Amtrak and Greenhouse Gas Emissions

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Summary

• Overview

• Energy

• Emissions

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Transportation-related Carbon Dioxide Emissions

61%20%

1%

10%

3%

3%

2%Autos & Light-dutyTrucksOther Trucks

Busses

Aircraft

Ships and Boats

Locomotives

Other

Amtrak and the Environment• Energy

– Amtrak’s focus is on development of fast, frequent and energy-efficient “corridor service” over shorter routes (< 500 miles)

– Amtrak is experiencing a traffic boom – and it has moved more passengers while cutting energy use by almost 19%

– On a passenger-mile basis, Amtrak is 17% more efficient than domestic airline travel and 21% more efficient than auto travel

• Emissions

– The transportation industry emits about 28% of America’s carbon output

– Passenger railroads (intercity and commuter) are one of the cleanest forms of transportation, emitting only 0.2% of the transportation industry’s greenhouse gasses

– Amtrak has long been an industry leader in environmental initiatives, and was an early member of the Chicago Climate Exchange

– Amtrak’s plan to cut its emissions by 2010 is the largest voluntary proportional reduction in the United States

Source: EPA Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gasses and Sinks, 1990-2005

“Locomotives” includes both freight and passenger emissions

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Global Climate Change and the Transportation Sector

• As policymakers address the issue of climate change, there will be a heightened effort to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions

– Thirty-six states have climate action plans completed or in progress

– There are approximately 150 emissions-related federal legislative proposals (57 Senate/ 90 House)

• Some policy makers are calling for an 80% reduction in CO2 emissions by 2050.

• About 28% of greenhouse gas emissions come from the transportation sector. Highway travel generates 75% of carbon emissions and consumes 75% of total sector energy use.

• Energy efficiency is the lowest-cost alternative to developing low-carbon and zero-carbon alternative fuels

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Global Climate Change and the Transportation Sector

• Air transportation produces significant levels of CO2. Emissions effects are greater at high altitudes.

• Airliner fuel use triples during the takeoff climb, and sometimes in descent, making short distance trips inefficient

• Rail travel could efficiently replace short distance air travel and longer distance highway trips, while reducing greenhouse gas emissions

• Adopt policies that reward and encourage energy efficient, low-emissions transportation modes like passenger rail

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Amtrak’s place in domestic transportation

• Amtrak is the nation’s principal intercity rail passenger carrier

– Operates 21,000 route-miles of service in 46 states

– Carried over 24 million riders in FY 06

– Amtrak operations parallel I-95 north of Richmond, and serve the same localities as six of the ten most congested airports in the U.S.

– Amtrak service parallels I-5 between Portland, Seattle, Los Angeles and San Diego

• Amtrak’s electrified line between Washington, DC and New York City carries more passengers between those two cities than all of the air carriers combined

• Auto-Train service between Virginia and Florida literally removes 105,439 cars per year from the I-95 corridor (train carries cars and passengers)

• Amtrak’s development strategy envisions partnerships with state governments to develop fast, frequent service over corridors of fewer than 500 miles

– Could replace the least efficient and most polluting airline services

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Amtrak’s National System

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Top Ten Corridors by Ridership, FY 2002-2006

Corridor Ridership (2002-6) Length 2002-2006 Change YTD Change

DC-NYC-Boston 46,622,654 457 mi +3.2% +6.3%

San Diego- 11,427,543 128 mi +54.1% +1.6%San Luis Obispo

Capitol (San-Jose- 5,908,322 133 mi +17% +14.3%Sacramento)

New York-Albany 4,521,811 141 mi +3.2% +4.7%

Oakland-Bakersfield 3,811,284 318 mi +8.9% -0.4%

Phil.-Harrisburg 3,379,198 104 mi +40.4% +20.0%

Vancouver-Eugene 3,017,673 187 mi +8.3% +8.3%

Chicago-Milwaukee 2,387,377 86 mi +43.6% +2.7%

Washington- 2,141,799 187 mi -7.6% -0.7%Newport News

Chicago-Pontiac 1,837,415 281 mi +46.3% +2.7%

Green highlight indicates corridor is also one of the ten fastest-growing corridors in FY 07

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What does it take to move one person one mile?

Amtrak is 17% more efficient than domestic airline travel

Amtrak is 21% more efficient than automobile travel

All data as of 2005; U.S. DoE, “Transportation Energy Data Book,” 26 th Edition

All measures are in British Thermal Units of energy per passenger mile

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Energy Intensity by Travel Mode, 2004

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

Auto PersonalTrucks

TransitBusses

CommercialAviation

Amtrak Transit Rail CommuterRail

Mode

BT

U p

er P

asse

ng

er M

ileComparative Energy Intensities

Source: U.S. DoE, “Transportation Energy Data Book, Edition 26 – 2007”

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Amtrak reconciles efficiency and growth

Energy Used (trillions of BTUs)

1313.5

1414.5

1515.5

1616.5

1717.5

2002 2003 2004 2005

Year

Tri

llio

ns

of

BT

Us

NOTE: Ridership for all years restated to reflect NJ Transit assumption of NJ/NY Clocker trains in FY05.

Total Ridership

20,000,00020,500,00021,000,00021,500,00022,000,00022,500,00023,000,00023,500,00024,000,00024,500,000

2002 2003 2004 2005

Year

Nu

mb

er o

f R

ider

s

Source: U.S. DoE, “Transportation Energy Data Book, Edition 26 – 2007” Amtrak has effected a significant reduction in its energy consumption while increasing ridership

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Amtrak and Climate Change

• Amtrak has a longstanding interest in innovative methods for combating global warming

– Amtrak joined the Chicago Climate Exchange (CCX) in 2003, the year it began trading emissions

– Amtrak passengers will soon be able to purchase carbon offsets with internet ticket purchases

• Realized efficiencies also reduce emissions– Diesel fuel economies translate into greenhouse gas reductions

– Climate exchanges allow Amtrak to convert reductions into capital funds, enabling further improvements and efficiencies

• Amtrak is committed to the largest voluntary proportional emissions reduction plan in the United States (Source: CCX)

• Advanced rail technologies could further reduce emissions– Eurostar estimates that an electrified high speed train emits between 1/10 and

¼ of the carbon dioxide of a plane.

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Emissions Comparisons

Calculations made with 2006 data provided by the World Resources Institute

Kilograms of Carbon Dioxide Per Passenger Mile

0.210.18 0.35

00.050.1

0.150.2

0.250.3

0.350.4

Amtrak Automobile Airplane

Mode of Transportation

Kg

of

CO

2 E

mit

ted

Auto data assumes single occupancy.Aircraft data includes radiative forcing from high altitude release.

Backup Slides

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Amtrak has significantly reduced fossil fuel use

Amtrak reduced its diesel fuel use by almost 15% between 1999 and 2006

Diesel Fuel use (Millions of Gallons)

0

20

40

60

80

100

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Year

Mill

ion

s o

f G

allo

ns

of

Fu

el

In July 2003, Amtrak ended its contract with the MBTA Commuterservices in Massachsuetts, which accounted for approximately 11 million gallons of diesel fuel per year.

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Amtrak’s voluntary commitment to emissions reduction

• Amtrak is committed to a phased reduction in its diesel emissions levels

• The baseline for the reduction is an average of 1998-2001 emissions levels

1998 787,631

1999 821,259

2000 817,790

2001 776,077

Average of baseline years 800,689

2003 872,300 (actual: 846,100)

2004 810,000 (actual: 731,400)

2005 801,700 (actual: 723,600)

2006 793,400 (actual: 668,157)

Fiscal YearEmissions Commitment in Metric

Tons of CO2

Note: 2002 not an inventory year; part of pre- 2004 emissions due to a since-discontinued MBTA commuter contract

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Planned reductions will be a phased process

Fiscal Year Percentage of Baseline Reduction

2003 1%

2004 2%

2005 3%

2006 4%

2007 4½ %

2008 5 %

2009 5½ %

2010 6%

PH

AS

E I

PH

AS

E I

I

Largest percentage reduction of any voluntary commitment in the United States (Source: CCX)

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45%56% 50% 50% 51% 55% 54% 54%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

FY 01 FY 02 FY 03 FY 04 FY 05 FY 06 1Q FY07

2Q FY07

Air

Rail

South End of the NEC Air/Rail Shares (NYC-DC)

Source: Air-Rail Shares Report

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27%41% 35% 39% 38% 36% 38% 39%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

FY 01 FY 02 FY 03 FY 04 FY 05 FY 06 1Q FY07

2Q FY07

Air

Rail

North End of the NEC Air/Rail Shares (Boston-NYC)

Source: Air-Rail Shares Report

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Proposed Corridors

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Corridor Change from FY06 Length Ridership Frequency

Chicago-Carbondale +66.3% 310mi 208,723 6

Chicago-St. Louis +54.7% 284mi 373,036 10

Chicago-Quincy +40.8% 258mi 154,743 6

Chicago-Indianapolis +29.8% 196mi 24,031 2

Keystone +20.0% 104mi 905,187 29

Vermonter +16.4% 611mi 58,717 2

Capitol Corridor +14.3% 120mi 1,333,981 32

Adirondack +8.9% 381mi 93,071 2

Cascades +8.3% 467mi 622,590 12

NEC +6.3% 457 mi 9,185,631 158

Top Ten Corridors by Growth

Green highlight indicates increases in service frequency - frequencies include long distance trains,where appropriate