amr(ran16.0_03)

WCDMA RAN

AMR Feature Parameter Description

Issue 03Date 2015-03-30

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2015. All rights reserved.No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior writtenconsent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Trademarks and Permissions

and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective holders. NoticeThe purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and thecustomer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not be within thepurchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements, information,and recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guarantees or representationsof any kind, either express or implied.

The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in thepreparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, andrecommendations in this document do not constitute a warranty of any kind, express or implied. Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.Address: Huawei Industrial Base

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Website: http://www.huawei.comEmail: [email protected]

Issue 03 (2015-03-30) Huawei Proprietary and ConfidentialCopyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

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Contents

1 About This Document..................................................................................................................11.1 Scope..............................................................................................................................................................................11.2 Intended Audience..........................................................................................................................................................11.3 Change History...............................................................................................................................................................21.4 Differences Between Base Station Types.......................................................................................................................52 Overview.........................................................................................................................................72.1 Background.....................................................................................................................................................................72.2 Introduction....................................................................................................................................................................82.3 Benefits...........................................................................................................................................................................83 Basic Principle................................................................................................................................93.1 AMR Radio Bearer Scheme...........................................................................................................................................93.2 AMR Rate Set...............................................................................................................................................................103.3 AMR Rate Control........................................................................................................................................................134 Technical Description of AMR-WB Services.........................................................................175 Technical Description of TFO/TrFO........................................................................................206 Technical Description of AMR/WB-AMR Speech Rates Control......................................236.1 Overview......................................................................................................................................................................246.2 AMRC Based on LDRa................................................................................................................................................246.3 AMRC Based on Link Stability....................................................................................................................................256.3.1 AMRC Performance..................................................................................................................................................256.3.2 Link Stability Measurement......................................................................................................................................276.4 AMRC Based on TFO/TrFO........................................................................................................................................306.5 Symmetric Uplink and Downlink Rate Sets over the Air Interface for AMR Services...............................................337 Speech Quality Assessment and Maintenance......................................................................358 Related Features...........................................................................................................................378.1 WRFD-010613 AMR-WB...........................................................................................................................................378.2 WRFD-011600 TFO/TrFO...........................................................................................................................................378.3 WRFD-020701 AMR/WB-AMR Speech Rates Control..............................................................................................389 Network Impact...........................................................................................................................39

WCDMA RANAMR Feature Parameter Description Contents


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9.1 WRFD-010613 AMR-WB...........................................................................................................................................399.2 WRFD-011600 TFO/TrFO...........................................................................................................................................409.3 WRFD-020701 AMR/WB-AMR Speech Rates Control..............................................................................................4010 Engineering Guidelines...........................................................................................................4310.1 WRFD-010613 AMR-WB (Adaptive Multi Rate Wide Band)..................................................................................4310.1.1 When to Use This Feature.......................................................................................................................................4310.1.2 Information to Be Collected....................................................................................................................................4310.1.3 Network Planning....................................................................................................................................................4310.1.4 Feature Deployment................................................................................................................................................4310.1.5 Performance Monitoring..........................................................................................................................................5110.1.6 Parameter Optimization...........................................................................................................................................5210.1.7 Troubleshooting.......................................................................................................................................................5310.2 WRFD-011600 TFO/TrFO.........................................................................................................................................5310.2.1 When to Use This Feature.......................................................................................................................................5310.2.2 Information to Be Collected....................................................................................................................................5310.2.3 Network Planning....................................................................................................................................................5310.2.4 Feature Deployment................................................................................................................................................5310.2.5 Performance Monitoring..........................................................................................................................................5610.2.6 Parameter Optimization...........................................................................................................................................5610.2.7 Troubleshooting.......................................................................................................................................................5710.3 WRFD-020701 AMR/WB-AMR Speech Rates Control............................................................................................5710.3.1 When to Use This Feature.......................................................................................................................................5710.3.2 Information to Be Collected....................................................................................................................................5710.3.3 Network Planning....................................................................................................................................................5710.3.4 Feature Deployment................................................................................................................................................5710.3.5 Performance Monitoring..........................................................................................................................................7610.3.6 Parameter Optimization...........................................................................................................................................7810.3.7 Troubleshooting.......................................................................................................................................................7811 Parameters...................................................................................................................................7912 Counters....................................................................................................................................19213 Glossary.....................................................................................................................................23714 Reference Documents.............................................................................................................238

WCDMA RANAMR Feature Parameter Description Contents


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1 About This Document1.1 Scope

This document describes AMR, including its technical principles, network impact, andengineering guidelines.This document covers the following features:l WRFD-010613 AMR-WB (Adaptive Multi Rate Wide Band)l WRFD-011600 TFO/TrFOl WRFD-020701 AMR/WB-AMR Speech Rates Control

This document applies to the following NE types.

NE Type NE ModelRNC BSC6900, BSC6910NodeB Macro 3900 series macro base stations: BTS3900, BTS3900A,

BTS3900L, BTS3900AL, DBS3900, BTS3900C3800 series macro base stations: DBS3800, BTS3812E,BTS3812AE

Micro BTS3803E, BTS3902ELampSite DBS3900 LampSite

1.2 Intended AudienceThis document is intended for personnel who:l Need to understand the features described herein

WCDMA RANAMR Feature Parameter Description 1 About This Document


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l Work with Huawei products

1.3 Change HistoryThis section provides information about the changes in different document versions. There aretwo types of changes, which are defined as follows:l Feature change

Changes in features of a specific product versionl Editorial change

Changes in wording or addition of information that was not described in the earlier version

RAN16.0 03 (2015-03-30)This issue includes the following changes.

Change Type Change Description Parameter ChangeFeature change Optimized EVQI evaluation

and one-way audio detection.For details, see 7 SpeechQuality Assessment andMaintenance.

Added the followingparameters:l RESERVED_SWITCH_

17_BIT4 (under theRsvSwitch17 parameterin the SETUALGORSVPARAcommand)

l RsvdSwitch2_Bit1(under the RsvdSwitch2parameter in the SETUDPUCFGDATAcommand)

Editorial change None None




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Change Type Change Description Parameter ChangeFeature change Added functions related to

the AMRC feature. Fordetails, see the followingsections:l 6.4 AMRC Based on

TFO/TrFOl 6.5 Symmetric Uplink

and Downlink Rate Setsover the Air Interfacefor AMR Services

For details, see thecorresponding sections.

Editorial change Changed the order of stepsfor activating the AMRCfeature. For details, seeUsing MML Commands.

None


Change Type Change Description Parameter ChangeFeature change Added the speech quality

assessment function and thespeech quality maintenancefunction. For details, see 7Speech Quality Assessmentand Maintenance.

None

Editorial change Optimized the documentstructure and description.

None

RAN16.0 Draft A (2014-01-20)Compared with Issue 04 (2013-12-30) of RAN15.0, Draft A (2014-01-20) of RAN16.0 includesthe following changes.



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ChangeType

Change Description ParameterChange

Featurechange

Added the application of the following functions forcombined services: AMRC based on LDR and uplinkAMRC based on link stability. For details, see sectionAMRC Based on LDR and section AMRC Based onLink Stability.

Added thefollowingswitches underthe CsSwitch(BSC6900,BSC6910)parameter:CS_COMB_NAMRC_SWITCH andCS_COMB_WAMRC_SWITCH

Added the descriptions of the function of AMR-WB SFreconfiguration based on LDR triggered by codecongestion. For details, see section AMRC Based onLDR and section Feature Deployment.

Added thefollowing switchunder theCsSwitch(BSC6900,BSC6910)parameter:CS_WAMR_SF_RECONF_SWITCH

Added the descriptions of theCS_AMR_TRFO_CMP_SWITCH. For details, seesection Description and section Feature Deployment.

Added thefollowing switchunder theCsSwitch(BSC6900,BSC6910)parameter:CS_AMR_TRFO_CMP_SWITCH

Added the AMRC Rate Readjustment function. Fordetails about this function, see section AMRCSignaling and section Feature Deployment.

Added thefollowing switchunder theProcessSwitch(BSC6900,BSC6910)parameter:IUUP_RC_REPEAT_SWITCH



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ChangeType

Change Description ParameterChange

Editorialchange

Added the descriptions of optimization for AMRC-related parameters. For details, see section ParameterOptimization.

Added thefollowing switchunder theCsSwitch(BSC6900,BSC6910)parameter:CS_LDR_AMR_RATEUP_OPT_SWITCH

1.4 Differences Between Base Station TypesFeature Support by Macro, Micro, and LampSite Base Stations

FeatureID

Description

Supported byController(Y/N/NA)

Supported byMacro(Y/N/NA)

Supported by Micro(Y/N/NA)

LampSite

BSC6900

BSC6910

BTS3803E

BTS3902E

WRFD-010613

AMR-WB(Adaptive MultiRateWideBand)

Y Y Y Y Y Y

WRFD-020701

AMR/WB-AMRSpeechRatesControl

Y Y Y Y Y Y

WRFD-011600

TFO/TrFO

Y Y NA NA NA NA

NOTE

Y indicates that a feature is supported; N indicates that a feature is not supported; NA indicates that an NE isnot involved, that is, a feature does not require the support of the NE.



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The features described in this document are implemented in the same way on macro, micro, andLampSite base stations.



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2 Overview2.1 Background

UMTS voice services consist of the AMR service (CS voice) and the VoIP service (PS voice).The traditional voice bearer scheme is voice over DCH. With the technological developmentand the enhancement of bearer efficiency, HSPA/HSPA+ is being increasingly used for voicebearer.Table 2-1 describes the development of UMTS voice bearer technologies.

Table 2-1 Development of UMTS voice bearer technologiesProtocol Release CS Voice PS Voice3GPP Release 99 AMR-NB over DCH -3GPP Release 4 TFO, TrFO, and soft switch -3GPP Release 5 AMR-WB over DCH VoIP over DCH (IMS-based)3GPP Release 6 - VoIP over HSPA3GPP Release 7 - VoIP over HSPA+ (CPC)3GPP Release 8 AMR over HSPA/HSPA+ -

Table 2-2 compares different voice bearer technologies.

Table 2-2 Comparison between voice bearer technologiesItem AMR over

DCHAMR overHSPA/HSPA+

VoIP overHSPA/HSPA+

VoIP overDCH

Radio bearer R99 DCH HSPA/HSPA+ HSPA/HSPA+ DCH

WCDMA RANAMR Feature Parameter Description 2 Overview


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Item AMR overDCH

AMR overHSPA/HSPA+

VoIP overHSPA/HSPA+

VoIP overDCH

RNC ratecontrol

AMRC AMRC None None

RLC TM UM UM UMCN CS CS PS+IMS PS+IMSTerminal Ordinary

terminall Supports

HSPA/HSPA+.

l SupportsAMR overHSPA/HSPA+.

l SupportsHSPA/HSPA+.

l Supports theVoIP client.

Supports theVoIP client.

This document focuses on CS voice services that use the voice bearer technology of AMR overDCH. Such CS voice services are referred to as AMR services in this document. For detailsabout other voice services, see Voice over HSPA Feature Parameter Description.

2.2 IntroductionAMR services are 3G adaptive multi-rate voice services and can be classified into AMR-NBservices and AMR-WB services. By default, AMR services refer to AMR-NB services with amaximum rate of 12.2 kbit/s. The maximum rate of AMR-WB services is 23.85 kbit/s. To ensurethe quality of AMR services, the Tandem Free Operation/Transcoder Free Operation (TFO/TrFO) and AMR Rate Control (AMRC) functions are provided.

2.3 BenefitsAMR-WB services provide improved voice quality, especially in terms of voice naturalness.For details, see 4 Technical Description of AMR-WB Services.TFO/TrFO helps avoid voice quality deterioration caused by coding and decoding. In addition,TrFO helps save transmission resources. For details, see chapter 5 Technical Description ofTFO/TrFO.AMR/WB-AMR Speech Rates Control enables the RNC to dynamically adjust the speech ratesbased on radio resource congestion state and radio link state. This improves voice quality ofAMR services in high-traffic and weak-coverage scenarios. For details, see 6 TechnicalDescription of AMR/WB-AMR Speech Rates Control.

WCDMA RANAMR Feature Parameter Description 2 Overview


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3 Basic Principle3.1 AMR Radio Bearer Scheme

The CN sends the requests of setting up AMR services with the maximum rate of 12.2 kbit/sand AMR services with the maximum rate of 23.85 kbit/s to the RNC using RAB 0# and RAB1#, respectively, as described in the following table.

RABIndex

CNDomain

Traffic Class SourceStatisticsDescriptor

MaximumBit Rate(MBR)(kbit/s)

Direction

0 CS Conversational Speech 12.2 Downlink/Uplink1 CS Conversational Speech 23.85 Downlink/Uplink

Each RAB consists of three sub-flows: A, B, and C, as shown in the following figure. A has ahigher priority than B and C. The RNC sets up three RBs corresponding to the sub-flows andthese RBs are transmitted at the RLC layer in transparent transmission mode.

WCDMA RANAMR Feature Parameter Description 3 Basic Principle


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3.2 AMR Rate SetTo achieve better voice quality, the rates of AMR services can be adjusted based on the changeof radio environments. AMR-NB services and AMR-WB services have different rates and ratesets.

NOTE

AMR rate = (A + B + C)/20 ms, where A, B, and C stand for the size of voice data for each sub-flow. Voicehas a period close to 20 ms so voice is sampled and processed every 20 ms. The following is an example:12.2 kbit/s = (81+103+60) bits/20 ms.

AMR-NB Rate SetThe following table lists the rates of AMR-NB services and the bit number of each sub-flowcorresponding to each rate.

Table 3-1 Rates of AMR-NB servicesRate(kbit/s)

12.2 10.2 7.95 7.4 6.7 5.9 5.15 4.75 SID NoData(0)

Sub-flow A(bit)

81 65 75 61 58 55 49 42 39 0

Sub-flow B(bit)

103 99 84 87 76 63 54 53 0 0

Sub-flow C(bit)

60 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3GPP TS 28.062 provides 16 recommended configurations of the AMR-NB rate set on thewireless network. The recommended configurations are configurations 0 to 15 listed in Table3-2. Recommended configuration 1 or 7 is usually used on live networks to achieve optimalperformance and communication.

Table 3-2 Recommended configurations of the AMR-NB rate setSetting

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

12.2kbit/s

- (1) - - - - - 1 - - - - - - 1 1



10

Setting

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

10.2kbit/s

- - - - - - 1 - - - - - 1 1 - -

7.95kbit/s

- - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - 1 1

7.40kbit/s

- 1 - - 1 - - - - - 1 1 - - - -

6.70kbit/s

- - - 1 - - - - - 1 1 1 1 1 - -

5.90kbit/s

- 1 1 - - - - - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

5.15kbit/s

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

4.75kbit/s

1 1 - - - - - - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

OM F F F F F F F F F F F A F A F A

NOTE

l 1 indicates that a rate set contains the rate. (1) indicates that the rate is optional in a rate set. - indicatesthat a rate set does not contain the rate. Take recommended configuration 1 as an example. The rateset can be {12.2 kbit/s, 7.4 kbit/s, 5.9 kbit/s, 4.75 kbit/s} or {7.4 kbit/s, 5.9 kbit/s, 4.75 kbit/s}.

l A indicates that the TFO/TrFO mechanism is allowed to automatically optimize and modify the rateset during TFO/TrFO negotiation. F indicates that the optimization and modification are not allowed.Usually, F is used.



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AMR-WB Rate SetThe following table lists the rates of AMR-WB services and the bit number of each sub-flowcorresponding to each rate.

Table 3-3 Rates of AMR-WB servicesRate(kbit/s)

23.85 23.05 19.85 18.25 15.85 14.25 12.65 8.85 6.6 SID NoData(0)

Sub-flow A(bit)

72 72 72 72 72 72 72 64 54 40 0

Sub-flow B(bit)

405 389 325 293 245 213 181 113 78 0 0

Sub-flow C(bit)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3GPP TS 26.103 provides six recommended configurations of the AMR-WB rate set. Therecommended configurations are configurations 0 to 5 listed in Table 3-4. Recommendedconfiguration 0 or 4 is usually used on live networks to achieve optimal performance andcommunication.

Table 3-4 Recommended configurations of the AMR-WB rate setSetting

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

23.85kbit/s

- - - - 1 1 - - - - - - - - - -

15.85kbit/s

- - 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - -

12.65kbit/s

1 1 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - -



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Setting

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

8.85kbit/s

1 1 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - -

6.6kbit/s

1 1 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - -

OM F A F A F A - - - - - - - - - -

NOTE

l 1 indicates that a rate set contains the rate. - indicates that a rate set does not contain the rate. Takerecommended configuration 1 as an example. The rate set can be {6.6 kbit/s, 8.85 kbit/s, 12.65 kbit/s}.

l A indicates that the TFO/TrFO mechanism is allowed to automatically optimize and modify the rateset during TFO/TrFO negotiation. F indicates that the optimization and modification are not allowed.Usually, F is used.

3.3 AMR Rate ControlDefinition

The AMR Rate Control (AMRC) function enables the RNC or UE to dynamically choose a ratefrom controllable rate set during the AMR calls based on the changes in the radio environment.The AMRC function can adjust the rate in gradual or non-gradual mode. For example, in gradualmode, when the controllable rate set is {12.2 kbit/s, 7.4 kbit/s, 5.9 kbit/s, 4.75 kbit/s} and therate needs to be decreased, the rate is first decreased to 7.4 kbit/s, then to 5.9 kbit/s, and finallyto 4.75 kbit/s. While in non-gradual mode, the rate can be directly decreased to 4.75 kbit/s.The AMRC function in gradual mode is controlled byCS_AMRC_WB_RATE_ADJUST_GRADUALLY_SWITCH under the CsSwitch(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter for AMR-WB, or byPERFENH_NB_AMRC_UL_RATESET_EXT_SWITCH under the PerfEnhanceSwitch3(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter for AMR-NB.

Signaling ProcedureAMRC can be divided into uplink AMRC and downlink AMRC depending on the direction ofa data flow. The following figures show the signaling procedures for uplink and downlink AMRCrate adjustments.



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Figure 3-1 Signaling procedure for uplink AMRC

NOTE

The rate adjustment succeeds if the RNC does not receive a TFC CONTROL FAILURE message from theUE within the period of time specified by the AmrUlRateAdjTimerLen(BSC6900,BSC6910)/WAmrUlRateAdjTimerLen(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter after sending a TFC CONTROL message.

Figure 3-2 Signaling procedure for downlink AMRC

NOTE

The rate adjustment fails if the RNC receives a RATE CONTRAL NACK message from the CN or doesnot receive any message within the period of time specified by the DlModeChangeTimerLen(BSC6900,BSC6910) or DlModeChangeTimerLen(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter after sending a RATECONTROL message.

AMRC Controllable Rate SetIn the AMR rate set, the minimum rate is the guaranteed bit rate (GBR) and the maximum rateis the maximum bit rate (MBR). The MBR carried in the RAB assignment message sent by theCN is MBRRAB, and the MBR specified on the RNC LMT is MBRLMT.



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The AMRC controllable rate set is the collection of rates that can be selected during the rateadjustment. This collection includes all or part of rates in a rate set. The following figure showsthe generation process of an AMR controllable rate.

Figure 3-3 Generation process of an AMR controllable rate

1. The CN sends the RNC a RAB assignment message that carries a specified AMR rate set,the GBR, and the MBRRAB.

2. The LMT sends the MBRLMT to the RNC.3. The RNC calculates the AMRC controllable rate set, GBR, and MBR based on the

controllable rate selection algorithm in the following table. The AMRC controllable rateset can be used for the rate adjustment during the AMR call.

Table 3-5 AMRC controllable rate selection algorithmServiceType

Iu UPVersion

Link Direction AMRC Controllable Rate Set

AMR-NB 1 Downlink {GBR, MBR} Two rates are included inthis set and MBR = min {MBRRAB,MBRLMT}.

Uplink {GBR, MBR} Two rates are included inthis set and MBR = min {MBRRAB,MBRLMT}.

2 Downlink {GBR, ..., MBRRAB}



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ServiceType

Iu UPVersion

Link Direction AMRC Controllable Rate Set

Uplink l If the AMRC function adjusts therate in gradual mode, the {GBR, ...,MBRRAB} rate set that includes allthe rates carried in the RABassignment message is used. If thenumber of rates in this set is greaterthan 4, rates other than 4.75 kbit/s,5.9 kbit/s, 7.4 kbit/s, and 12.2 kbit/sare excluded from this set.

l If the AMRC function adjusts therate in non-gradual mode, the {GBR,MBRRAB} rate set is used.

AMR-WB 1 Downlink {GBR, MBR} Two rates are included inthis set and MBR = min {MBRRAB,MBRLMT}.

Uplink l If the AMRC function adjusts therate in gradual mode, the {GBR, ...,MBRRAB} rate set that includes allthe rates carried in the RABassignment message is used. If thenumber of rates in this set is greaterthan 4, rates other than 6.60 kbit/s,8.85 kbit/s, 12.65 kbit/s, 15.85 kbit/s, and 23.85 kbit/s are excluded fromthis set.


2 Downlink {GBR, ..., MBRRAB}

Uplink l If the AMRC function adjusts therate in gradual mode, the {GBR, ...,MBRRAB} rate set that includes allthe rates carried in the RABassignment message is used. If thenumber of rates in this set is greaterthan 4, rates other than 6.60 kbit/s,8.85 kbit/s, 12.65 kbit/s, 15.85 kbit/s, and 23.85 kbit/s are excluded fromthis set.




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4 Technical Description of AMR-WB ServicesThis chapter describes the WRFD-010613 AMR-WB feature.

IntroductionThe following figure shows the difference in the usable frequency band between AMR-WBservices and AMR-NB services.

Figure 4-1 Difference in the usable frequency band between AMR-WB services and AMR-NBservices

BenefitsCompared with AMR-NB services of similar rates, AMR-WB services provide better voicequality.

WCDMA RANAMR Feature Parameter Description 4 Technical Description of AMR-WB Services


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Figure 4-2 AMR-NB/WB MOS evaluated based on ITU-T P.863 (BLER=0%)

NOTE

l ITU-T P.862.1 and ITU-T P.863 are two mainstream standards for evaluating the mean opinion score(MOS). ITU-T P.862.1 can evaluate only the quality of AMR-NB voice services within the 4 kHzbandwidth. ITU-T P.863 was introduced in 2011 and can evaluate the quality of AMR-NB and AMR-WB services within the 8 kHz bandwidth. ITU-T P.863 increases the evaluation requirement, andtherefore the AMR-NB MOS evaluated based on ITU-T P.863 is lower than that evaluated based onITU-T P.862.1. On live networks, the same standard should be used for evaluating the benefits in MOSbefore and after the AMR-WB technology is used, and therefore ITU-T P.863 should be used.

l On live networks, the actual MOS is slightly lower than that shown in the preceding figure becauseBLER cannot be 0.

RestrictionsAMR-WB can take effect only when the CN, RAN, calling UE, and called UE support AMR-WB. Otherwise, AMR-NB is used.

NOTE

On live networks, when a UE that supports AMR-WB calls a UE that does not support AMR-WB, CNsfrom different vendors handle this situation in different ways. Generally, the CN reassigns the RAB to theUE that supports AMR-WB and the AMR call becomes an AMR-NB call.

Applications of AMR-WB ServicesOn live networks, AMR-WB services usually use the recommended rate set 0 (the maximumrate is 12.65 kbit/s) or 4 (the maximum rate is 23.85 kbit/s). The maximum rates of gold, silver,and copper users can be set by configuring the GoldMaxMode, SilverMaxMode, andCopperMaxMode parameters on the RNC.



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NOTE

AMR-WB services are under license control on the RNC and are not controlled by switch. The status ofthe license for AMR-WB services on the RNC must be consistent with the configuration of AMR-WBservices on the corresponding CN.



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5 Technical Description of TFO/TrFOThis chapter describes the WRFD-011600 TFO/TrFO feature.

Introduction1. Definition of TFO/TrFO

The TFO/TrFO function is used to prevent tandeming codecs in the traditional UE-UEcalling procedure. The corresponding feature is WRFD-011600 TFO/TrFO. For detailsabout TFO and TrFO, see 3GPP TS 28.062. Only the TrFO function is used on the RANside in the UMTS network and TFO/TrFO in this document refers to TrFO.As shown in the following figure, the traditional UE-UE calling procedure includes twocoding operations and two decoding operations. When the calling UE and the called UEuse the same AMR rate set, the TrFO function enables compressed speech frames to bedirectly transmitted between the two UEs, without the need for the second speech coding/decoding.

Figure 5-1 Codec operations after the TrFO function is enabled

2. Prerequisites for TFO/TrFOThe TFO/TrFO function takes effect only when the calling UE and the called UE use thesame AMR rate. To enable the rate adjustment between two UEs, Iu UP version 2 thatsupports bi-directional AMR rate adjustment between the RNC and CN must be used overthe Iu interface. Iu UP version 1 only supports the RNC sending AMR rate adjustmentrequests to the CN. For details about bi-directional AMR rate adjustment between the RNCand CN, see 3GPP TS 25.415.

WCDMA RANAMR Feature Parameter Description 5 Technical Description of TFO/TrFO


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Figure 5-2 Signaling procedures when Iu UP version 2 is used over the Iu interface

BenefitsThe following table uses AMR-NB services as an example and lists the TFO/TrFO gainsevaluated based on ITU-T P.862.1.

Table 5-1 AMR-NB TFO/TrFO MOS gains evaluated based on ITU-T P.862.1 (BLER=0%)Scenario

12.2kbit/s

10.2kbit/s

7.95kbit/s

7.4kbit/s

6.7kbit/s

5.9kbit/s

5.15kbit/s

4.75kbit/s

TrFO/TFOenabled

4.12 4.05 3.85 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.45 3.32

TrFO/TFOdisabled

3.95 3.88 3.61 3.55 3.42 3.33 3.16 3.01

NOTE

On live networks, the actual MOS is slightly lower than that listed in the preceding table because the BLERcannot be 0.

Restrictionsl If there are two or more rates in the current AMR rate set, it is recommended that the TFO/

TrFO function be enabled only when the AMRC function is enabled or disabled on all theRNCs. The TFO/TrFO function is not recommended if the AMRC function is enabled onlyon some RNCs because the rate of the calling UE may be different from that of the calledUE in this scenario.

l If the TFO/TrFO function is to be used between a UMTS UE and a GSM UE, the TFO/TrFO function must be supported on the GSM side. For the configuration of AMR-NBservices on the CN, it is recommended that only 12.2 kbit/s be included in the UMTS rateset and the enhanced full rate (EFR) be included in the GSM rate set. For details, see theimplementation strategy on the CN. If the preceding recommendation is not used and the



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GSM UE uses the half rate, one-way audio occurs on the GSM side when the UMTS UEdoes not respond to the uplink rate decrease request.

Applications of TFO/TrFOTo enable the TFO/TrFO function, select the CS_IUUP_V2_SUPPORT_SWITCH check boxunder the CsSwitch(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter in the SET UCORRMALGOSWITCHcommand on the RNC. The TFO/TrFO function takes effect for a cell only when the followingconditions are met.l The Iu UP version negotiated by the calling UE and CN is consistent with that negotiated

by the called UE and CN.l The AMR rate set negotiated by the calling UE and CN is consistent with that negotiated

by the called UE and CN.



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6 Technical Description of AMR/WB-AMRSpeech Rates Control

This chapter describes the WRFD-020701 AMR/WB-AMR Speech Rates Control feature.

WCDMA RANAMR Feature Parameter Description

6 Technical Description of AMR/WB-AMR Speech RatesControl


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6.1 OverviewThe AMRC function can be divided into the following types depending on the triggering reasons.For details about the definition of AMRC, see section 3.3 AMR Rate Control.l AMRC based on LDR

The RNC triggers rate adjustment based on the cell congestion state.When cell resources are congested, the AMRC reduces resources such as power, codes,and Iub bandwidth occupied by each AMR UE by reducing the rate of the UE. This enablesmore UEs to access the cell.

l AMRC based on link stabilityThe RNC triggers rate adjustment based on the link stability.When a UE is in a weak coverage area, the AMRC increases the coverage radius for theAMR UE by reducing its rate. This prevents call drops or the speech quality fromdeteriorating rapidly.

l AMRC based on TFO/TrFOThe RNC triggers rate adjustment based on the request of the peer RNC. Especially in thescenario when the peer RNC performs downlink AMRC based on LDR or link stability,the local RNC performs uplink AMRC as a response to the rate adjustment request fromthe peer RNC.When both the calling UE and called UE use TFO/TrFO, the local RNC and peer RNCshould support AMRC based on TFO/TrFO. Otherwise, if the peer RNC requests a ratedecrease but the local RNC cannot fulfill the task, the peer RNC will continue to use theoriginal rate. In this case, the AMRC function does not take effect.

NOTE

The local RNC receives an AMR rate adjustment request from the peer RNC only when the peerRNC triggers downlink AMRC. When the peer RNC triggers uplink AMRC, the peer RNC onlyneeds to interact with the UE.If the TFO/TrFO function is not enabled, the coder of the CN responds to the AMR rate adjustmentrequest sent from the peer RNC, and therefore the local RNC will not receive the request. If the TFO/TrFO function is enabled, the coder of the CN does not perform coding or decoding, and the CNtransfers the AMR rate adjustment request sent by the peer RNC to the local RNC. In this case, thelocal RNC handles the AMR rate adjustment request triggered by the peer RNC.

The application of AMRC is dependent on the UE and some UEs may have compatibility issuesduring uplink AMR rate adjustment. In this case, the MBR in the uplink AMR controllable rateset is the same as the GBR to disable the AMRC function. During downlink AMR rateadjustment, no special processing is performed on these UEs. For details about special processingfor UEs with compatibility issues, see Terminal Black List Feature Parameter Description.In scenarios of combined services, it is recommended that PS services be carried on DCHs andthe rates on DCHs be set to 8 kbit/s or 16 kbit/s. For details about this configuration, see EnhancedCombined Service Feature Parameter Description.

6.2 AMRC Based on LDRaWhen a cell enters the load reshuffling (LDR) state, the MBR is decreased to the GBR in theAMR controllable rate set. When the cell exits the LDR state, the MBR remains the same as the




24

GBR and will not be adjusted. For details about the LDR function, see Load Control FeatureParameter Description.When the AMRC function is used to decrease the rate of 23.85 kbit/s AMR-WB services,downlink code congestion can be relieved through downlink code reallocation. Whetherdownlink code reallocation is enabled is controlled by theCS_WAMR_SF_RECONF_SWITCH under the CsSwitch(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter.

6.3 AMRC Based on Link StabilityAMRC based on link stability enables the RNC to adjust the rate of AMR services according toevents received. For details about rate adjustment, see section 6.3.1 AMRC Performance. Fordetails about the events, see section 6.3.2 Link Stability Measurement.AMRC based on link stability takes effect only when the AMRQosPerform(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter in the SET UQOSACT command is set to ON and the AMRCfunction is enabled.

6.3.1 AMRC PerformanceAMRC based on link stability enables the RNC to adjust the rate of AMR services according toevents received. If the current rate is GBR before a rate decrease, the RNC performs an inter-frequency or inter-RAT handover.During uplink AMRC, after receiving a report for rate adjustment, if the RNC receives no reportfor stopping the rate adjustment before the timer specified by the AmrUlRateAdjTimerLen(BSC6900,BSC6910) or WAmrUlRateAdjTimerLen(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter expires,the RNC continues to perform rate adjustment. This avoids frequent rate adjustments. Thefollowing is an example of rate increase:1. After receiving a report on event 6B2 from a UE, the RNC increases the rate for the UE

and starts the rate adjustment timer at the same time.2. If the RNC receives a report on event 6A2 before the timer expires, the rate increase

succeeds and the RNC stops the timer.3. If the RNC does not receive a report on event 6A2 before the timer expires, the rate

adjustment fails and the RNC restarts the timer. Rate increase is performed continuallyuntil a report on event 6A2 is received.

During downlink AMRC, the RNC adjusts the rate only once after receiving a report for rateadjustment.The following table lists the basic principles of AMRC based on link stability.

Table 6-1 Basic principles of AMRC based on link stabilityDirection Event AMRC Enabled AMRC DisabledUplink(UE transmit power)

6D or 6A1 Decrease the rate. Ifthe current rate isGBR, startmeasurement forhandovers.

Inter-RAT or inter-frequency handover




25

Direction Event AMRC Enabled AMRC Disabled6B1 Stop decreasing the

rate-

6A2 Stop increasing therate

-

6B2 Increase the rate. Ifthe current rate isMBR, stopincreasing the rate.

-

Downlink(transmit power onDPDCH)

E1 Decrease the rate. Ifthe current rate isGBR, startmeasurement forhandovers.

Inter-RAT or inter-frequency handover

E2 Stop decreasing therate

-

F2 Stop increasing therate

-

F1 Increase the rate. Ifthe current rate isMBR, stopincreasing the rate.

-

Ea - Inter-RAT or inter-frequency handover

Eb - Inter-RAT or inter-frequency handover




26

NOTE

l Events 6A, 6B, F, and E are all measurement types defined in the 3GPP specifications. The digits andlower-case letters are used to distinguish between measurement sets of the same type. Measurementcontrol parameters (such as thresholds and hystereses) of different measurement sets can be deliveredand processed separately. For example, the RNC delivers two sets of measurement control parametersM1 and M2 to the UE. Then, event 6A reported by the UE based on M1 is considered as event 6A1and event 6A reported by the UE based on M2 is considered as event 6A2.

l Handover action is controlled by the follow switches.If the uplink AMR inter-frequency handover switch UlQosAmrInterFreqHoSwitch(BSC6900,BSC6910) or UlQosWAmrInterFreqHoSwitch(BSC6900,BSC6910) is set to YES, theRNC performs an inter-frequency handover.If the uplink AMR inter-RAT handover switch UlQosAmrInterRatHoSwitch(BSC6900,BSC6910) orUlQosWAmrInterRatHoSwitch(BSC6900,BSC6910) is set to YES, the RNC performs an inter-RAThandover.If the downlink AMR inter-frequency handover switch DlQosAmrInterFreqHoSwitch(BSC6900,BSC6910) or DlQosWAmrInterFreqHoSwitch(BSC6900,BSC6910) is set to YES, theRNC performs an inter-frequency handover.If the downlink AMR inter-RAT handover switch DlQosAmrInterRatHoSwitch(BSC6900,BSC6910) or DlQosWAmrInterRatHoSwitch(BSC6900,BSC6910) is set to YES, the RNCperforms an inter-RAT handover.If inter-frequency handover switches and inter-RAT handover switches are set to YES, inter-frequencymeasurement and inter-RAT measurement are started at the same time. Then, the RNC decides whetherto perform an inter-frequency or inter-RAT handover based on the first report received from the UE.

6.3.2 Link Stability MeasurementMeasurement for Event 6A1/6B1/6A2/6B2/6D

Triggering conditions for events 6A1, 6A2, 6B1, 6B2, and 6D are as follows:l If the UE transmit power is above the threshold of event 6A1 for a period of time specified

by UlAmrTrigTime6A1(BSC6900,BSC6910), event 6A1 is triggered.l If the UE transmit power is below the threshold of event 6B1 for a period of time specified

by UlAmrTrigTime6B1(BSC6900,BSC6910), event 6B1 is triggered.l If the UE transmit power is below the threshold of event 6B2 for a period of time specified

by UlAmrTrigTime6B2(BSC6900,BSC6910), event 6B2 is triggered.l If the UE transmit power is above the threshold of event 6A2 for a period of time specified

by UlAmrTrigTime6A2(BSC6900,BSC6910) event 6A2 is triggered.l If the UE transmit power is equal to the maximum transmit power for a period of time

specified by UlAmrTrigTime6D(BSC6900,BSC6910), event 6D is triggered.




27

Figure 6-1 Uplink events and the corresponding thresholds

Events 6A1, 6A2, 6B1, and 6B2 have different thresholds. These thresholds are determined bythe maximum uplink transmit power for conversational services and the relative threshold ofeach event. Delta_6a1, Delta_6b1, Delta_6a2, and Delta_6b2 are relative thresholds. Thethreshold of event 6D is the maximum transmit power of the UE, as shown in Figure 6-1.The thresholds are calculated using the following formulas:l Threshold of event 6A1 = MaxUlTxPowerforConv(BSC6900,BSC6910) - UlThd6A1

(BSC6900,BSC6910)l Threshold of event 6B1 = MaxUlTxPowerforConv(BSC6900,BSC6910) - UlThd6B1

(BSC6900,BSC6910)l Threshold of event 6A2 for the transmit power = MaxUlTxPowerforConv

(BSC6900,BSC6910) - UlThd6A2(BSC6900,BSC6910)l Threshold of event 6B2 = MaxUlTxPowerforConv(BSC6900,BSC6910) - UlThd6B2

(BSC6900,BSC6910)l Threshold of event 6D = MaxUlTxPowerforConv(BSC6900,BSC6910)

Measurement for Event E1/E2/F1/F2Triggering conditions for events E1, E2, F1, and F2 are as follows:l When the average transmit power of the DPDCH is above the threshold of event E1, event

E1 is triggered.l When the average transmit power of the DPDCH is below the threshold of event E2, event

E2 is triggered.l When the average transmit power of the DPDCH is below the threshold of event F1, event

F1 is triggered.




28

l When the average transmit power of the DPDCH is above the threshold of event F2, eventF2 is triggered.

Figure 6-2 Downlink events and the corresponding thresholds

Events E1, E2, F1, and F2 have different thresholds. These thresholds are determined by themaximum downlink DPDCH transmit power and the relative thresholds of each event. Delta_E1,Delta_E2, Delta_F1, and Delta_F2 are relative thresholds, as shown in Figure 6-2.The thresholds are calculated using the following formulas:l Threshold of event E1 = PPCPICH + RlMaxDlPwr(BSC6900,BSC6910) - DlThdE1

(BSC6900,BSC6910)l Threshold of event E2 = PPCPICH + RlMaxDlPwr(BSC6900,BSC6910) - DlThdE2

(BSC6900,BSC6910)l Threshold of event F1 = PPCPICH + RlMaxDlPwr(BSC6900,BSC6910) - DlThdF1

(BSC6900,BSC6910)l Threshold of event F2 = PPCPICH + RlMaxDlPwr(BSC6900,BSC6910) - DlThdF2

(BSC6900,BSC6910)PPCPICH is the power for P-CPICH. RlMaxDlPwr(BSC6900,BSC6910) is the power offsetrelative to P-CPICH.

Measurement for Event Ea/Ebl If the transmit power in the pilot field of the DPCCH is above the threshold of event Ea for

a period of time specified by DlAmrTrigTimeE(BSC6900,BSC6910), event Ea istriggered.




29

l If the transmit power in the pilot field of the DPCCH is below the threshold of event Ebfor a period of time specified by DlAmrTrigTimeE(BSC6900,BSC6910), event Eb istriggered.

The threshold of event Ea or Eb is calculated using the following formula:E threshold = Maximum DL power - Relative threshold + PO3l E threshold is the threshold of event Ea or Eb.l PO3 is the offset of the transmit power in the pilot field of the DPCCH relative to the

transmit power of the DPDCH and is specified by the PilotPo(BSC6900,BSC6910)parameter in the SET UFRC command.

l Relative threshold is the relative threshold of event Ea or Eb, specified by the parameterThdEa(BSC6900,BSC6910) or ThdEb(BSC6900,BSC6910), respectively.

l Maximum downlink power is the maximum downlink transmit power of DPDCHs and isspecified by the RlMaxDlPwr(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter in the ADDUCELLRLPWR command.

The NodeB periodically reports the measurement results of the transmit power to the RNC. Theperiod for the NodeB to report measurement results is specified by the parameterChoiceRptUnitForAmrE(BSC6900,BSC6910), TenMsecForAmrE(BSC6900,BSC6910), orMinForAmrE(BSC6900,BSC6910).

6.4 AMRC Based on TFO/TrFOAMRC based on TFO/TrFO is not controlled by a switch and is enabled by default when thefollowing features are enabled:l WRFD-011600 TFO/TrFOl WRFD-020701 AMR/WB-AMR Speech Rates Control

Signaling ProcedureFigure 6-3 shows the signaling procedure of the AMRC based on TFO/TrFO function.When the local RNC receives a RATE CONTROL message from the peer RNC, the local RNCadjusts the uplink rate if either of the following conditions is met:l The RATE CONTROL message contains a rate decrease request.l The RATE CONTROL message contains a rate increase request and all of the following

conditions are met: The local RNC needs to increase the uplink rate according to the local UE's transmit

power. The uplink load of the cell where the local UE is located is in the normal state. The Iub resources of the cell where the local UE is located are sufficient.

NOTE

If the local RNC determines not to adjust the uplink rate, it does not send a RATE CONTROL NACKmessage to the peer RNC by default. To enable the local RNC to send a RATE CONTROL NACKmessage to the peer RNC in this situation, select the PERFENH_AMRC_NACK_SWITCH checkbox under the PerfEnhanceSwitch3(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter.




30

Figure 6-3 Signaling procedure of the AMRC based on the TFO/TrFO function

Limitation on the Downlink Rate over the Air Interface for AMR Servicesl Limitation on the downlink rate over the air interface for AMR services

This function enables the RNC to limit the maximum downlink rate over the air interfacefor AMR services to the preset maximum downlink rate over the air interface, which isalways less than the maximum downlink rate assigned by the CN. Therefore, this functionhelps save cell resources and relieve cell congestion.The maximum rate over the air interface is configured on the local RNC by theGoldMaxMode, SilverMaxMode, or CopperMaxModeparameter for gold, silver, orcopper users, respectively.After this function is enabled, the following steps are performed to limit the maximumdownlink rate over the air interface for AMR services. Procedures in dotted boxes in Figure6-4 are introduced by this function.1. After an AMR service is set up, the local RNC initiates a RATE CONTROL procedure

to limit the maximum uplink rate of the peer UE to the maximum uplink rate of thelocal UE.




31

NOTE

The RESERVED_SWITCH_13_BIT7 check box under the RsvSwitch13 parameter in theSET UALGORSVPARA command specifies the time when the local RNC initiates the RATECONTROL procedure. The RESERVED_SWITCH_13_BIT7 check box under theRsvSwitch13 parameter in the SET UALGORSVPARA command specifies the time whenthe local RNC initiates the RATE CONTROL procedure. When this check box is selected, thelocal RNC initiates the RATE CONTROL procedure immediately after the RB SETUPprocedure is complete on the local end. However, there is a high probability that the rate of thepeer UE fails to be adjusted in this case, and the local RNC will re-initiate the RATE CONTROLprocedure after the AMR service is set up. When this check box is not selected, the local RNCinitiates the RATE CONTROL procedure only after the AMR service is set up and the rate ofthe peer UE is more likely to be successfully adjusted in this case.

2. After receiving a RATE CONTROL ACK message that indicates a successful rateadjustment, the local RNC initiates an RB reconfiguration procedure to modify thedownlink rate set of the local UE. All the rates reserved in the rate set are less than orequal to the maximum rate over the air interface.

NOTE

After receiving a RATE CONTROL ACK message that indicates a rate adjustment failure, thelocal RNC does not initiate an RB reconfiguration procedure to limit the maximum rate overthe air interface for AMR services.

Figure 6-4 Process of limiting the downlink rate over the air interface for AMR services

This function is controlled by the RESERVED_SWITCH_13_BIT3 check box under theRsvSwitch13 parameter in the SET UALGORSVPARA command. However, thisfunction does not take effect for the following UEs even if enabled:




32

UEs in the blacklist of the SPECUSER_WBAMR_RB_RECFG_LIMIT_SWITCHfunction UEs that set up AMR services and then are relocated to the local RNC through combined

hard handovers and SRNS relocation or inter-RAT relocationl Relocation after limitation on the downlink rate over the air interface for AMR services

For UEs on which the function of limitation on the downlink rate over the air interface forAMR services has taken effect, the rate set configured for the air interface may beinconsistent with that configured for the Iu interface. When such UEs are relocated, theDRNC obtains a rate set from the SRNC and another rate set from the CN. The inconsistencybetween the two rate sets will lead to relocation failures and call drops. When the RESERVED_SWITCH_13_BIT5 check box under the RsvSwitch13

parameter in the SET UALGORSVPARA command is selected, the inconsistencybetween the two rate sets can be properly handled. When the RESERVED_SWITCH_13_BIT6 check box under the RsvSwitch13

parameter in the SET UALGORSVPARA command is selected, UEs on which thefunction of limitation on the downlink rate over the air interface for AMR services hastaken effect can be relocated.

l Code resource saving after limitation on the downlink rate over the air interface for AMRservicesThe RNC-level parameter DlSaveCodeResourceSwitch(BSC6900,BSC6910) and cell-level parameter AllowedSaveCodeResource(BSC6900,BSC6910) control whether thecode-resource-saving mode is used for the downlink DPCH after the function of limitationon the downlink rate over the air interface for AMR services has taken effect. For single AMR-NB services, when initiating an RB reconfiguration procedure to limit

the rate, the RNC reconfigures the downlink SF (from SF128 to SF256) for AMRservices whose maximum rate is less than or equal to 7.95 kbit/s to save code resources. For combined services of an AMR-NB service and a PS service with a rate of 0 kbit/s

or PS over HSDPA service, the RESERVED_SWITCH_13_BIT30 check box underthe RsvSwitch13 parameter in the SET UALGORSVPARA command needs to beselected. After this check box is selected, when initiating an RB reconfigurationprocedure to limit the rate, the RNC reconfigures the downlink SF (from SF128 toSF256) for AMR services whose maximum rate is less than or equal to 5.9 kbit/s to savecode resources.

6.5 Symmetric Uplink and Downlink Rate Sets over the AirInterface for AMR Services

This function adjusts the uplink rate set to be the same as the downlink rate set, and thereforeavoids compatibility issues (such as relocation failures and call drops) caused by inconsistentuplink and downlink rate sets.After this function is enabled, the MBR will not be decreased to the GBR in the controllableuplink rate set for a cell in the LDR state. This function handles the uplink rate set as follows:l If the number of valid rates in the rate set (excluding SID and empty frames)delivered by

the CN is less than or equal to 4, the uplink rate set remains to be the same as the downlinkrate set.




33

NOTE

After this function is enabled, it takes effect no matter whether theCMP_CS_FIXED_RATE_WHEN_PS_EXIST_SWITCH is set to on or off.

l If the number of valid rates in the rate set (excluding SID and empty frames)delivered bythe CN is greater than 4, the uplink rate set can be different from the downlink rate set.

This function is controlled by the RESERVED_SWITCH_13_BIT8 check box under theRsvSwitch13 parameter in the SET UALGORSVPARA command and does not take effect forUEs in the blacklist of the AMRC function.If both this function and the function of limitation on the downlink rate over the air interface forAMR services are enabled, the maximum uplink and downlink rates over the air interface arelimited at the same time.




34

7 Speech Quality Assessment andMaintenance

Speech Quality AssessmentThe RNC uses the enhanced voice quality indicator (EVQI) to assess the speech quality.EVQI is calculated using the block error rate (BLER), bit error rate (BER), and speech rate. Itis used to measure the speech quality of AMR-NB and AMR-WB services. The smaller theBLER or BER, the larger the EVQI is. The larger the speech rate, the larger the EVQI is. Inaddition, if the one-way audio, garble noise, hard handover, or soft handover is detected whenEVQI is reported, the EVQI value will be reduced accordingly, and the reduced value is closerto the actual user experience and MOS.The value range of EVQI is 0 to 500, which corresponds to the MOS (0 to 5) evaluated basedon ITU-T P.863. Speech qualities indicated by the EVQI values can be divided into five levels:EXCELLENT, GOOD, ACCEPT, POOR, and BAD.To assess the speech quality of AMR services using EVQI, perform the following operations:l EVQI can be measured in both the uplink and downlink, which are controlled by

UL_EVQI_SWITCH and DL_EVQI_SWITCH under the PROCESSSWITCH5(BSC6900,BSC6910) parameter, respectively.

l EVQI can be measured every 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, or 12 seconds. Run the RNC MML commandSET UEVQIPARA to specify the measurement period of EVQI in the uplink. Run theRNC MML command SET UMRCTRL to specify the measurement period of EVQI inthe downlink because downlink BLER reported by the UE is required in the measurementof the downlink EVQI.

l The five levels (EXCELLENT, GOOD, ACCEPT, POOR, and BAD) can be determinedby configuring the parameters in the RNC MML command SET UEVQIPARA.

l The garble noise and one-way audio can be separately detected and measured. WhenRsvdSwitch2_Bit1 under the RsvdSwitch2 parameter in the SET UDPUCFGDATAcommand is selected, the one-way audio or garble noise will not be considered for EVQIevaluation, thereby reflecting the signal quality over the air interface more accurately.

Speech Quality MaintenanceThe RNC supports one-way audio detection for speech services both in the uplink and downlink.

WCDMA RANAMR Feature Parameter Description 7 Speech Quality Assessment and Maintenance


35

One-way audio means that only one party in a call can hear the voice. To enlarge the detectionrange, speech discontinuity experienced by the user is also considered as a one-way audio. It isconsidered that a one-way audio occurs when either of the following conditions is met:l The proportion of lost frames within three consecutive two seconds exceeds the threshold

(20% by default) in one direction.l The proportion of error frames within three consecutive two seconds exceeds the threshold

(20% by default) in one direction, and the number of consecutive error frames exceeds thethreshold (0 by default).

The RNC supports one-way audio detection for speech services both in the uplink and downlink.l To enable one-way audio detection for AMR-NB services, do as follows:

Run the RNC MML command SET URRCTRLSWITCH with theAMR_SILENT_DETECT_SWITCH check box under the FunctionSwitch parameterselected.

l To enable one-way audio detection for AMR-WB services, do as follows:Run the RNC MML command SET URRCTRLSWITCH with theAMRWB_SILENT_DETECT_SWITCH check box under the FunctionSwitchparameter selected.

l To start the one-way audio detection, do as follows:Determine the time by checking when a Connect message is received for a calling userfrom the CN, when a Connect ACK message is received for a called user from the CN, orwhen the migration is complete in user migration scenarios.In user migration scenarios where RESERVED_SWITCH_17_BIT4 under RsvSwitch17in the SET UALGORSVPARA command is selected, start the detection after the DRNCsends a Relocation Detect message when the incoming static relocation is performed, orafter the DRNC sends a Relocation ACK message when the incoming relocation with hardhandover and inter-RAT handovers are performed.

l To set the threshold of maximum allowable proportion of error or lost frames,run the RNC MML command SET UDPUCFGDATA with the SilentDetectThdparameter set to 20.

l To set the threshold of maximum allowable number of consecutive error frames,run the RNC MML command SET UDPUCFGDATA with theSilentContinueFrameThd parameter set to 0.

l After this parameter is set to ON, UE tracing is started once the RNC detects a one-wayaudio occurrence. This facilitates subsequent analysis.To enable the tracing function, run the RNC MML command SET UDPUCFGDATA withthe SilentTraceSwitch parameter set to ON.

WCDMA RANAMR Feature Parameter Description 7 Speech Quality Assessment and Maintenance


36

8 Related Features8.1 WRFD-010613 AMR-WBPrerequisite Features

l WRFD-020701 AMR/WB-AMR Speech Rates ControlIf the maximum rate for AMR-WB services is 23.85 kbit/s, the WRFD-020701 AMR/WB-AMR Speech Rates Control feature must be enabled.If the maximum rate for AMR-WBservices is 12.65 kbit/s, the WRFD-020701 AMR/WB-AMR Speech Rates Control featureis not required.

Mutually Exclusive FeaturesNone

Impacted Featuresl WRFD-011600 TFO/TrFO

To obtain the optimal voice quality, it is recommended that AMR-WB and TFO/TrFO beused together.

8.2 WRFD-011600 TFO/TrFOPrerequisite Features

l WRFD-020701 AMR/WB-AMR Speech Rates ControlIf there are two or more rates in the AMR rate set carried in the RAB assignment messagebefore TFO/TrFO is enabled, you need to enable WRFD-020701 AMR/WB-AMR SpeechRates Control when enabling WRFD-011600 TFO/TrFO.If there is only one rate in the AMR rate set carried in the RAB assignment message beforeTFO/TrFO is enabled, you can enable WRFD-011600 TFO/TrFO without enablingWRFD-020701 AMR/WB-AMR Speech Rates Control.

WCDMA RANAMR Feature Parameter Description 8 Related Features


37


Impacted FeaturesNone

8.3 WRFD-020701 AMR/WB-AMR Speech Rates ControlPrerequisite Features

None


Impacted FeaturesNone

WCDMA RANAMR Feature Parameter Description 8 Related Features


38

9 Network Impact9.1 WRFD-010613 AMR-WBSystem Capacity

AMR-NB services (12.2 kbit/s MBR), AMR-WB services (12.65 kbit/s MBR), and AMR-WBservices (23.85 kbit/s MBR) differ from one another in resource consumption and air interfacecapacity, as described in Table 9-1.When the maximum rate for AMR-WB services is 23.85 kbit/s, WRFD-020701 AMR/WB-AMR Speech Rates Control needs to be enabled so that the rate can be decreased when resourcesare insufficient.

Table 9-1 Comparison of the three types of services in resource consumption and air interfacecapacity

Item AMR-NB (12.2kbit/s)

AMR-WB (12.65kbit/s)


Downlink code SF128 SF128 SF64Uplink CE 1 1 1.5Relative proportionof UEs in case ofuplink loadcongestion

100% 90% 60%

Relative proportionof UEs in case ofdownlink powercongestion

100% 90% 55%

WCDMA RANAMR Feature Parameter Description 9 Network Impact


39

Network PerformanceAMR-NB services (12.2 kbit/s MBR), AMR-WB services (12.65 kbit/s MBR), and AMR-WBservices (23.85 kbit/s MBR) differ from one another in coverage radius, as described in Table9-2.With the same downlink transmit power, the cell coverage for 23.85 kbit/s AMR-WB servicesis smaller than that for 12.2 kbit/s AMR-NB services, and as a result the call drop rate for 23.85kbit/s AMR-WB services is higher. Therefore, WRFD-020701 AMR/WB-AMR Speech RatesControl needs to be enabled together with 23.85 kbit/s AMR-WB services so that the rate canbe decreased in limited coverage scenarios.When a UE that supports AMR-WB calls a UE that does not support AMR-WB, RABs areassigned twice (first for AMR-WB and then for AMR-NB) during the call and the call drop rateincreases.

NOTE

To prevent the CN from assigning RABs twice in the preceding scenario, it is recommended that the CNassigns the RAB for the called party before assigning the RAB for the calling party.

Table 9-2 Comparison of the relative coverage proportion between AMR-WB services andAMR-NB services

Item AMR-NB (12.2kbit/s)



Uplink coverageradius in case oflimited uplinkcoverage

100% 96% 87%

9.2 WRFD-011600 TFO/TrFOSystem Capacity

No impact.

Network PerformanceNo impact.

9.3 WRFD-020701 AMR/WB-AMR Speech Rates ControlSystem Capacity

This feature increases the number of admitted UEs when uplink load congestion or downlinkpower congestion occurs. The following table compares the relative proportion of admitted UEswhen different types of services are processed.



40

Table 9-3 Comparison of the relative proportion of admitted UEs when different types ofservices are processed

Item AMR-NB(12.2kbit/s)

AMR-NB(7.95kbit/s)

AMR-NB(4.75kbit/s)

AMR-WB(6.6kbit/s)

AMR-WB(8.85kbit/s)

AMR-WB(12.65kbit/s)

AMR-WB(15.85kbit/s)

AMR-WB23.85(kbit/s)

Relativeproportion ofadmitted UEsin caseofuplinkloadcongestion

100% 122% 155% 120% 107% 90% 77% 60%

Relativeproportion ofadmitted UEsin caseofdownlink loadcongestion

100% 120% 149% 133% 109% 90% 73% 55%

Network PerformanceThis feature provides noticeable uplink coverage gains, which improves the experience of celledge users.The following table compares the relative coverage proportion when different types of servicesare processed.



41

Table 9-4 Comparison of relative coverage proportion when different types of services areprocessed

Item AMR-NB(12.2kbit/s)

AMR-NB(7.95kbit/s)

AMR-NB(4.75kbit/s)

AMR-WB(6.6kbit/s)

AMR-WB(8.85kbit/s)

AMR-WB(12.65kbit/s)

AMR-WB(15.85kbit/s)

AMR-WB23.85(kbit/s)

Uplinkcoverage radiusin caseoflimiteduplinkcoverage

100% 109% 117% 106% 103% 96% 94% 87%

Other ImpactsTo enable this feature, UEs must support AMRC. If some UEs have compatibility issues withAMRC, add these UEs to the AMRC blacklist. For details, see Terminal Black List FeatureParameter Description.



42

10 Engineering Guidelines10.1 WRFD-010613 AMR-WB (Adaptive Multi Rate WideBand)10.1.1 When to Use This Feature

The AMR-WB feature helps improve the speech quality and user experience. You are advisedto observe the following rules when using this feature:l Use the AMR-WB rate set numbered 0 or 4. When AMR-WB rate set 4 (with the maximum

rate 23.85 kbit/s) is used, the WRFD-020701 AMR/WB-AMR Speech Rates Controlfeature must be enabled to adaptively decrease the rate of AMR-WB services in the caseof resource insufficiency or coverage limitation.

l Use this feature together with the WRFD-011600 TFO/TrFO feature to achieve the optimalAMR-WB voice effect.

l EVQI can be used to monitor the speech quality of AMR-WB services. It is recommendedthat EVQI be enabled before the WRFD-011600 TFO/TrFO feature. For details about howto enable EVQI, see chapter 7 Speech Quality Assessment and Maintenance.

10.1.2 Information to Be CollectedNone

10.1.3 Network PlanningNone

10.1.4 Feature Deployment

WCDMA RANAMR Feature Parameter Description 10 Engineering Guidelines


43

Requirements

Related FeaturesFor details, see section 8.1 WRFD-010613 AMR-WB

HardwareNone

LicenseFor details about how to activate a license, see License Management Feature ParameterDescription.

Feature ID FeatureName

LicenseControlItem ID

LicenseControlItemName

NE LicenseAllocationforMultipleOperators

SalesUnit

WRFD-010613

AMR-WB LQW1WBAMR01RES

AMR-WB(AdaptiveMulti RateWide Band)(per Erl)

BSC6900BSC6910

Method 1# PerErl

If the RAN Sharing or Multi-Operator Core Network (MOCN) feature is enabled, the licenseneeds to be allocated to primary and secondary operators according to the method in the "LicenseAllocation for Multiple Operators" column.Method 1: It is recommended that the license allocation proportion of a feature be consistentwith that of the license item "Voice Erlang-Erlang". You can run the RNC MML command SETLICENSE with the FeatureResAssignMode parameter set to AutoAssign for automaticallocation or with the FeatureResAssignMode parameter set to ManualAssign and license-ratedparameters specified for manual allocation.

Othersl The AMR-WB feature is enabled on the CN side. In addition, the CN should send the RAB

assignment message to the called party prior to the calling party. Otherwise, when a UEsupporting AMR-WB (calling party) makes a call to a UE supporting AMR-NB, the CNsends two RAB assignment messages to the calling party.

l Enable the AMR-WB feature on the RNC side and then on the CN side.l UEs must comply with versions later than 3GPP Release 5 and support this feature.



44

Data PreparationParameter Name Parameter ID Setting

DescriptionSource

Max Mode OfWideband AMRC forGolden Users

GoldMaxMode(BSC6900,BSC6910)

The recommendedvalue isWBAMR_BITRATE_23.85K. If themaximum bit rateconfigured for thelive network is 12.65kbit/s, therecommended valueisWBAMR_BITRATE_12.65K.

Radio planning

Max Mode ofWideband AMRC forSilver Users

SilverMaxMode(BSC6900,BSC6910)


Radio planning

Max Mode ofWideband AMRC forCopper Users

CopperMaxMode(BSC6900,BSC6910)


Radio planning

Neighboring RNCSupporting WB-AMR Indication

WAmrSuppInd(BSC6900,BSC6910)

Set the parameterbased on the actualsituation.

Radio planning

PrecautionsNone



45

Activation

Using MML CommandsStep 1 Run the RNC MML command SET UAMRCWB to set RNC-level AMR-WB speech rates for

gold, silver, and copper users.Step 2 (Optional) Run the RNC MML command ADD UCELLAMRCWB to set cell-level AMR-WB

speech rates for gold, silver, and copper users.Step 3 Run the RNC MML command MOD UNRNC and specify the WAmrSuppInd parameter based

on the actual situation to configure whether a neighboring RNC supports AMR-WB services.Step 4 Run the RNC MML command MOD UTYPRABSEMISTATICTF with RabIndex set to 1,

SubflowIndex to 0, and UlRateMatchingAttr and DlRateMatchingAttr to 127.Step 5 Run the RNC MML command MOD UTYPRABSEMISTATICTF with RabIndex set to 1,

SubflowIndex to 1, and UlRateMatchingAttr and DlRateMatchingAttr to 127.Step 6 Run the RNC MML command LST UTYPRAB with RabIndex set to 1 and then check the

value of MaxBitRate in the command output.l Run the RNC MML command LST UTYPRAB with RabIndex set to 1 and then check the

value of MaxBitRate in the command output. If the value of MaxBitRate is 23850, run theRNC MML command MOD UTYPRABBASIC with RabIndex set to 1, BetaC to 10, andBetaD to 15.

l If the value of MaxBitRate is 12650, run the RNC MML command MODUTYPRABBASIC with RabIndex set to 1, BetaC to 12, and BetaD to 15.

Step 7 Set the maximum downlink transmit power for 23.85 kbit/s AMR-WB services. Run the RNCMML command MOD UCELLRLPWR with RlMaxDlPwr set to 30. RlMaxDlPwr indicatesthe maximum transmit power for 23.85 kbit/s AMR-WB services.----End

MML Command Examples//Setting RNC-level parameters related to the wideband AMRC algorithmSET UAMRCWB: GoldMaxMode=WBAMR_BITRATE_23.85K, SilverMaxMode=WBAMR_BITRATE_23.85K, CopperMaxMode=WBAMR_BITRATE_23.85K;//(Optional) Adding cell-level parameters related to the wideband AMRC algorithmADD UCELLAMRCWB: CellId=111, GoldMaxMode=WBAMR_BITRATE_23.85K, SilverMaxMode=WBAMR_BITRATE_23.85K, CopperMaxMode=WBAMR_BITRATE_23.85K;//Disabling the AMR-WB for the neighboring RNCMOD UNRNC: NRncId=xx, WAmrSuppInd=YES;//Setting the rate matching attributes of AMR-WB subflow AMOD UTYPRABSEMISTATICTF: RabIndex=1, SubflowIndex=0, UlRateMatchingAttr=127, DlRateMatchingAttr=127;//Setting the rate matching attributes of AMR-WB subflow BMOD UTYPRABSEMISTATICTF: RabIndex=1, SubflowIndex=1, UlRateMatchingAttr=127, DlRateMatchingAttr=127;//Setting power control parameters for AMR-WB services//Setting BetaC and BetaD as follows if the value of MaxBitRate is 23850 in the output of the LST UTYPRAB command with RabIndex set to 1:MOD UTYPRABBASIC: RabIndex=1, BetaC=10, BetaD=15;//Setting BetaC and BetaD as follows if the value of MaxBitRate is 12650 in the output of the LST UTYPRAB command with RabIndex set to 1MOD UTYPRABBASIC: RabIndex=1, BetaC=12, BetaD=15;//Setting the maximum downlink transmit power for 23.85 kbit/s AMR-WB servicesMOD UCELLRLPWR: CellId=XX, CNDomainId=CS_DOMAIN, MaxBitRate=23850, RlMaxDlPwr=30;



46

Using the CMENOTE

When configuring the feature on the CME, perform a single configuration first, and then perform a batchmodification if required. Configure the parameters of a single object before a batch modification. Performa batch modification before logging out of the parameter setting interface.

1. Configure a single object on the CME.Set parameters on the CME according to the operation sequence in Table 10-1. Forinstructions on how to perform the CME single configuration, see CME SingleConfiguration Operation Guide.

2. (Optional) Modify objects in batches on the CME. (CME batch modification center)To modify objects in batches, click on the CME to start the batch modification wizard.For instructions on how to perform a batch modification through the CME batchmodification center, press F1 on the wizard interface to obtain online help.

Table 10-1 Configuring the parameters on the CMESN MO NE Parameter

NameParameterID

Configurable inCMEBatchModification Center

1 UAMRCWB

RNC Max ModeOfWidebandAMRC forGoldenUsers

GoldMaxMode

Yes

Max ModeofNarrowband AMRC forSilver Users

SilverMaxMode

Max ModeofNarrowband AMRC forCopperUsers

CopperMaxMode

2 UCELLAMRCWB

RNC Cell ID CellId Yes



47

SN MO NE ParameterName

ParameterID


Max ModeOfWidebandAMRC forGoldenUsers

GoldMaxMode

Max ModeofNarrowband AMRC forSilver Users

SilverMaxMode

Max ModeofNarrowband AMRC forCopperUsers

CopperMaxMode

3 UNRNC RNC Neighboring RNC ID

NRncId Yes

Neighboring RNCSupportingWB-AMRIndication

WAmrSuppInd

4 UTYPRABSEMISTATICTF

RNC Serviceparameterindex

RabIndex Yes

Servicesubflowindex

SubflowIndex

UL ratematchingattribute

UlRateMatchingAttr

DL ratematchingattribute

DlRateMatchingAttr



48

SN MO NE ParameterName

ParameterID


5 UTYPRABBASIC

RNC Serviceparameterindex

RabIndex Yes

ReferenceBetaC

BetaC

ReferenceBetaD

BetaD

6 UCELLRLPWR

RNC Cell ID CellId YesCN domainID

CNDomainId

Max bit rateof service

MaxBitRate

RL Max DLTX power

RlMaxDlPwr

Activation Observation1. On the RNC LMT, open the Monitor tab page. In the navigation tree, choose Monitor >

UMTS Monitoring and double-click Connection Performance Monitoring. In thedisplayed dialog box, set Monitor Item to AMR Mode and specify IMSI.

2. On the RNC LMT, open the Trace tab page. In the navigation tree, choose Trace > UMTSServices and double-click Uu Interface Trace. In the displayed dialog box, specify theRNC ID and cell ID, as shown in Figure 10-1.



49

Figure 10-1 Uu interface tracing

3. Get ready two UEs that support AMR-WB: UE 1 and UE 2. Use UE 1 to call UE 2 to verifythat calls are being successfully established.

4. Ensure that an AMR-WB rate, such as 23.85 kbit/s or 12.65 kbit/s is displayed in theConnection Performance Monitoring dialog box, as shown in Figure 10-2.



50

Figure 10-2 AMR mode

DeactivationThis feature is not under switch control. You can deactivate this feature by deactivating itslicense.

Using MML CommandsNone

MML Command ExamplesNone

Using the CMENone

10.1.5 Performance Monitoring1. Penetration of UEs that support AMR-WB services

The VS.AttCall.UECapab.AMRWB counter measures the number of calls initiated by UEsthat support AMR-WB services in a cell.

2. Impact of AMR-WB on SF resource occupancyThe VS.RAB.SFOccupy counter measures the average SF occupancy in a cell.

3. Impact of AMR-WB on power resource consumption



51

The VS.MeanTCP counter measures the transmitted carrier power (TCP) in a cell.4. RAB setup success rate of AMR-WB services

The VS.RAB.AttEstabCS.AMRWB and VS.RAB.SuccEstabCS.AMRWB countersmeasure the RAB setup success rate of AMR-WB services in a cell.

5. Call drop rate of AMR-WB servicesThe VS.RAB.NormRel.AMRWB and VS.RAB.AbnormRel.AMRWB counters can beused to calculate the call drop rate of AMR-WB services.

6. Speech quality of AMR-WB servicesl Use an MOS tester that supports ITU-T P.863 to measure the MOSs before and after

the AMR-WB feature is enabled.NOTE

The MOS is affected by instruments, voice samples, and evaluation standards (such as P.862/P.863). Therefore, ensure that the same instruments, voice samples, and evaluation standards areused before and after the AMR-WB feature is enabled.

l Monitor the values of the following EVQI-related counters to evaluate the speechquality of AMR services after the AMR-WB feature is enabled.

Counter Name Counter DescriptionVS.EVQI.AMRWB.UL.Excellent.Num Number of Times the Uplink EVQI of

AMR-WB Services Is EXCELLENTVS.EVQI.AMRWB.UL.Good.Num Number of Times the Uplink EVQI of

AMR-WB Services Is GOODVS.EVQI.AMRWB.UL.Accept.Num Number of Times the Uplink EVQI of

AMR-WB Services Is ACCEPTVS.EVQI.AMRWB.UL.Poor.Num Number of Times the Uplink EVQI of

AMR-WB Services Is POORVS.EVQI.AMRWB.UL.Bad.Num Number of Times the Uplink EVQI of

AMR-WB Services Is BADVS.EVQI.AMRWB.DL.Excellent.Num Number of Times the Downlink EVQI of

AMR-WB Services Is EXCELLENTVS.EVQI.AMRWB.DL.Good.Num Number of Times the Downlink EVQI of

AMR-WB Services Is GOODVS.EVQI.AMRWB.DL.Accept.Num Number of Times the Downlink EVQI of

AMR-WB Services Is ACCEPTVS.EVQI.AMRWB.DL.Poor.Num Number of Times the Downlink EVQI of

AMR-WB Services Is POORVS.EVQI.AMRWB.DL.Bad.Num Number of Times the Downlink EVQI of

AMR-WB Services Is BAD

10.1.6 Parameter OptimizationNone



52

10.1.7 TroubleshootingNone

10.2 WRFD-011600 TFO/TrFO10.2.1 When to Use This Feature

The TFO/TrFO feature reduces the number of speech coding/decoding on the CN side, therebyimproving the end-to-end speech quality.The TFO/TrFO feature can improve the speech quality of both AMR-NB and AMR-WBservices.

10.2.2 Information to Be CollectedNone

10.2.3 Network PlanningNone

10.2.4 Feature Deployment

Requirements

Related FeaturesFor details, see section 8.2 WRFD-011600 TFO/TrFO

HardwareNone

LicenseFor details about how to activate a license, see License Management Feature ParameterDescription.

Feature ID FeatureName

LicenseControlItem ID

LicenseControlItemName

NE LicenseAllocationforMultipleOperators

SalesUnit

WRFD-011600

TFO/TrFO LQW1TFOTRF01

TFO/TrFO BSC6900BSC6910

Method 6 PerErl



53

If the RAN Sharing or MOCN feature is enabled, the license needs to be allocated to primaryand secondary operators according to the method in the "License Allocation for MultipleOperators" column.Method 6: If the RAN Sharing feature is enabled, a feature need

amr(ran16.0_03)

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