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Amphibious Logistics – Intertheatre Transports and Connectors Executive Summary The LARCV, Army’s only amphibian is at the end of its useful life (Life Of Type) and needs replacing. While it has been a great workhorse, it is old technology and it is executing WWII strategies. It is a wheeled vehicle and this brings with it limitations. The UHAC (Ultra Heavylift Amphibious Connector) is new technology with a vastly superior range of capabilities that will provide the ADF with an enhanced amphibious capability. It can swim at 20 knots in sea state 3 and carry three times the lift capacity of an LCAC (Landing Craft Air Cushion). There is also a half size model that could replace the LARCV. The LCH (Landing Craft Heavy) is being replaced under JP2048 Phase 5 with an intertheatre logistics ship. Some exemplars include a ramp so that the ship is capable of beaching itself to unload. A more flexible option would be the MLP (Mobile landing Platform). In Australia’s POE natural disasters occur where there is degraded or no port facilities hence a vessel that is capable of acting as a defacto port or landing platform could be a critical factor in deciding how to best prosecute theHA/DR or NEO(P) mission. The US Navy has just launched a new class of ships (Montford Point Class)which fills this void as a type of auxiliary support ship. Combined with connectors such as LCAC or UHAC, the MLP provides a wider solution set that the generated by the necessity of finding a landing point where the intertheatre ship can beach itself safetly. The Problem The ADF’s POE (Primary Operational Environment) is vast while being geographically diverse and complex. It is dominated by ocean with numerous land masses separated by narrow maritime passages. Its littoral terrain is characterised by the archipelagic, riverine and estuarine, subject to large tidal variations and severe weather. The current set of surface connectors used by the ADF is restricted to Landing Craft (LCM8, LCM1E) and the LARCV, the only true amphibian in the ADF inventory but nearing its end of life (Life of Type). There is a finite set of beach sites, conditions that are suitable for the employment of these connectors. This restricts the number of potential Sea Points of Entry (SPOE) for the Amphibious Task Force/Group Commander in his tactical plan. A given beach also has additional constraints that it must be considered during planning for an operation. Individual beaches are selected based on sea floor slope, composition, waves, tides, beach soil, the size of back of beach area and beach egress options. Once selected the beach is further constrained with one lane assigned for wheeled vehicles using available beach matting (usually one roll), another lane for tracked vehicles with no matting and another lane for personnel. Propeller wash from landing craft connectors will necessitate the sideways migration of these lanes along the beach as the wash causes deep holes to appear in the surf zone, affecting subsequent landings. The back of beach areas and the surf zone can become obstacles where vehicles and landing craft connectors become bogged or stranded requiring recovery. Natural disasters (tsunami, cyclone, flood, fire, earthquake, etc) make reduce the effectiveness of existing port facilities, or they may not exist at all. Debris plus natural obstacles need to be 1

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Page 1: Amphibious Logistics Inter theatre Transports and Connectors · Amphibious Logistics – Inter‐theatre Transports and Connectors Executive Summary The LARC‐V, Army’s only amphibian

Amphibious Logistics – Inter‐theatre Transports and Connectors 

Executive Summary 

The LARC‐V, Army’s only amphibian is at the end of its useful life (Life Of Type) and needs replacing.  

While it has been a great workhorse, it is old technology and it is executing WWII strategies.  It is a 

wheeled vehicle and this brings with it limitations.  The UHAC (Ultra Heavy‐lift Amphibious 

Connector) is new technology with a vastly superior range of capabilities that will provide the ADF 

with an enhanced amphibious capability. It can swim at 20 knots in sea state 3 and carry three times 

the lift capacity of an LCAC (Landing Craft Air Cushion).  There is also a half size model that could 

replace the LARC‐V. 

The LCH (Landing Craft Heavy) is being replaced under JP2048 Phase 5 with an inter‐theatre logistics 

ship.  Some exemplars include a ramp so that the ship is capable of beaching itself to unload.  A 

more flexible option would be the MLP (Mobile landing Platform). In Australia’s POE natural 

disasters occur where there is degraded or no port facilities hence a vessel that is capable of acting 

as a defacto port or landing platform could be a critical factor in deciding how to best prosecute 

theHA/DR or NEO(P) mission. The US Navy has just launched a new class of ships (Montford Point 

Class)which fills this void as a type of auxiliary support ship.  Combined with connectors such as LCAC 

or UHAC, the MLP provides a wider solution set that the generated by the necessity of finding a 

landing point where the inter‐theatre ship can beach itself safetly. 

The Problem 

The ADF’s POE (Primary Operational Environment) is vast while being geographically diverse and 

complex. It is dominated by ocean with numerous land masses separated by narrow maritime 

passages. Its littoral terrain is characterised by the archipelagic, riverine and estuarine, subject to 

large tidal variations and severe weather. 

The current set of surface connectors used by the ADF is restricted to Landing Craft (LCM8, LCM1E) 

and the LARC‐V, the only true amphibian in the ADF inventory but nearing its end of life (Life of 

Type). There is a finite set of beach sites, conditions that are suitable for the employment of these 

connectors. This restricts the number of potential Sea Points of Entry (SPOE) for the Amphibious 

Task Force/Group Commander in his tactical plan. 

A given beach also has additional constraints that it must be considered during planning for an 

operation.   Individual beaches are selected based on sea floor slope, composition, waves, tides, 

beach soil, the size of back of beach area and beach egress options.  Once selected the beach is 

further constrained with one lane assigned for wheeled vehicles using available beach matting 

(usually one roll), another lane for tracked vehicles with no matting and another lane for personnel.  

Propeller wash from landing craft connectors will necessitate the sideways migration of these lanes 

along the beach as the wash causes deep holes to appear in the surf zone, affecting subsequent 

landings.  The back of beach areas and the surf zone can become obstacles where vehicles and 

landing craft connectors become bogged or stranded requiring recovery. 

Natural disasters (tsunami, cyclone, flood, fire, earthquake, etc) make reduce the effectiveness of 

existing port facilities, or they may not exist at all.  Debris plus natural obstacles need to be 

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overcome by the logistics system to effectively and efficiently land supplies, equipment and 

personnel ashore.   

Follow on logistics,  some supplied perhaps by commercial shipping, needs to flow through some 

sort of port facility,  landing platform or SPOE in order that they can be brought ashore  in support of 

HA/DR ops or connectors can recover personnel back to ships for evacuation in NEO‐P ops. How can 

this be achieved within the POE? Does the LCH replacement or inter‐theatre ship necessarily need a 

ramp to land on a beach, if it can find one in the target area? Will a side ramp be sufficient for 

unloading onto a mobile landing platform? 

What if the connector was a true amphibian that did not need to have a designated lane, require 

matting, could negotiate beach, soft sand, mud, mangrove, marsh, obstacles  and could climb 

obstacles up to ten foot in height? This would open up a vast length of coastline that was previously 

discounted, providing a much larger set of tactical options for CATF/CLF to prosecute their mission. 

What if a mobile landing platform/port could be positioned close to shore to enable follow on 

shipping to land their supplies.  What if this mobile landing platform was able to self deploy and 

carry a large quantity of supplies itself, and carry its own surface connectors. This would also 

increase the options for CATF/CLF to prosecute their mission. 

 

Solution to Overcoming Restrictive Beach Landing Sites and Improving Throughput 

The Ultra Heavy‐lift Amphibious Connector (UHAC) is currently being developed by the Marine Corps 

Warfighting Lab as a potential replacement for the Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC).  It has the same 

footprint as an LCAC but with three times the lift capacity at half the speed. The secret behind this 

machine is foam tracks with captive air cells, which allow it to propel itself through the water at up 

to 20 knots, and then move onto land. Because it has a very low ground pressure footprint it can 

cross marsh land and mud flats easily. 

A half size demonstrator has been built which could be a candidate to replace the LARC‐V.  The full 

size version has a length of 92 feet, beam 48 feet and a height of 26 feet.  It has a range of 200 

nautical miles with a speed of 20 knots in sea state 3.  It has a displacement of 270 LT with a full load 

payload of 130 LT.  It can climb obstacles 12 feet high. 

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Full Size Concept 

 

 

Mixed Load 

 

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Same Footprint as an LCAC 

 

 

Half size demonstrator 

 

Buoyant Tracks on the UHAC 

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UHAC payload is 3 times that of an LCAC (pictured) 

 

 

Demonstrator Overcoming Obstacles 

Solution to Overcoming Lack of Port/Land Facilities 

Seabasing’s ultimate effectiveness is heavily dependent on how many “connectors” like LCM8s, LCM1Es, and “connector interfaces” like lighterage, cranes, and ship‐ship transfer options, are present within the force. The problem is that carrying capacity for connectors is always limited in amphibious ships. Which means that it takes a lot of expensive amphibs to move enough of the “connectors” into the operations area, and there may not be enough of them based “off ship” in the particular area they’re needed. Likewise, there aren’t enough spots on Maritime Prepositioning Ships for all the lighterage needed for scalable theatre entry operations. 

The Mobile Landing Platform (MLP) is intended to facilitate the transfer of military personnel, equipment, and cargo when port access is limited or unavailable, by acting as a transfer station or floating pier at sea. The ship is in fact semi‐submersible, the ship can adjust its relationship to the sea to allow for float‐on/float‐off operations by taking on ballast until the main deck is beneath the waves. This decreases the relative motion problem for offloading in waves, and its modern dynamic positioning system should improve standoff distance significantly.  By being submerged, landing craft or connectors (principally the LCAC) sail right aboard for loading and unloading, 

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This improves the ability to deliver equipment and cargo from ship to shore when friendly bases are denied, or simply don’t exist. This is useful in HA/ DR situations, and when supporting the Landing Force once they are ashore.  

The MLP ships will allow the transfer of vehicles and equipment from Large Medium‐Speed Roll‐on/Roll‐off (LMSR) (ie inter‐theatre shipping, civilian or military) and Joint High Speed Vessel (JHSV) to shore through LCACs in Sea State 3 conditions. It should be able to accommodate the side ramp from the LHD. The mobile landing platforms will allow the amphibious operations in the absence of ports. It can offload in higher sea states (SS4). 

The MLP ships has a length of 239m, beam of 50m and a design draft of 12m. The full load displacement of the vessel is 80,000t. Each MLP will be manned by a crew of 34 personnel. The ship have storage tanks for 100,000 gal of potable water and 590,000 gal of JP5 fuel. The mission deck can accept future platform upgrades including command and control, vehicle transfer system, cranage, accommodation module, medical facilities, and a helicopter landing spot. The MLP ships are powered by twin screw diesel electric propulsion system integrating four MAN/B&W medium speed diesel engines, 24MW diesel electric plant, and 2MW azimuthing bow thruster. The propulsion system provides a sustained speed of 15kt and an endurance of over 9,500nmi at 15kt speed. It can carry 3 LCACs (or 3 UHACs). 

The US Navy has recently introduced the MLP as a new class (Montford Point Class) and type of auxiliary support ship, as part of the US Navy’s Maritime Prepositioning Force of the Future (MPF‐F) program. 

 

MLP partly submerged and LMSR in marriage 

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MLP in transit 

 

LCACs unloading from MLP USNS Montford Point during RIMPAC 

 

 

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AAV launching from MLP USNS Montford Point during RIMPAC 

 

 

MLP USNS Montford Point exercising during RIMPAC 

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