
strong
graphic
displ.y
to
pronrole
I
ndia,s
ibrant
and
diveIse
4.
Delailed
proiecl
reporr
must
mlke
clearlhat
the
tand
is
avaitabte
with
thc
inrplemcntinC
agcncy.
tf
a
projcct
san loncd
b)
rhe
Mrnrstl",,
has
nor
bcen
sldrted
Jue ru n, r-
availabilily
of
tand
eveD
aticr
one
ycdr.
rhr
Inotcd
\r
be drofped
Jnd
the
lunds u
itt
be recutererl
.r
5. Waysidc
amenitics
should
be
located
afier
about
cvery
5okDls
on
the lvay
leadiDg
to the
rourisr
dcstinalions/
circuils.
6.
Signages
m
Llst confbrDr
to. as
faras
possible,
inremational
code (Wor
td
Tourism Organ;sat;on
websites
lbr
Sisnxses)
7.
Slates/U1'
Adnr
in islr atioDs
shoutd
nrake
efforl
to
upgrltde
rnd
strengthen
cx
istnrg
iorrjst
tacililies
as
a partol
rhe
lonrism
policy
from
their
own
resourccs.
8.
States
should
put
in ptacc,
as
fdas
possiblc.
insritutionrt
mechanism
lor
manageDrent
througtr
ary
YOJANA
May
2015
,rj
-
7/25/2019 Yojna Eng 515
6/7
Route
in Km
Total Tack
in KIn
Bomd
Cuage
(
1.616 nnn)
71,015
l\'1eler Guiqe
(1.000
nn
)
11.487
I3.412
Na'ro$
CLrase
(762
mm and 610
nnn)
Source hllD r11\,$
r
ibef.org/ind
ustry/roads-
md in.asp\
appropriare agcnc). of pu
b
lic
con\ cnicnccs aiier
lnllo$ing
cod.l
Built
Heritagc
&
Signrgcs
L Staies,L.nion
Territorv
Adnrinislr
iolls should tinlnularc.
as
liras
poss
ble. a Comprehensive
GDsellnlion ]\1xst.r Plan
inclrLdins
rescrl'(lr. ili)cufr.ntatron.
\.lue-
signilicanee.
dxnragc assessnrent.
c o
rr
s
crr
rl
ion.
nt
a n a
genrcn
t.
tourrs
nr rrr
lrr
s I ru
cl
u re.
tisli
assessmcnt
(can
ying
capaciry).
site rnterprculi{nr. salety,lirsl
aid
rnd
sc.urit .
uni\ ersal
.ccess.
Nasle rranrgcNcnt.
comtnunily
consultrlions
af d engagcnrenr
inrplerrenlation
strateg],.
business
l.
Srntcs/Un1oi Tcrritory
,\d
nr in isrrations
ay li)llow
inte rational nornis aDd gLridelioes/
UNESCO
C
hafters
lor
World
Heritage Sltes
nr
partictrlarand
lbr
othcr herirage
siteslnonunrents iI
gen
era I
-
7/25/2019 Yojna Eng 515
7/7
for
her
ll
;s a
cut throat competirion
among
alt de\reloping
nations
as it isthebackborre
of thcir
econonry.
Countries
like
China.Thaila
d,
Malaysia and
Indonesia
are spendinghcavily
oo building
lourism
infrasr.octure
so as ro
aur.act
more and
more: and
they an
successlirl in
dreir efknrs.
India.
on the
other haDd.
is stillseting
its
priorilies
right.
To conchrde_
I nrrct say lharall
altracrions
rre nreaningless
if
accessibilily
is llot snnx]th.
Indian ptanflers
wi
have to
understand
this.
The sooncr. the
belr.r.
Roads and
rails arc
not going to scNe tourists
alurel
India's
econonrv
roo
will
gel
a big
boos(
il
this
is done.
Readings
l.
cOHt\.
|
.u-oA
Ir"e
,
"cnnlogj,,.
t,nrr rt\fe.11rce.
:,
CROUCH.
C I..
&
RI]'CIIIE.
J, R.
B,
]999 TOU'i
N
.onrpctiileness
.nd societal
prosperiry:
.r
rmil oi BrNiness
I{esearch..l4(l):
ll7-152
l.
(ROLirllL
I
A\D
l(ll(
lll[.
'R
n
2an0 ttF
ru rpet i\e
destiratidr d
susrainabilily
pcspective.
To rism
Managcnrcrtl
:r
4 GEARINC,
C.E. 1974
Estabtishi g
a nea$ire
ot rouisrjc
atlracliveness.
loumal ol
Trivel Rescarch
12r t-8
5.
GUNN.C.A-
EDS.l98E rourisn pta.ning
(secondcdition).
Nrs
York:Taykr
& Fmncis
6.
K UL. R. N.
EDS. l9E5 Dynanrics
ol
ronrisnr:
.
trihgv
( ot.
I
L
I
)
T'lnsponation
and MarkctiDg.
Ncs
Dcthi
l.
KIM L. CI{OMPTON
l.
L
. DOTHA_
p
2000 RespondiDg
ft)
mnpctition:a
srratcay tbr SLrn/Losl
Cirr. sourtr
Ai-.jcaTourisD
Manascment
2l
(41)
8.
LIM C.
1997
Review ofinternarlonal
tourisnr
dcnmril nn)dck
Annah olTourism
Resea.ch.24.
(4)r
835
849
i
\4.EI
RO\ .r.
L.:00r
5
r.
.tand
.,,
"r
c.....
I
-r
"crus
lhe
liftcycle, Papcr prepared
kn.rhe trlenrationat
(innerence.
Beyond
MIRABTTltc
Polirical
Econonly
otSDa
rst
rds ir)
dre 2lsr
Century. School
olEcononrics
dd
trinance. Victoria
UniveLsiry,
Wellingron.
Ncw Zeahrd,23
t5 Febnkry:004
I0
MO, HOWARD
AND IIAVITZ
l99l
TeslirU
n
kuisr
tutc
)pclo")
4,,
dl\o
on,.
.
c\edr.,..
r'
ltu
lil
II.PRIDEAUX
Il.2000 rhe
rcle ofrhe rransporL
srsrenr in
destirarion devehpnrent.
Torrisnr
Managencnt
I
l
I2. SMITH.
S. L. J. lr)94.
The nntrisnr prodrcr.
Afnats
ol-(trtrisnr
Itesearch.
2l(3)r 582-595.
ll.TANC
AND ROCHANANOND
t990
Arlra.livcress
as a
rourisrdesrination:aconlt-ilrarivesludyolThaitand
rdscteded
countries. Socio-Econ
Planrilrg
l4(3)
14. wlTT
S AND wlTT
C
.
199s
Forecaslirs
tourisn demandl
A t iew
of enpirical
research.
Inrerndtiorat
lounrat
of
Forecasting:
ll:447-475
I 5 hltp /lvww.satariplus.co.in/KanjilalArlicle.aspx?Ctd-ll
I 6.
hup/www.ibelorglndusrry/.oadyirdia.asDx
17. N,liDistrl
of hrirn.
Colernnent
oflndi. s,obsite
l.
Courtesy: Mr.
(io r
Kanjilal. Tourisn
P,orisional.
ronner
Dy.
Dircctor
GeneraUltegional
Dnector.
Miiisq
of Tourisnr_
Covear
tr
IEn
dil
"ltrtuidi\it:3tit,sntdil
t on
)
I
12
YOJANA
Mav
2015
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