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i AN ANALYSIS OF CONVERSATIONAL IMPLICATURES FOUND IN MOVIE ABRAHAM LINCOLN: VAMPIRE HUNTER By TUY ENI WIJAYANTI NIM 200932083 ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTEMENT TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY 2013

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i

AN ANALYSIS OF CONVERSATIONAL IMPLICATURES

FOUND IN MOVIE ABRAHAM LINCOLN: VAMPIRE HUNTER

By

TUY ENI WIJAYANTI

NIM 200932083

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTEMENT

TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY

MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY

2013

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AN ANALYSIS OF CONVERSTIONAL CONVERSATION

IMPLICATURES FOUND IN MOVIE ABRAHAM LINCOLN :

VAMPIRE HUNTER

SKRIPSI

Presented to the University of Muria Kudus

in Partial Fulfillment of Requirements for Completing the Sarjana Progam

in English Education

By

TUY ENI WIJAYANTI

NIM 200932083

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTEMENT

TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY

MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY

2013

iv

MOTTO AND DEDICATION

Motto:

“Dream, believe, make it happen.”

( if you have a dream, ypu must believe that you will get it and try

hard to make it happen, then your dream will be come true... So,

don’t be affraid to dream as high as possible because dream is the

main asset that you got).

Dedication:

This skripsi is dedicated to:

Allah the Almighty.

My beloved parents, Mr. and Mrs.

Arifin, and my dearest youngest sister,

Nanda, thanks for your support, pray,

and blessing.

My best friends in senior years and

college (Pretty Bee)

My friends in UMK KUDUS who can’t

be mentioned one by one.

Anybody who support her.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, the writer wants to express her highest gratitude to

ALLAH SWT the almighty for the blessing and aspirations so that she can

complete this skripsi entitled “An Analysis of Conversational Implicatures found

in Movie Abraham Lincoln: vampire Hunter”.

The writer wishes to express the writer’s deepest gratitude to those who

are directly or indirectly involved in completing this skripsi, they are:

1. Dr. Slamet Utomo, M. Pd, the Dean of Teacher Training and Education

Faculty of Muria Kudus University.

2. Diah Kurniati, S. Pd, M. Pd, the Head of English Education Department.

3. Fajar Kartika, SS, M.Hum as the first advisor, drs. suprihadi, M.Pd as the

second advisor, who have accurately guided her during the writing of skripsi.

4. All lecturers of English Education Department of Teacher Training and

Education Faculty of Muria Kudus University for valuable knowledge,

guidance, and advices during the years of my study.

5. My beloved parents, Mr. And Mrs Arifin, and my youngest sister, Nanda and

all my family for giving prayer and spirit.

6. My bestfriends I’ve ever had, Khalim, Santi, Ganish, Ayu, Lisa (From Pretty

bee) and my best friends from high school, Bella, Elok, Nisa.

7. My friends in happiness and sadness during compose this skripsi ( Dita, Uma,

and Jami’asih)

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8. All my friends in Muria Kudus University and all many people who help me

whose name cannot be mentioned one by one, I can only say thanks.

9. All the people who inspired me include : my favorite actor (Benjamin

Walker), my senior year’s teacher (Bu Zaenab S.Pd)

The writer would like to express her sincerest gratitude to the readers for

some critics and suggestions. Hopefully this skripsi will be useful for everyone.

Kudus, 30 July 2013

Tuy Eni wijayanti

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ABSTRACT

Wijayanti, Tuy Eni. 2013. An Analysis of Conversational Implicatures Found in

Movie Abraham Lincoln : Vampire hunter. Skripsi. English Education

Departement, Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Muria Kudus

University. Advisor : (1) Fajar Kartika, SS, M.Hum , (2) Drs.

Suprihadi, M.Pd

Key words : Converstaional Implicature, Generalized Conversational Implicature,

Particularized Conversational Implicature.

In much of our conversation, we assume that speakers and listener are

generally cooperating with each other. However, in some circumstance, a speaker

intends to communicate more than is said, that something must be more than just

the words mean. It is an additional meaning called conversational implicature.

Conversational implicatures is an interesting thing where it is not a matter of a

sentence but instead of an utterance’s meaning.

Therefore, in this study, the writer is interested in analyzing the

implicature/implicit meaning that are found in the utterances of the three main

characters, and the types of conversational implicatures that produced by the three

main characters of the Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter movie. The writer used

Grice’s theory of conversational implicatures as the basis of the analysis of the

study. The utterances containing implicature fall into two categories: generalized

conversational implicature and particularized conversational implicature.

This is a qualitative research which the data of the study is taken from the

movie Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter. The writer chose Abraham Lincoln:

Vampire Hunter movie because the writer noticed that the utterances produced by

the three main characters contain a lot of implicatures. Moreover, Abraham

Lincoln: Vampire Hunter movie is a unique movie with an intellegent plot in

developing the story about the other life side of the sixteenth president of United

States.

From the findings, the writer found 104 implicatures from the three main

characters: Abraham, mary, and Henry. Between the two types, generalized and

particularized converstaional implicatures, generalized conversational implicature

take a bigger number 54. Whereas, the other one, the total of particularized

converstaional implicatures takes number 50. This study also reveals significant

finding that may contribute to the theory of implicature itself and its applications

so that it will useful for further reference. Firstly, the study reveals that one single

utterance can have two types of conversational implicature. To add, the use of

indefinite article ‘a/an’ in a sentence can actually function as cardinal number as it

actually refers to ‘one’. Lastly, the theory of indefinite article of the type ‘a/an X’,

is typically interpreted according to the generalized conversational implicatures

that : an X +> not speaker’s X cannot be genralized in this study since it can be

interpreted as the speaker’s X.

For the next researchers who are interested in doing similar research, this

study will give contribution to comprehend the conversational implicatures. And

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also this study can give inspiration and guidance for the further researcher to be

more careful in doing research.

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ABSTRAKS

Wijayanti, Tuy Eni. 2013. Analisa Implikasi Percakapan yang ditemukan dalam

Film Abraham Lincoln : Vampire hunter. Skripsi. Jurusan Pendidikan

bahasa Inggris, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas

Muria Kudus. Pembimbing : (1) Fajar Kartika, SS, M.Hum , (2) Drs.

Suprihadi, M.Pd

Key words : Implikasi Percakapan, Implikasi Percakapan Umum, Implikasi

Percakapan Khusus.

Di dalam kebanyakan percakapan kita, kita menganggap bahwa para

pembicara dan para pendengar umumnya bekerja sama satu sama lain. Namun,

dalam beberapa situasi, pembicara bermaksud untuk menyampaikan lebih dari

yang diucapkan, sesuatu itu pasti lebih dari sekedar yang dimaksudkan. Ini adalah

makna tambahan, yang disebut conversational implicature. Conversational

implicature adalah sdari tiesuatu hal yang menarik dimana ini bukan merupakan

masalah kalimat melainkan makna dari sebuah ungkapan.

Oleh karena itu, dalam penelitian ini, penulis tertarik dalam menganalisis

implikatur/ makna tersirat yang ditemukan dalam ungkapan-ungkapan dari tiga

karakter utama, dan jenis conversational implicature yang dihasilkan oleh tiga

karakter utama dari film Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter. Penulis

menggunakan teori conversational implicature dari Grice sebagai dasar analisis

penelitian. Ungkapan yang mengandung implikatur terbagi dalam dua kategori:

Generalized Conversational Implicature dan Particularized Conversational

Implicature.

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dimana data dari penelitian

ini diambil dari film Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter. Penulis memilih film

Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter karena penulis melihat bahwa ungkapan-

ungkapan yang dihasilkan oleh tiga karakter utama mengandung banyak

implikatur. Selain itu, film Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter adalah film yang

unik dengan alur yang pintar dalam mengembangkan cerita tentang sisi lain

kehidupan dari presiden ke enam belas Amerka Serikat.

Dari temuan tersebut, penulis menemukan 104 implikatur dari tiga

karakter utama: Abraham, Mary, dan Henry. Di antara dua jenis tersebut,

generalized dan particularized converstaional implicatures, generalized

converstaional implicatures berjumlah sebesar 54. Sedangkan, yang lain, total

particularized converstaional implicatures berjumlah 50. Penelitian ini juga

mengungkapkan temuan yang signifikan yang dapat berkontribusi pada teori

implikaturnya dan aplikasinya sehingga akan berguna untuk referensi lebih lanjut.

Pertama, penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa salah satu ungkapan tunggal dapat

memliki dua jenis conversational implicatures. Sebagai tambahan, penggunaan

article tak terbatas ‘a/an’ dalam kalimat sebenarnya dapat berfungsi sebagai

nomor bilangan pokok karena sebenarnya mengacu pada angka ‘satu’. Terakhir,

teori article tak terbatas jenis ‘a/ X’, biasanya ditafsirkan sesuai dengan

generalized converstaional implicature bahwa : X+> bukan X milik pembicara

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tidak bisa disamaratakan dalam penelitian ini karena dapat diartikan sebagai X

milik pembicara.

Untuk penelitian selanjutnya yang tertarik dalam melakukan penelitian

serupa, penelitian ini akan memberikan kontribusi untuk memahami implikasi

percakapan. Dan juga penelitian ini dapat memberi inspirasi dan petunjuk untuk

peneliti selanjutnya untuk lebih berhati-hati dalam melakukan penelitian.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

COVER….................................................................................................... i

LOGO…….................................................................................................. ii

TITLE…...................................................................................................... iii

MOTTO AND DEDICATION….............................................................. iv

ADVISORS’ APPROVAL…..................................................................... v

EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL…................................................................. vi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…..................................................................... vii

ABSTRACT…............................................................................................ ix

ABSTRAKS…............................................................................................ xi

TABLE OF CONTENTS…....................................................................... xiii

LIST OF TABLES…................................................................................. xvi

LIST OF APPENDIXES…........................................................................ xvii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Research…............................................................. 1

1.2 Statements of the Problem…................................................................ 5

1.3 Objectives of the Research…............................................................... 5

1.4 Significances of the Research…........................................................... 6

1.5 Scope of the Research…....................................................................... 7

1.6 Operational Definition…...................................................................... 7

CHAPTER II REVIEW TO RELATED LITERATURE

AND HYPOTHESIS

2.1 Pragmatics ……………………............................................................ 9

2.2 Conversational Analysis....................................................................... 11

2.2.1 Conversational Implicatures.............................................................. 11

2.2.1.1 Types of Conversational Implicatures........................................... 12

2.3 Meaning................................................................................................ 15

2.3.1 Types of Meaning…….....…………................................................. 16

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2.4 Movie.................................................................................................... 17

2.4.1 Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter movie….................................... 18

2.5 Previous Research…............................................................................ 18

2.6 Theoretical Framework…..................................................................... 20

CHAPTER III METHOD OF THE RESEARCH

3.1 Design of the Research…..................................................................... 21

3.2 Data and Data Sources…..................................................................... 21

3.3 Data Collectig….................................................................................. 22

3.4 Data Analysis…................................................................................... 22

CHAPTER IV FINDING OF THE RESEARCH

4.1 Research Finding………...................................................................... 25

4.1.1 Types of Conversational Implicatures in the Movie Abraham

Lincoln: Vampire Hunter and the Context of

Interpretation…................................................................................

25

CHAPTER V DISCUSSION

5.1 The Implicatures and the Types of Conversational Implicatures in

Movie Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter.........................................

66

5.1.1 Generalized Conversational Implicature........................................... 67

5.1.2 Particularized Conversational Implicature......................................... 71

5.2 The Pedagogical Implication................................................................ 72

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CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

6.1 Conclusion…........................................................................................ 74

6.2 Suggestion........................................................................................... 76

REFERENCE….......................................................................................... 78

APPENDICES…........................................................................................ 79

STATEMENTS........................................................................................... 88

CURRICULUM VITAE…........................................................................ 91

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LIST OF TABLES

Table

Page

3.4 The Analysis and Classification of Conversational Implicature 23

4.1.1 The Implicature and the Types of Conversational Implicatures in

the Movie Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter and the Context of

Interpretation.

26

4.1 The number of Conversational Implicature by each main character 65

4.2 The number of Conversational Implicature 65

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LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix

Page

1. DVD movie Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter..................................

79

2. Transcript of the movie Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter................ 80