an alternative flotation process for apatite concentration
TRANSCRIPT
Engineering Conferences InternationalECI Digital Archives
Beneficiation of Phosphates VII Proceedings
Spring 2015
An Alternative Flotation Process for ApatiteConcentration of the Itataia CarbonaceousUranium-Phosphate OreElves MatioloCentro de Tecnologia Mineral (CETEM)
Ligia GonzagaCentro de Tecnologia Mineral (CETEM)
Ana Luiza GuedesCentro de Tecnologia Mineral (CETEM)
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Recommended CitationElves Matiolo, Ligia Gonzaga, and Ana Luiza Guedes, "An Alternative Flotation Process for Apatite Concentration of the ItataiaCarbonaceous Uranium-Phosphate Ore" in "Beneficiation of Phosphates VII", P. Zhang, FIPR; J. Miller, Univ. of Utah; L. Leal, Univ. ofSao Paolo; A. Kossir, OCP Group; E. Wingate, Worley-Parsons Services Pty Ltd. Eds, ECI Symposium Series, (2015).http://dc.engconfintl.org/phosphates_vii/9
AN ALTERNATIVE FLOTATION PROCESS
FOR APATITE CONCENTRATION OF THE ITATAIA CARBONACEOUS
URANIUM-PHOSPHATE
Itacoatiara, Niterói, RJ
URANIUM-PHOSPHATE ORE
Melbourne, March 2015
Elves Matiolo, DSc
Lígia Gonzaga, MSc
Ana Luiza Guedes, IC
Agribusiness in Brazil
• Grain production (2013) = 188 million ton
• Planted area (2013) = 53 million hectares
• (2013) 23% Gross domestic product = US$ 454 billion
ProductProduction (million ton)
Market share (%) Position
Projections for international trade (2022)
Sources: Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento – USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) - CNA
Product Market share (%) PositionBrazil World
Corn 18,6 138,7 13,4 4º
Soybean (grain) 63,8 144,3 44,2 1º
Soybean (oil) 2,4 10,8 22,2 2º
Soybean (bran) 16,9 73,9 22,9 2º
Cattle 1,9 8,1 23,3 2º
Pork 0,8 6,3 12,4 4º
Chicken 4,8 9 52,9 1º
Brazilian fertiliser industry supply
70%
80%
90%
100%
51
75
Import
Production Fertiliser demand in
Brazil will grow twice as
fast as overall global
demand
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Potash Phosphate Nitrogen
90
75 Brazil = 5.3% y.y
2000-2012
Brazil = 5.3% y.y
2000-2012
Salitre – Vale
Araxá – Vale Santa Quitéria –INB and Galvani
Tapira –– Vale
Catalão Catalão –– Vale Vale and Copebrásand Copebrás
Cajati – Vale
IntroduçãoTypical flowsheet
Rod and ball millsP80 – 150 µm
Slimes (discharge)90% < 10 µm
Magnetite (discharge)
Crushing
Low intensity magnetic separator
ConditioningFines/ultrafines
D50 – 25 µm Column flotation
ConditioningCoarse particles
D50 – 105 µm
Mechanical cells
BULK
Phosphate-uranium ore (Itataia - CE)
80´s years
H3PO4
2 kg/t
pH – 5,6
Calcite
CDTNOre
Apatite – 36%
(15% P2O5)
Calcite – 24%
Silicates – 20% BULK Concentrate(apatite and
calcite)
Air
Silicates Apatiteconcentrate
Silicates – 20%
Reagents
Tall oil
Corn starch
Sodium silicate
pH – 10 (NaOH)
32 – 34,5% P2O5
3 - 6% calcite
CLDRI ProcessChinese Lianyungang Design and Research Institute
Florida Industrial and Phosphate Research Institute (FIPR)
University of Florida
1994 year
< 150 µm
Fatty acid soap
H3PO4 and H2SO4
Dolomite
Silicates orapatite flotation
Ar
Bulk concentrate
Apatite and
Siliceous carbonate phosphate ore from Catalão (Goiás)
Rougher flotation
Air
Flotation
Apatite andcarbonates
Air
Apatiteconcentrate
Froth
Conditioning
- 50% solids
- Collector (sulphosuccinate) Lupromin FPA 711
- Corn starch (depressant)
- pH – 9,5 - NaOH
H2SO4
Calcite/dolomite
Bulk concentrate
Apatite andcarbonates
Carbonic gas applyed in flotation of phosphates ores (Brazil)
Apatiteconcentrate
Feed
Air/CO2Silicates/iron
hidroxides
Calcite/dolomite
CO2
Catalão´s Mine
P80 = 150µm
Slimes
Carbonates
ROM
Coconut soap
Barreiros´s Mine - Araxá
Apatiteflotation
Coconut soap
Dilution
CO2
Apatiteconcentrate
Apatite flotation
sulphosuccinate
Corn starch
NaOH
Dilution
Tailing
Cleaner
Tailing Rougher
Fatty acidsoap
substitution
CaO/P2O5
Grade (%)
P2O5 CaO Fe2O3 SiO2 MgO Al2O3 TiO2
2,8 16,7 47,6 2,5 8,7 0,6 2,9 0,2
5,95,2
Chemical and mineralogical characterization
38,2
50,7
Calcite Apatite Quartz Others
< 3.36 mm
Fines Fraction
Slimes
Calcite andApatite Flotation
Flowsheet
Discharge
Fraction
CoarseFraction
Apatite Flotation
Calcite andApatite
Flotation
60
70
80
90
100
Passin
g (%
)
D50= 5µm D50= 100µmD50= 28µm
D96= 150µm
Particle size distribution
0
10
20
30
40
50
1 10 100 1000
Passin
g (%
)
Particle size (µm)
Slimes
Fines
Milling Product
Coarse
D50= 5µm D50= 100µmD50= 28µm
Mass BalancePreparation
Flux
Recovery (%) Grade (%)
Mass P2O5 P2O5 CaO Fe2O3 SiO2 Al2O3
Slimes 18,2 16,4 14,7 42,1 3,2 10,5 4,0Slimes 18,2 16,4 14,7 42,1 3,2 10,5 4,0
Fines 35,4 34,7 16,0 48,6 2,2 8,0 2,8
Coarse 46,4 48,9 17,2 53,0 2,2 6,1 1,3
Calcite flotation- Coconut soap (calcite collector)
- CO2 – bubble generator
- pH – 5.8
Apatite flotation
- Sulphosuccinate (apatite collector)
- Corn starch (depressant)
- pH – 11 (NaOH)
Conditioning = 50%w/w (coarse) – 40%w/w (fines)
Flotation = 25%w/w
Calcite flotation – Coarse fraction
Effect of the collector dosage – Calcite concentrate
Mass recovery; P2O5 recovery and P2O5 grade
27,2
30,6
34,8
25
30
35
40
20,8
0,4 0,7 1,4
4,3
0,4 0,50,9
2,6
0
5
10
15
20
200 300 400 500
(%)
Coconut soap (g/t)
Mass recovery
P2O5 Recovery
P2O5 (%)
Calcite flotation – Coarse fraction
Effect of the collector dosage – Float
Mineralogical composition
75
100
93,190,8
89,9
86,3
Min
era
l (%
)
Quartz
Apatite
Calcite
0
25
50
75
200300
400
500
1,41,1
1,2
1,1
2,03,2
4,4 9,6
Min
era
l (%
)
Coconut soap (g/t)
80
100
65,072,7 73,4 77,4
Calcite flotation – Coarse fraction
Effect of the collector dosage – Sink
Mineralogical composition
Quartz
Calcite
Apatite
0
20
40
60
200300
400500
6,9 7,3
7,57,2
16,8
10,2
7,2
4,9
Min
era
l (%
)
Coconut soap (g/t)
Apatite flotation – Coarse fraction
Effect of the collector dosage (sulphosuccinate)
60
80
100
61,766,3
71,7 75,2
(%)
CaO/P2O5
Grade (%)
P2O5 CaO Fe2O3 SiO2 Al2O3
1,55 30,0 46,4 2,5 10,3 1,8Feed
500
7000
20
40
60 66,3
32,4
5,3
31,5
6,1
g/t
(%)
MassP2O5
Recovery P2O5 (%)
SiO2 (%)
Mass
Collector
g/t
Grade (%)
P2O5 CaO Fe2O3 SiO2 Al2O3
500 26,6 38,9 3,3 18,3 3,6
700 26,4 36,4 3,4 20,9 4,1
Tailings
Apatite flotation – Coarse fraction
Scavenger
Grade (%)
P2O5 CaO Fe2O3 SiO2 Al2O3
26,6 37,0 3,4 19,4 4,3Feed
R P2O5
Grade (%)
P2O5 CaO Fe2O3 SiO2 Al2O3
65,5 32,9 42,8 2,3 11,3 6,3Concentrate
Corn Starch = 300 g/tSulphossucinate = 500 g/tpH = 11,0
65,5 32,9 42,8 2,3 11,3 6,3
Mass recovery = 28,6%
P2O5 recovery = 42% - 85% flotation
P2O5 grade = 32%
SiO2 grade = 7,1%
Balance coarse fraction
Calcite flotation (fines fraction)
80
100
64,1
98,5
500 g/t collector
2 L/min CO2
Float
Sink 0
20
40
60
35,9
54,7
1,50,9
0,5
42,9
28,8
10,9
(%)
MassCaO
P2O5
recovery P2O5 (%)SiO2 (%)
Apatite flotation (fines fraction)
Flux
Recovery (%) Grade (%)
Mass P2O5 P2O5 CaO Fe2O3 SiO2 Al2O3
Corn starch = 700 g/t
Sulphosuccinate = 700 g/t
pH = 11
Feed 100 100 28,5 44,6 2,7 11,2 3,5
Concentrate 66,2 76,9 33,2 53,4 1,9 3,7 1,1
Tailings 33,8 23,1 19,5 27,5 4,2 25,8 8,1
Mass recovery = 15%
P2O5 recovery = 26,31% - 75,7% flotation
Balance fines fraction
Calcite concentrate Apatite concentrate
Global balance
Mass recovery = 43,6%
P2O5 recovery = 68%
P2O5 (%) = 32,4%
SiO2 (%) = 6,0%
Final remarks
The use of carbon dioxide in combination with coconut soap showed
high selectivity on separation between apatite and calcite in the
Itataia´s phosphate ore;
This carbonate flotation process concept based on use carbon dioxide
and coconut soap as carbonates collector was applied in others two
differents carbonaceous phosphate ores from Brazil (Araxá and
Catalão) with very good results;
Quartz flotation must be avaliated in replacement of apatite flotation
in the sink fraction of calcite flotation.