an analysis of politeness strategy between ellen...

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AN ANALYSIS OF POLITENESS STRATEGY BETWEEN

ELLEN DEGENERES AND BARRACK OBAMA IN

THE ELLEN SHOW

A Thesis

Submitted to Faculty of Adab and Humanities

In partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for

The Degree of Strata One (S1)

GADING AYU KUSUMA LISTY

1112026000003

ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF ADAB AND HUMANITIES

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH

JAKARTA

2016

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ABSTRACT

Gading Ayu Kusuma Listy, An Analysis of Politeness Strategy between Ellen

DeGeneres and Barrack Obama in The Ellen Show. Thesis. Jakarta: English

Letters Department, Letters and Humanities Faculty, State Islamic University

(UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah, August 2016.

This research is on pragmatics politeness of an interview between Ellen

DeGeneres and the United States President, Barrack Obama in Ellen DeGeneres

show episode 12 February 2016. It is a qualitative research that used Brown and

Levinson‟s politeness strategy (1978), supported by J.L. Austin‟s speech act

theory (1962). By applying the theories, the writer found that Both Ellen and

Obama were observed politeness strategy. In Ellen‟s utterance, the writer found

two Brown and Levinson‟s strategies which are positive and negative politeness.

Meanwhile, in Obama‟s utterance, the writer found one Brown and Levinson‟s

strategy which is positive politeness. The choices of strategy from the participants

are influenced by varied payoffs and sociological factors. The payoffs factors are

„save and satisfy‟ guest‟s face, „save and satisfy‟ host‟s face, and „save and

satisfy‟ viewers‟ face. Meanwhile, the sociological factors are the social distance

between speaker and hearer and the relative power of speaker and hearer.

Keywords: Pragmatics, Politeness, Positive strategy, and Negative strategy.

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DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my

knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by

another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the

award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institutes of higher

learning, except where due acknowledgment has been made in the text.

Jakarta, August 28th

2016

Gading Ayu Kusuma Listy

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

In The Name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful

All praises be to Allah SWT. The real writer‟s guide, who amazingly and

mysteriously guides and helps her in the process of making this thesis. Peace and

salutation be upon the greatest prophet Muhammad SAW, his family,

companions, and adherents.

The writer wants to say many thanks to her family: her mother (Mrs. Lilis

Mawati) and father (Mr. Erlangga Wijaya Kusuma) who have taken care the

writer and always support her much morally and materially, their merits and

sacrifice will never be paid, and her beloved sisters (Anindita and Sajida) who

have given her supports and kindness. The writer also wants to give her gratitude

to Mrs. Alfi Syahriyani, M.Hum as the thesis advisor for her time, guidance, and

contribution in correcting and helping the writer in finishing this thesis, so, the

writer can complete the research. She thanks for all of her advices that have been

delivered to her; and may Allah SWT bless her and her family.

In writing this thesis, the writer would like to express her deepest gratitude

to the following persons:

1. Prof. Dr. Syukran Kamil, M.Ag. as the Dean of Faculty of Letters and

Humanities.

2. Drs. Saefudin, M.Pd as the Head of English Letters Department.

3. Elve Oktafiyani, M.Hum, as the Secretary of English Letters Department.

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4. All lectures of English Letters Department, who have taught and educated the

writer very well during her study at State Islamic University Syarif Hidatullah

Jakarta.

5. Finally, the writer would like to thank everybody, all friends who are important

to the successful realization of the thesis, as well as expressing her apology that

the writer could not mention personally one by one. Thanks for being good

friends. The writer also thanks to Abrar Alifian Epsa, her beloved who always

support, strengthen, help, and motivate the writer.

May Allah, the all-Hearer, and all-Knower gives his blesses to us and gives

them more that what they have been given to the writer. Ameen.

Jakarta, August 28th

, 2016

The Writer

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ i

APPROVEMENT ................................................................................................... ii

LEGALIZATION .................................................................................................. iii

DECLARATION ................................................................................................... iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...................................................................................... v

TABLE OF CONTENS ........................................................................................ vii

LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................. ix

LIST OF DIAGRAM .............................................................................................. x

LIST OF ABBREVIATION .................................................................................. xi

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1. Background of the Study ...................................................................... 1

2. Focus of the Study ................................................................................ 5

3. Research Question ................................................................................ 6

4. Objectives of the Study ......................................................................... 6

5. Significances of the Study .................................................................... 7

6. Research Methodology ......................................................................... 8

6.1. Method of Research .................................................................... 8

6.2. Unit of Analysis .......................................................................... 9

6.3. Technique of Data Collecting & Processing ............................... 9

6.4. Technique of Data Analysis ...................................................... 10

7. Conceptual Framework ....................................................................... 11

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CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ................................................. 12

1. Previous research ................................................................................ 12

2. Pragmatics ........................................................................................... 14

3. Speech Act .......................................................................................... 17

4. Politeness Strategy .............................................................................. 21

CHAPTER III RESEARCH FINDING ................................................................ 31

1. Data Description ................................................................................. 31

2. Data Analysis ...................................................................................... 32

CHAPTER IV CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTION ...................................... 60

1. Conclusions ......................................................................................... 60

2. Suggestions ......................................................................................... 62

WORKS CITED ................................................................................................... 63

APPENDIC ........................................................................................................... 66

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1 The five general function of speech act ................................................ 19

Table 3.1. Politeness strategies in corpus data ...................................................... 31

Table 3.2. The analysis of politeness strategy in dialogue 1 ................................ 34

Table 3.3 The analysis of politeness strategy in dialogue 2 ................................. 37







Table 3.10 The analysis of politeness strategy in dialogue 9 ............................... 50

Table 3.11 The analysis of politeness strategy in dialogue 10 ............................. 52



Table 3.14. Politeness strategies used by Ellen .................................................... 58

Table 3.15. Politeness strategies used by Obama ................................................ 59

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LIST OF DIAGRAM

Diagram 1.1. Conceptual Framework................................................................... 11

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

Abbreviation Explanation

S Speaker

H Hearer

X Situation

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1. Background of Study

One of the best human‟s treasures which cannot be found in animals or

other creatures is their languages skill (Dardjowodjojo 189). Human‟s languages

skill can help them communicate and exchange information with others,

verbally or not. Communication is a process where somebody or some people,

group, organization, and society created and use information in order to be

connected with the environment and others (Stewart 4). The aim of

communication is to share knowledge or experience through spoken language,

written, movement, and broadcasting.

The greatest benefit from communication according to Stewart and Brent

is to build the social network and nothing more important than the relationship

with the others, family ties, friendship, and colleague. (Stewart 5) The process

can be done through interpersonal communication. Interpersonal communication

is the communication between one person and another or others. It is often

referred to as face-to-face communication between two or more people. Both

verbal and nonverbal communication and body language, play a part in how one

person understands another. In verbal interpersonal communication, there are

two types of messages being sent: a content message and a relational message.

(Trenholm and Jensen 360)

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_language

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Content messages are messages about the topic at hand and relational

messages are messages about the relationship itself. This means that relational

messages come across in how one says something and it demonstrates a person‟s

feelings, whether positive or negative, towards the individual they are talking to,

indicating not only how they feel about the topic at hand, but also how they feel

about their relationship with the other individual (Trenholm and Jensen 360)

Sometimes when people do a communication, they can be possibly

uttering words that can hurt their interlocutor‟s feeling, so it is very important to

keep the interlocutor‟s feeling while having a conversation in order to avoid a

possible gap in the relationship with the others. Communication process can be

done privately or watched by the public, for example, is the communication

process in the talk show. The talk show is a television programming or radio

programming genre in which one person or group of people discusses various

topics put forth by a talk show host. (Niven, Lichter and Amundson 118)

Usually, guests consist of a group of people who are learned or who have great

experience in relation to whatever issue is being discussed on the show for that

episode.

One of the most successful talk show is Ellen DeGeneres Show. It is an

American television talk show hosted by comedian / actress Ellen DeGeneres.

Debuting on September 8, 2003, it is produced by Telepictures and airs

in syndication, including stations owned by NBC Universal, (When It's On–The

Ellen DeGeneres Show) in the United States and Canada. The program

combines comedy, celebrity, musical guests and human-interest stories. Other

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_programming

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_program

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_program

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_talk_show_hosts

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk_show

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellen_DeGeneres

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telepictures

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBCUniversal

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non-celebrities have been featured in an attempt by DeGeneres to give them 15

minutes of fame. Guests in this role have included intelligent children, small

business owners, etc. The program often features audience participation games

where prizes are awarded. In Indonesia, Ellen DeGeneres Show is available in

Life Time Asia Channel.

The show has won 38 Daytime Emmy Awards, including four

for Outstanding Talk Show (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007) and three for Outstanding

Talk Show Entertainment (2010, 2011, 2013). DeGeneres herself has won

the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Talk Show Host four times

(2005, 2006, 2007, 2008). The show has also won Emmys for numerous writing

and technical categories. It won the Genesis Award for "Best Talk Show" in

2010 and 2012. DeGeneres has won the People's Choice Award for "Favorite

Daytime TV Host" 14 times. The show averages around 3.9 million viewers per

episode, according to daytime television ratings, making it a highly viewed

daytime show. (Seidman)

Ellen DeGeneres, as the successful talk show host who has won many

awards and got millions viewers for her talk show has a responsibility to take

care of her talk show‟s value. Ellen has to maintain her utterance in order to save

her dignity as a speaker and to respect the guest‟s feeling as an interlocutor. In

the episode, February 12, 2016, the guest who attended the show is Mr. Barrack

Obama, President of United Stated. Ellen not only has a responsible to save Mr.

Obama‟s feeling, but also to save his dignity as President since their

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daytime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Talk_Show

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/37th_Daytime_Emmy_Awards



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/32nd_Daytime_Emmy_Awards

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/33rd_Daytime_Emmy_Awards



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genesis_Awards

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communication was watched by millions of people. Beside Ellen, Mr. Obama

also needs to maintain his utterance in order to save his dignity as President.

It is attracted writer to do a research on this talk show, because writer

identifies the application of politeness strategy in the dialogue of the talk show

which the speaker must rationally assess the possible face-threatening nature or

utterances that can hurt hearer‟s feeling which speaker is about to make and then

decide either to avoid it entirely, or at least to soften or minimize it by choosing

an appropriate linguistic strategies.

Politeness Strategy is a theory by Brown and Levinson. In the spirit of

Grice, Brown and Levinson posit a Model Person (MP) with the ability to

rationalize from communicative goals to the optimal means of achieving those

goals. In doing so, the MP has to assess the dangers of threatening other

participants‟ (and hence her/his own) face and to choose the appropriate

strategies in order to minimize any face threats that might be involved in

carrying out the goal-directed activity. In contrast to Leech‟s model, therefore,

Brown and Levinson‟s model can be seen as an attempt to formulate a theory of

how individuals produce linguistic politeness, i.e. it is a production model.

(Watts 85)

Face in Brown and Levinson‟s model is a theoretical construct which The

MP, with the ability to rationalize from communicative goals to the optimal

means of achieving those goals, seems to fit well with their redefinition of face,

but it is questionable whether the phenomenon of politeness can be reduced to

forms of rational means--goals behavior. They claim they have taken from the

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work of Erving Goffman. (Gunarwan 261) The MP in Brown and Levinson‟s

model refers to the „speaker‟, and the only reason the addressee is brought into

the picture is in order that the MP can assess which the most appropriate

politeness strategy to use in the circumstances. No mention is made of the ways

in which the addressee may react to the politeness strategy produced. Focus in

Brown and Levinson‟s model is thus on the speaker, whereas in Leech‟s model

it is on the hearer. (Watts 85)

Based on that background, the writer is attracted to do a research to find

out the politeness strategy that is implied in the dialogue of the talk show.

Research is a series of activities that are arranged in a systematic and procedural

to find the truth, to prove theories or assumptions that have been discovered, or

solve a problem (Farkhan 2). To analyze and assess the strategies used on Ellen

DeGeneres talk show, the writer uses Politeness Strategy Theory by Brown and

Levinson.

2. Focus of the Study

According to the background of the study which has been described

above, the writer considers the need to focus on the main problem. The writer

limits the research only on the application of politeness strategy between Ellen

and Obama in Ellen DeGeneres talk show episode February 12, 2016, which is

viewed from Brown and Levinson‟s politeness strategy theory.

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3. Research Questions

Based on the main problem of this research that has been outlined earlier,

the writer has formulated the questions as follow:

3.1. What kinds of politeness strategies used by Ellen as the host of Ellen

DeGeneres Show when communicate with the guest of the talk show

which implied to save the speaker‟s and interlocutor‟s face from Face

Threatening Act (FTA) caused by her speech?

3.2. What kinds of politeness strategies used by the guest of the show, Mr.

Barrack Obama when communicate with Ellen DeGeneres which

implied to save the speaker‟s and interlocutor‟s face from Face

Threatening Act (FTA) caused by his speech?

3.3. What are the factors influencing speaker to choose kinds of politeness

strategies in the dialogue?

4. Objectives of Study

In general, this research aims to describe the application of politeness

strategy in Ellen DeGeneres talk show episode 12 February 2016 which is

viewed from Brown and Levinson‟s politeness strategy theory. In particular, this

research aims to:

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4.1. Describe kinds of politeness strategies used by Ellen as the host of Ellen

DeGeneres Show when communicate with the guest of the talk show

which implied to save the speaker‟s and interlocutor‟s face from Face

Threatening Act (FTA) caused by her speech.

4.2. Describe kinds of politeness strategies used by the guest of the show,

Mr. Barrack Obama when communicate with Ellen DeGeneres which

implied to save the speaker‟s and interlocutor‟s face from Face

Threatening Act (FTA) caused by his speech.

4.3. Know the factors influencing speaker to choose kinds of politeness

strategies in the dialogue.

5. Significances of the Study

This research of politeness strategy in Ellen DeGeneres Show is expected to

give benefits theoretically and practically. Theoretically, this research can enrich

the previous research on politeness strategy and speech act. Practically, this

research becomes one of useful reference materials for the readers who are

interested in politeness strategies in Ellen DeGeneres talk show. Besides, it can

give recommendations for readers in choosing communication strategy and give

advantageous for practitioners in the communication field.

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6. Research Methodology

“Research methodology is a set of principles which is essential for the

research process.” (Farkhan 52) In this research, the research methodology is

divided into some parts as follow:

6.1. Method of Research

This research is in the pragmatics field and conducted by using

qualitative research method. The qualitative data refers to types of

information that are non-countable or not expressed numerically. This

information includes elements that are termed intangible or

immeasurable because they express qualities, values, the state of

mind, and ideas. (Franklin 17). According to the analysis, this research

applies descriptive analysis that “involves gathering data that describe

events and then organizes, tabulates, depicts, and describes the data

collection” (The Association for Educational Communications and

Technology)

The reason of using qualitative research is because this research

uses a transcript data from a talk show‟s dialogue which is a verbal

and not numerical data and the data will focus on the state of mind and

ideas of the speakers.

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6.2. Unit of Analysis

The unit of analysis in this research is the politeness strategies in

Ellen DeGeneres talk show episode February 12, 2016. The data is a

transcription from the dialogue in the talk show which contains

politeness strategy. The source of the data is from YouTube

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PLHo6uyICVk

6.3. Technique of Data Collecting & Processing

According to Ed. Subroto, key element for the qualitative

research method is the writer (Subroto 4). The writer does some

steps to collect and process the data as follow:

1. Identifying the problem by watching Ellen DeGeneres talk

show video, listens carefully to the dialogue, makes a

transcription of the dialogue, reads the whole dialogue

transcription.

2. Justifying the main problem of the research by picking the

dialogue of the host and guest of the talk show which

assumed contain politeness strategy.

3. Reducing the dialogue that is not accordance with the

research problem.

4. Coding the dialogues which contain politeness strategy by

numbering the transcription.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PLHo6uyICVk

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6.4. Technique of Data Analysis

In this research, the writer does some steps in analyzing data, such

as:

6.4.1. Classifying politeness strategy that implied Face Saving

Act (FSA) of the speaker and interlocutor based on the

context, illocutionary act, and kind of politeness strategy.

6.4.2. Analyzing speech act sentences using Brown and

Levinson‟s politeness strategy theory and J.L.

Austin‟s speech act theory which are used as the

main theories in this research.

6.4.3. Explaining politeness strategy that implied Face

Saving Act (FSA) of the speaker and interlocutor

to avoid Face Threatening Act (FTA).

6.4.4. Drawing a conclusion about linguistic phenomena

based on the data that has been analyzed.

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7. Conceptual Framework

The data of the research is from dialogue in Ellen DeGeneres Show

episode February 12, 2016, which contain politeness strategy. Next, the data

processed by classifying politeness strategy that implied Face Saving Act (FSA)

of the speaker and interlocutor and analyzes speech act sentences using Brown

and Levinson‟s politeness strategy theory and J.L. Austin‟s speech act theory.

The output of this research is to explain the application of politeness strategy on it

and the Factors influencing the choice of strategy

Diagram 1.1. Conceptual Framework

Input

•The dialogue in Ellen Degeneres talk show episode Februari 12, 2016 which contains politeness strategy

Process

•Classifying politeness strategy that implied Face Saving Act (FSA) of the speaker and interlocutor based on the context, illocutionary act, and kind of politeness strategy.

•Analyzing speech act sentences using Brown and Levinson’s politeness strategy theory and J.L. Austin’s speech act theory.

Output

•Kinds of politeness strategies used by Ellen as the host of talk show which implied to save the speaker’s and interlocutor’s face from Face

•Kinds of politeness strategies used by guest of the show, Mr. Barrack Obama

• Factors influencing the choice of strategy

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CHAPTER II

THEORICAL FRAMEWORK

1. Previous Research

The writer has observed some previous researches which correspond with

this research in some aspects. The aim of reviewing previous research is to know

other researches in the same subject area which applied similar theory or corpus.

The previous research can be one of the important references in making a

research; it can help the writer to enrich the theories that used in the research.

Here are some previous researches in the form of journals that related to this

research:

The first previous research was titled “Redressive Strategies for FTA in

Oprah Winfrey‟s Talk Show”. This research analyzed the application of PP

(Politeness Principle) from the pragmatics perspective. It employed two theories,

the PP and its redressive strategies (especially redressive strategies). The analytical

data for the present study are collected from Oprah Winfrey‟s Talk Show. This

paper analyzed and investigated Oprah Winfrey‟s Talk Show from different

perspectives by means of qualitative approach. The purpose of this study is the

application of these two theories in the daily talk, and the analysis of how they do

FTAs (Face-Threatening Acts). (Xiao-yan 7)

Overall, the first previous research was blameless, it analyzed the dialogue

very well; described the dialogue‟s context, the speaker‟s reason for using

politeness strategy, and how speaker‟s utterance counted as politeness strategy.

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This research also mentioned what kinds of the strategy used by the speaker, it

explained the kinds of politeness, negative or positive and the strategies which

implied to save speaker‟s and hearer‟s face. The correlation with this first previous

research is it applied politeness strategy theory in some episodes of Oprah Winfey

talk show, differently here the writer analyzes Ellen DeGeneres the talk show in

only one episode, the writer also analyzes it based on the illocutionary act of the

utterances. Another difference is the writer‟s research not only focus on the

politeness strategies used by the host of the show but it also put attention to the

politeness strategy used by the guess of the show.

The second previous research was titled “Politeness in E-mails of Arab

Students in Malaysia”. This study analyzed the politeness strategies found in Arab

postgraduate students‟ e-mails to their supervisors during their period of study at

Malaysian universities. This research used quantitative and qualitative approaches

to analyze eighteen e-mails that were sent by six Arab postgraduate students to

their supervisors. The politeness strategies were analyzed according to Brown and

Levinson‟s (1987) politeness theory, and the degrees of directness were

categorized according to Cross-Cultural Speech Act Realization Pattern

(CCSARP) Blum-Kulka and Olshtain (1984) coding scheme. (Zena Moayad

Najeeb 21)

It gave a great description of the theory that used on the research; its

finding and discussion also gave a clear explanation for certain dialogues and

discovered the percentage of every strategy. This research also applied politeness

strategy theory, differently this research analyzes written communication and

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focused on the directness which categorized according to Cross-Cultural Speech

Act Realization Pattern (CCSARP). While writer‟s research here analyze spoken

communication in the form of a dialogue transcription and only focus on the

strategy used by speakers.

2. Pragmatics

Modern use and current practice of pragmatics are credited to the influence of

the American philosophical doctrine of pragmatism. The pragmatic interpretation

of semiotics and verbal communication studies in Foundations of the Theory of

Signs by Charles Morris in 1938, for instance, helped neatly develop the

differences of mainstream enterprises in semiotics and linguistics. (Levinson 3)

According to Yule, “pragmatics is the study of the relationship between

linguistic form and the users of those forms.” (4) There are four areas that

pragmatics is concern with, as follow:

1. “Pragmatics is study of speaker meaning.” Pragmatics concern

with the study of meaning uttered by the speaker or written by

writer and interpreted by listener or reader.

2. “Pragmatics is the study of contextual meaning.” It includes the

relationship of what people mean in a specific context and how the

context effect what is said.

3. “Pragmatics is the study of how more gets communicated than is

said”. This approach also explores how the listener can interpret

what the speaker‟s proposed meaning. This type of study discovers

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how a great deal of what is unsaid is predictable as part of what is

communicated.

4. “Pragmatics is the study of the expression of relative distance.”

The choice between said and unsaid was determined by the notion

of distance. Closeness, whether it is physical, social, or conceptual,

implies shared experience. On the supposition of how close or

distance the listener is, speaker decide how much needs to be said.

(3)

“The central topics of linguistic pragmatics are those aspects of meaning

which are dependent on context.” (Cruse 3) Context can be interpreted as the

immediately preceding discourse and the situation of the participants. (Black 3)

There are some clues which can help listener in a communication to determine the

meaning of an utterance; the first one is tone of voice or intonation which is an

important contextualize of meaning. On occasions, it may even enable hearer to

reverse the apparent sense of something. (Finch 154)

The second clue is the thematic force. This kind of force is concerned

with the way the speaker to announce to the audience what it is that the speaker is

principally concerned about; it is often reflected in the syntactic organization of

the communication. Putting an item first in a sentence, for example, is a good way

of drawing attention to it and let listener or reader know what it is that speaker or

writer wishes to focus on. (Finch 155)

According to Cruse, there are two important particulars in pragmatics; the

first type is conversational implicature. This refers to meanings which a speaker

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intends to convey but does not explicitly express. The second type of context-

dependent meaning concerns expressions which designate different things,

places, or times in the world, in different contexts: this table, over there, last

night. (3)

2.1. Implicature

The word „implicature‟ is derived from the verb „to imply‟, as it cognate

„implication‟. Originally, to imply mean to fold something into something else;

hence that which is implied is folded in, and has to be unfolded to be understood.

A conversational implicature is, therefore, something which is implied in

conversation, that is, something which is left implicit in actual language use. (Mey

45)

To get the meaning of what someone said, interlocutors have to interpret

what they say. But interpretation is a tricky affair; misunderstandings are always

possible, and sometimes seem to be a rule rather than an exception. (Mey 47) As

Leech remarks, “interpreting an utterance is ultimately a matter of guesswork, or

(to use the more dignified term) hypothesis formation” (Leech 30)

2.2. Context

Context is a dynamic, not a static concept: it is to be assumed as the

repeatedly changing surroundings, in the widest sense, that enable the participants

in communication process to interact, and in which the linguistic expression of

their interaction become understandable. (Mey 39) Context is more than just a

reference.

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Context is action. Context is about understanding what things are for; it is

also what provides speaker‟s utterances their true pragmatics meaning and let

them be counted as true pragmatic acts. It is absolutely important not only in

conveying the proper values to reference and implicature but also in dealing with

other pragmatics issues. (Mey 41)

An important part of the language in use, and therefore of pragmatics, is

what people are essentially doing with language when they state; whether they are

informing, criticizing, blaming, warning, congratulating, christening a baby, and

so on. This is the topic of speech acts. Other topics covered by pragmatics are

politeness as expressed linguistically and conversational analysis, which deals

with the way conversations are structured. (Cruse 4)

3. Speech Act

Speech act theory originated from the works of the Oxford philosopher of

ordinary language John Langshaw Austin (1911–1960). Austin first presented

the main tenets of his theory in the lectures he gave at Oxford in the years 1952–

1954 under the title “Words and deeds”, and subsequently in the William James

Lectures he delivered at Harvard University in 1955. In 1969 one of Austin‟s

pupils, the American philosopher John R. Searle, published his own version of

the theory. Searle‟s systematization and development of Austin‟s ideas has been

very influential, to the point that Searle‟s interpretation of the theory is at times

taken as the definitive view of speech acts. (De Gruyter Mouton, Wolfram

Bublitz, Neal R. Norrick)

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Definition of speech acts based on A Glossary of Semantics and Pragmatics

by Cruse, “are the acts which crucially involve the production of language. It is

usual to recognize three basic types: locutionary acts, illocutionary acts and

perlocutionary acts.” (167) While according to Yule speech acts are utterance

actions which commonly given more spesific labels, such as apology, complaint,

compliment, invitation, promise, or request. (47) The central tenet of speech act

theory is that the uttering of a sentence is, or is part of, an action within the

framework of social institutions and conventions. (Huang 93)

Austin said that “to utter the sentence (in, of course, the appropriate

circumstances) is not to describe my doing of what I should be said in so uttering

to be doing or to state that I am doing it: it is to do it.”(6) According to Austin,

saying something amounts to simultaneously performing three types of acts:

i) A Locutionary act, which is the stating of a sentence with sense and

reference. The locutionary act can be separated into a phonetic act (the

act of uttering certain noises), a phatic act (the act of uttering sounds

that have sense and reference), and a rhetic act (the act of uttering

noises that belong to a certain language vocabulary and grammar).

i) An Illocutionary act, which is the action performed by virtue of the

force associated with a given linguistic expression. This level of action

depends on the social conventions that allow us verbally to carry out

clearly recognizable actions. The illocutionary force of an utterance

can be isolated by asking in which sense we were using a given

utterance. (99)

19

ii) A Perlocutionary act, which is the production of a consequence by

the utterance. Contrary to what occurs at the illocutionary level,

perlocutions are not directly achieved by the conventional force of an

utterance. Also, perlocutions occur at a further level, as the

interlocutor‟s actual reaction to the speech act. (101)

3.1. Classification of Illocutionary Acts

Speech acts may be appropriately categorized by their illocutionary type,

such as asserting, requesting, promising, and apologizing, for which we have

familiar verbs (Bach 200) Yule who following Searle said in his book that there

are five general functions of speech acts:

Table 2.1. The five general function of speech act (55)

Speech act type Direction of fit S= speaker

X= situation

Declaration Words change the world S cause X

Representatives Make words fit the world S believes X

Expressive Make words fit the world S feels X

Directives Make the world fit words S wants X

Commissives Make the world fit words S intends X

According to Leech, Searle‟s illocutionary acts‟ classification is based on diverse

criteria, wich are defined as follow:

1. Assertives

Assertives commit speaker to the truth of the expressed proposition,

such as stating, suggesting, boasting, complaining, claiming, and

reporting.. (105)

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2. Directives

Directives intended to produce some effect through action by the

hearer, for examples are ordering, commanding, requesting, advising,

and recommending. They frequently belong to the competitive

category, and therefore comprise a category of illocutions in which

negative politeness is important.

3. Commissive

Commissives commit the speaker to some future action to a greater or

lesser degree, promising, vowing, and offering are the examples. These

tend to be convivial, being performed in the interests of someone other

than the speaker.

4. Expressives

Expressives have an expressing function or making known, the

speaker‟s psychological attitude towards a state of affairs which the

illocution presupposes, such as thanking, congratulating, pardoning,

blaming, praising, condoling, etc. They tend to be convivial, and

therefore intrinsically polite. The reverse is true, however, of such

expressives as blaming and accusing. (106)

5. Declaration

Declarations are illocutions whose successful performance bring about

the correspondence between the propositional content and reality, for

examples are resigning, dismissing, christening, naming,

excommunicating, appointing, sentencing, etc. (Leech 107)

21

4. Politeness Theory

This theory was presented by Goffman (1963) and from the English folk

term, which ties face up with notions of being embarrassed or “losing face”.

(Brown & Levinson 61) In this theory, two main types of face that are

universally recognized in human cultures are the positive and negative faces.

Negative face is the want of every competent adult member that his actions be

unimpeded by others. Positive face is the want of every member that his wants

be desirable to at least some other. (Brown & Levinson 62) Politeness theory was

formulated by Brown and Levinson. It addresses the affront to face posed by

face-threatening acts to addresses.

Ferguson defines politeness as formulas in terms of “interpersonal rituals”

(138). Politeness “helps us to achieve effective social living” (Watts, T. J, &

Ehlich, K. 2). Politeness is a pervasive phenomenon in all communities. It

became the major component of a “dominant ideological discourse in Britain in

the eighteenth century” (Watts 40). Fraser sees politeness as “a property

associated with an utterance in which, according to the hearer, the speaker has

neither exceeded any rights nor failed to fulfill any obligations” (13). The social

relationships outlined through history in near Eastern and later European

societies show the manner in which the forms of politeness gradually evolved in

specific conditions (R. Watts & K. Ehilch)

22

4.1. Face Threatening Acts

Face-Threatening Acts (FTA) can be defined as acts that inherently

damage the face of the addressee or the speaker by acting in opposition to the

wants and desires of the other (Brown & Levinson 26). For negative Face

Threatening Acts, Brown and Levinson (1978) state that negative face is

threatened when an individual does not avoid or intends to avoid the obstructions

of his interlocutor's freedom of action. Because of the negative face, the speaker

or hearer will have trouble in communication which results in the submission of

will to the other and the construction of communication. When a negative face is

threatened on the hearer and the speaker, as explained in the section that follows,

freedom of choice and action is obstructed.

a) Damage to the Hearer: Through the form of orders, requests, suggestions,

advice, threats.

b) Damage to the Speaker: An act or communication that shows the speaker is

under the power of the hearer; expressing compliments and thanks, accepting

thanks or saying „excuse me‟.

In the case of positive Face Threatening Acts, the speaker or hearer does

not care about the other person‟s needs or feelings. Damage to the hearer or

speaker could result from positive face threatening acts. Therefore, when a person

is obligated to be apart from a group of people, their well-being is dealt with less

care and threatens positive face.

23

a) Damage to the Hearer: An act that shows the speakers‟ expressions toward the

hearer‟s positive face. The speaker expresses his willingness to disregard the

emotion of well-being to the hearer.

b) Damage to the Speaker: An act that shows the speaker is unable to control

himself and that would call for the need of apology and regret for doing an act.

(Zena Moayad Najeeb 130)

4.2. Politeness Strategy

According to Brown and Levinson, politeness strategies are used to save

the hearer‟s face when face-threatening acts are desired or necessary (68). These

strategies are:

A. Bald On-record: doing act baldly, involves doing it in the most direct, clear,

unambiguous and concise way possible. It is mostly used where the danger to

H‟s face is very small, as in offers, requests, and suggestions (e.g. come in or

do sit down). Another example can be seen in instances of urgency: „Watch

out!‟ or „Be careful!‟ In instances of efficiency: „come in‟.(69)

B. Positive Politeness: oriented to reduce a threat to the hearer‟s positive face

and to ensure that the hearer is comfortable, such as: prevent disagreement

and jokes, be optimistic, use of solidarity, make a promise, listen and attend

to the hearers‟ needs and wants. (70)

Strategy 1: Notice, attend to H (her/his interests, wants, needs, goods, etc.

Example: Jim, you‟re really good at solving computer problems.

24

Strategy 2: Exaggerate (interest, approval, sympathy with H). Example:

Good old Jim. Just the man I wanted to see. I knew I‟d find you here.

Strategy 3: Intensify interest to the hearer in the speaker’s contribution.

Example: You m never guess what Fred told me last night. This is right up

your street. →(FTA) [begins a narrative]

Strategy 4: Use in-group identity markers in speech. Example: Here‟s my

old mate Fred. How are you doing today, mate?

Strategy 5: Seek agreement in safe topics. Example: I agree. Right.

Manchester United played really badly last night, didn‟t they?

Strategy 6: Avoid disagreement. Example: Well, in a way, I suppose you‟re

sort of right. But look at it like this…

Strategy 7: Presuppose, raise, and assert common ground. Example:

People like me and you, Bill, don‟t like being pushed around like that, do we?

Strategy 8: Joke to put the hearer at ease. Example: Great summer we‟re

having. It‟s only rained five times a week on average.

Strategy 9: Assert or presuppose knowledge of and concern for hearer’s

wants. Example: I know you like marshmallows, so I‟ve brought you home a

whole box of them.

Strategy 10: Offer, promise. Example: I‟ll take you out to dinner on

Saturday.

25

Strategy 11: Be optimistic that the hearer wants what the speaker wants,

i.e. that the FTA is slight: I know you‟re always glad to get a tip or two on

gardening, Fred.

Strategy 12 Include both S and H in the activity. Example: I‟m feeling

really hungry. Let‟s stop for a bite.

Strategy 13 Give or ask for reasons: I think you‟ve had a bit too much to

drink, Jim.

Strategy 14 Assert reciprocal exchange. For example: I‟ll mow the lawn

after school tomorrow. → (FTA) if you help me with my math homework.

Strategy 15 Give gifts to H (goods, sympathy, understanding, and

cooperation). Example:

A: Have a glass of malt whiskey, Dick.

B: Terrific! Thanks.

A: Not at all. (Watts 89-90)

C. Negative Politeness: This is usually oriented from the hearer‟s negative face.

Negative face is the desire to remain autonomous so the speaker is more

appropriate to include an out for the listener, through distancing styles like

apologize (Mills, 2003).

Strategy 1: Be conventionally indirect. Example: Could you tell me the

time, please?

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Strategy 2: Do not assume willingness to comply. Question, hedge.

Example: I wonder whether I could just sort of ask you a little question.

Strategy 3: Be pessimistic about ability or willingness to comply. Use the

subjunctive. Example: If you had a little time to spare for me this afternoon,

I‟d like to talk about my paper.

Strategy 4: Minimise the imposition. Example: Could I talk to you for just a

minute?

Strategy 5: Give deference. Example: (to a police constable) Excuse me,

officer. I think I might have parked in the wrong place.

Strategy 6: Apologise. Example: Sorry to bother you,but...

Strategy 7: Impersonalise the speaker and the hearer. Example:

A: That car‟s parked in a no-parking area.

B: It‟s mine, officer.

A: Well, it‟ll have to have a parking ticket.

Strategy 8: State the FTA as an instance of a general rule. Example:

Parking on the double yellow lines is illegal → (FTA) I‟m going to have to

give you a fine.

Strategy 9: Nominalise to distance the actor and add formality. Example:

Participation in an illegal demonstration is punishable by law. → (FTA)

Could I have your name and address, madam?

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Strategy 10: Go on record as incurring a debt, or as not indebting H.

Example: I‟ll buy you a beer at lunchtime. → (FTA) If you could just sort out

a problem I‟ve got with my formatting. (Watts 90-91)

D. Off record: This strategy includes metaphor and irony rhetorical questions,

understatement, tautologies, and uses connotations instead of direct requests.

For example, a speaker might say „my home is too far from here‟, which

would imply to the listener to take an action, such as drive the speaker home

or let the speaker stay in hearer‟s place, without directly asking him/her to do

so. (Brown & Levinson 69)

Strategy 1: give hints. Example: it‟s cold here (shut the window)

Strategy 2: give association clues. The act of implied something associated

with S-H‟s mutual knowledge irrespective of their interactional experience.

Strategy 3: presuppose. An utterance of this strategy can be almost wholly

relevant in context.

Strategy 4: understate. Example:

A: what a beautiful house B: oh I don‟t know it‟s a house

Strategy 5: overstate. Example: I have seen it thousand times, but she‟s not

there.

Strategy 6: use tautologies. Example: if I won‟t say it, I won‟t.

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Strategy 7: use contradictions. Example: so happy that my teacher doesn‟t

care about be.

Strategy 8: be ironic. Example: Abrar‟s a real genius (after he just done

stupid things)

Strategy 9: use metaphor. Example: Abrar‟s real fish (He drinks/ swims

like a fish)

Strategy 10: use rhetorical questions. Example: how many times do I have

to tell you about that?

Strategy 11: be ambiguous. Example: Frank‟s a pretty smooth cookie.

Strategy 12: be vague. Example: I‟m going to you-know-where.

Strategy 13: over-generalize. Example: people who live in glass houses

shouldn‟t throw stones

Strategy 14: displace H. Example: he never comes here for a long time.

Strategy 15: be incomplete, use ellipsis. Example: well, I didn‟t see you in

class this morning. (Brown & Levinson)

E. Do not do FTA or zero strategy: if the speaker decides that degree of the

FTA is too great, he may decide to avoid offending H at all with this

particular FTA, or he prefers to say nothing verbally or non-verbally. (Leech

72)

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4.3. Factors Influencing the Choice of Strategies:

1. The payoffs: a priori considerations. Here is the list of the payoff associated

with each of the strategies, derived on a priori grounds.

a) Bald on record payoffs: Efficiency, Clarity, perspicuous, Demonstrable

non manipulativenes. Example: yes you may enter the room. By uttering

that, the speaker can get the advantage of getting the acclaim of honesty,

for indicating that he trusts the addressee. (Brown & Levinson 71)

b) Positive politeness payoffs: To satisfy H‟s positive face, in some respect.

Example: what a beautiful house, it just like a princess’ castle. The

speaker can reduce FTA by declaring the hearer that he considers himself

to be „of the same kind‟.(71)

c) Negative politeness payoffs: To satisfy H‟s negative face, in some degree.

Example: “Can you possibly help me with this?” (189) the speaker can

thereby avoid incurring a future debt.(72)

d) Off record payoffs: speaker can satisfy negative face to a degree greater

than that afforded by the negative politeness strategy. The speaker can

avoid the inescapable accountability, the responsibility for his action, that

on record strategies entail. Example: I can’t open this jar. The speaker can

avoid the potential threat of ordering the hearer to help him open the

jar.(72)

e) Do not do the FTA payoffs: speaker avoids offending hearer at all. (72)

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2. The Circumsance: Sociological factor. Brown and Levinson argue that the

assessment of the seriousness involves the following factors in many and perhaps

all culture:

a) The social distance (D) of S and H (a symmetric relation). Example:

1. “Excuse me, would you by any chance have the time?”

2. “Got the time, mate?” (80)

Where speaker and hearer are strangers, speaker could use (1) and where

speaker and hearer are close, speaker could use (2). The distance of the

speaker and hearer is the variable that changes (1) to (2) and vice versa.

b) The relative power (P) of S and H (an asymmetric relation). Example:

1. Excuse me sir, would it be all right if I take it?

2. Mind if I take it?

In the same situation, (1) might be said by an employee to his boss, while

(2) might be said by the boss to the employee. Power of the hearer which

greater than speaker is the only variable that changes (2) to (1) and vice

versa

c) The absolute ranking (Rx) of imposition in particular culture. Example:

1. Look, I‟m terribly sorry to bother but would there be any chance of

your borrowing me your phone? I must have lost my phone and I can‟t

go home without calling my husband.

2. Hey, can I use your phone?

Both might be said in the airport by a traveler to a stranger. The only

variable is R, and it must because the value of R is lower in (6) that the

language applicable to a low FTA value is employed there. (80-81)

3. The integration of assessment of payoff and weighting of risk in the choice

of strategies. If it is empirically the case that FTA danger is assessed by

estimating P, D, and R values. Then the speaker will choose a higher numbered

strategy as the threat increase. (84)

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CHAPTER III

RESEARCH FINDINGS

1. Data Description

The data for this research was collected from an interview between Ellen

DeGeneres and Barrack Obama. The interview held on February 12, 2016 has

duration 21 minutes 49 seconds and broadcasted for Ellen DeGeneres Talk Show.

The data is from Ellen‟s and Obama‟s utterance which contain politeness strategy

and transcript into a script form. Below are the corpus data the writer has

obtained:

Table 3.1. politeness strategies in corpus data

No. Politeness Strategies Observance of Politeness Strategies

1 Bald on record -

2 Positive politeness 17

3 Negative politeness 4

4 Off record -

5 Do not do the FTA -

Total 21

Ellen as the host of talk show and Obama as the guest made utterances in

the form of question and statement. Through their words the writer analyzed

strategies employed by them. The analysis is divided into three parts the first one

is Ellen‟s politeness strategy, the second is Obama‟s politeness strategy, and the

last is the speaker‟s factors of for using some kinds of strategies. The theories

31

32

used for analyzed for the data are politeness strategy by Brown and Levinson, and

speech act by Austin.

2. Data Analysis

In this part, the analysis has been divided into 12 dialogues which contain

politeness strategy. Every dialogue has been analyzed based on the context of

utterance, illocution act, FTA, and the factors influencing the choice of strategy.

Dialogue 1

(1) 0:12

Ellen: When I was a little girl growing up in New Orleans I never dreamed

that have my own show and I certainly never thought I'd be able to say

these words. Please welcome the President of the United States Barack

Obama (audiences clapping)

(2) 0:51

Obama: Can I just say I was watching some of the dance moves on

that stage. You guys don’t forget? I like it

(3) 1:00

Ellen: Yap the gentlemen they were on the floor touch falling very well

a. Politeness Strategy in Dialogue 1

In datum (1) Ellen used negative politeness in strategy 2 which is hedge by

mentioning word “Please” before she uttered a direction. Here Ellen asked her

audiences to welcome Mr. President while he was entering the talk show stage.

The illocution used here is directive, where S want X or speaker wanted situation.

In this case, the situation that is wanted by Ellen as speaker was her audiences in

the studio were welcoming Mr. President. This action could be threatening

33

negative face of her audiences because it predicted some future act of hearer and

in so doing put some pressure on hearer to do the act.

In the meantime, Obama used positive politeness in strategy 9 in datum (2)

which is assert or presuppose speaker’s knowledge of and concern for hearer’s

wants. This is the first utterances Obama uttered after he entered the talk show

stage. Obama ever saw the dance on talk show stage several times ago in his

previous interview with Ellen. The illocution used by Obama was assertive

because he was reporting something.

b. Factors Influencing the Choice of Strategy in Dialogue 1

1. Payoff to Use Politeness Strategies

Ellen‟s payoff in datum (1) for using negative politeness in strategy 2 is to

save the audience‟s negative face. By using this strategy, Ellen could give a

direction to her interlocutors without threatening their negative face. This strategy

could redress audiences‟ negative face by carefully avoiding presuming or

assuming that anything involved in the FTA is desired by them.

Meanwhile, Obama‟s payoff in datum (2) for using positive politeness in

strategy 9 is to satisfy his interlocutor‟s face. It derives from the want to convey

that the speaker and the addressee are cooperatively involved in the relevant

activity. He wanted to show that he had been familiar with the stage because he

had come there before.

34

2. Sociological value

The social distance factor in datum (1) has a great value for the FTA

weightiness. The social distance between Ellen and her audience was great based

on an assessment of the frequency of the interaction.

Table 3.2. The analysis of politeness strategy in dialogue 1

No.

Data Speaker FTA

Politeness

strategy

Factor the Choice of Strategy

Payoff Sociological

1 Ellen Request

negative

politeness in

strategy 2; hedge

save the

audience‟s

negative face

Distance

2 Obama No FTA

positive

politeness in

strategy 9; assert

or presuppose

speaker‟s

knowledge of and

concern for

hearer‟s wants

satisfy

audience‟s face

-

Dialogue 2

(9) 1:18

Ellen: the last time you were here you are running for president and now

you're leaving I feel like I have something to do with this both. An

obvious question but what how do you feel now compared to when you

were here before?

(10) 1:32

Obama: older

(11) 1:35

Ellen: yes you can say that. Tired?

35

(12) 1:37

Obama: you know over the interesting thing is actually I feel really

energetic. The first time I came, there was a lot of possibilities out there

but also uncertain and you know. You're young you're eager to get

started but you don't know what you don't know and now after

having served for seven years, and having got a lot done seen the

progress that we've made. Seeing the incredible resilience the

American people in fighting back from recession and more in some

ways. The fear drops away you feel confident but America's going to

do well you know the job better or more relaxed than and just as

enthusiastic as I was the first NASCAR


As seen in (9), Ellen used negative politeness in strategy 6; apologize.

Here Ellen was asked to Obama what it was felt like become someone who‟s

going to leave his tenure. Now Obama is in the end of his period as a President of

U.S. and will be an ex-President. That‟s mean Obama is going to become

someone who‟s not powerful as he used to be. The illocution used in Ellen‟s

utterance is directive where the S want X or speaker wanted situation. Here Ellen

as speaker wanted to get information from her interlocutor, but the information

which Ellen needed to know could threat Obama‟s negative face and her positive

face for impinging.

In utterance (12) Obama was using two strategies, first is positive

politeness in strategy 7 which is presuppose common ground in the point-of-view

operation strategy. Obama uttered this when he was answering Ellen‟s question of

how it feels like when he became President in the beginning of period. The

illocution used here is assertive where S believes X or speaker believes situation.

36

In this case, Obama believed what he uttered because that was his own

experience.

The second strategy is positive politeness in strategy 3 which is intensify

interest to H. This talk show was produced and broadcasted in America (and other

countries). The hearer in this utterance is not just Ellen, but also American people

who watched this talk show. Obama praised America people for being struggle

with their country‟s condition.


1. Payoff

Ellen‟s payoff for using negative politeness is to save Obama‟s negative face.

She was using hedge before uttering her question. She described Obama‟s current

condition implied in her utterance when she said that Obama ever come to her

show before. Then Ellen used negative politeness in strategy 6 to communicate

she wanted to not impinge on Obama. Ellen could indicate her reluctance to

impinge on her interlocutor‟s negative face and thereby partially redress that

impingement. She admitted that she was impinging on Obama‟s face by using

hedge “an obvious question but...” before uttering the question. This strategy is

implied that Ellen as speaker was indirectly apologizing for doing FTA.

Positive politeness in strategy 7 is approach-based in datum (12), Obama

taking the role of Ellen in order to reduce the distance between his and Ellen‟s

point of view by using personal-center switch, speaker to hearer. The payoff of

this act is to satisfy Ellen‟s positive face. He spoke as if Ellen was him by using

37

word you instead of I. He told about his experience to Ellen but he talked like

Ellen did that experience.

The payoff of using the second strategy which is positive politeness in strategy

3 is to satisfy hearers who are viewers of the show, whether in the home or studio.

Obama intensified his interest to the hearers who are America people. He making

a good story that seeing America people are struggling from country collapse was

pleased him a lot.


The power P factor in (9) was more considerable in this utterance, where hearer

has greater power over the speaker and this again lessens of FTA weightiness

which provided Ellen with the reason for her choice of strategy.


No.

Data Speaker FTA Politeness strategy


Payoff Sociological

9 Ellen

Request

forpersonal

information

negative politeness

in strategy 6;

apologize

Save

Obama‟s

negative face

Power

12

Obama

No FTA

positive politeness

in strategy 7;

presuppose

common ground in

the point-of-view

operation strategy

Satisfy

Ellen‟s

positive face

-

12 Obama No FTA positive politeness

in strategy 3

Satisfy

viewer‟s

positive face

-

38

Dialogue 3

(20) 4:22

Ellen: ... I think we have people that we all have one thing in

common which we just want a good quality of life and then we

have these people that feel one way and if someone feels another

way we tend to hate them and it's just you know

(21) 4:48

Obama: it's not helpful

(22) 4:50

Ellen: no. it's not helpful


From this dialogue, it (22) can be seen that Ellen used positive politeness

strategy in strategy 5 which is seek agreement. They were talking about the civil

who hates other who have different choice for the later U.S. election. Ellen said

that it was not helpful to hate other since they all live in the same country and

Obama agree with her by repeating Obama‟s utterance. The illocution used here is

assertive where Ellen as speaker stated her agreement with her interlocutor.


1. Payoff

The payoff for using positive politeness in strategy 5 is to save Obama's positive

face. The disagreement could be a threatened for the hearer that's why Ellen used

seek agreement strategy in order to avoid FTA. In this part of dialogue, Ellen was

agreed with what Obama said which means Ellen claimed common perspective

with Obama.

39


Obama as addressee has greater power over the speaker and this again lessens of

FTA weightiness which provided speaker with the reason for her choice of

strategy.


No.

Data Speaker FTA

Politeness

strategy


Payoff Sociological

22 Ellen Contradiction

Positive

politeness

strategy in

strategy 5

which is seek

agreement.

save

addressee‟s

negative face

Power

Obama - - - -

Dialogue 4

(29) 6:37

Obama: she go down pretty far

(30) 6:38

Ellen: no no no. not as far as down as me

(31) 6:42

Obama: I mean those include you have good form

(32) 6:47

Ellen: I have better form than her

(33) 6:50

Obama: you have a good form

40


It seen in (33) that Obama used positive politeness in strategy 6 which is

avoid disagreement. Obama uttered it after they saw Michelle and Ellen's push up

battle video. Ellen said that she has a better form than Michelle. Obama indirectly

disagreed with her. Illocution used here was assertive when speaker commits to

the truth.


1. Payoff to Use Politeness Strategies

Obama‟s payoff for using positive politeness in strategy 6 is to save Ellen‟s

positive face. He could threat Ellen‟s face if he showed his disagreement. The

sub-strategy used by speaker is token agreement where Obama pretend to agree

with Ellen in order to hide his disagreement.


Speaker considered the FTA‟s weightiness was measured by his interlocutor‟s

power. Ellen as host of the talk show has greater power over Obama in the talk

show stage.


No. Speaker FTA Politeness

strategy


Payoff Sociological

Ellen - - - -

33 Obama Disagreement

Positive

politeness

strategy in

save

addressee‟s

negative face

Power

41

strategy 5

which is seek

agreement.

Dialogue 5

(34) 6:54

Ellen: We do have to break but before we‟re gonna break we have had a

little bit of fun with you over the years and I wanna...

(35) 7:00

Obama: notice I heard about this I will be watching every day


It could be detected in this part of dialogue (35) that Obama used positive

politeness in strategy 9 which is assert or presuppose speaker’s knowledge of and

concern for hearer’s wants. Obama was implying his knowledge of Ellen‟s

wants. Obama said that he was familiar already with her show because he always

watched Ellen‟s show. The illocution used here is assertive which commit the

speaker to the truth of the expressed proposition.


1. The payoffs

The payoff in using positive politeness in strategy 9 is to satisfy his interlocutor‟s

positive face. Obama tried to concern what Ellen wants, he conveyed that they are

cooperators. In this case Obama help Ellen in increasing the rating of her talk

show. Ellen as host of the show would absolutely want to get many viewers for

her show.

42


No.

Data Speaker FTA Politeness strategy


Payoff Sociological

Ellen - - - -

35 Obama No FTA

assert or presuppose

speaker‟s knowledge

of and concern for

hearer‟s wants

satisfy his

interlocutor‟s

positive face

-

Dialogue 6

(36) 7:03

Ellen: I don't know if you watch every day

(37) 7:06

Obama: you know when I'm in the Situation Room and we’re talking

about counter-terrorism strategy, then I say you know what? we got a

break for Ellen

(38) 7:20

Ellen: that‟s why I like you come here


In this utterance (36) Ellen used negative politeness in strategy 3 which is

be pessimistic. She uttered this utterance in replying to Obama‟s statement that he

watched Ellen‟s talk show every day. Ellen as the host of the show must be very

happy if her show watched by a lot of people, and it such an honor if Obama as

President make a time to watch her talk show. The illocution used is assertive

when S believes X, in this case Ellen did not believe that Obama watched her

43

show every day. She could threat her interlocutor‟s face if she said directly if she

did not believe him and asked for future fact.

In (37) Obama used positive politeness in strategy 1 which is notice,

attend to hearer. After Obama said that he been watched Ellen talk show every

day, he strength his statement by mentioned that he even watched it in his meeting

time. Ellen as the host of talk show must be feel honored her show was got more

attention from The President. The illocution used here is assertive, because

Obama as speaker reported something.


1. The payoffs

Ellen‟s payoff for using negative politeness in strategy 3 is to save

Obama‟s negative face. Ellen was indirectly arguing Obama that he watched it

every day since Ellen knew that Obama as President must be has a limit time. By

being pessimistic Ellen not directly ask Obama if his statement was true or not.

This strategy gives redress to Obama‟s negative face by explicitly expressing

doubt that the conditions for the appropriateness of speaker‟s speech act obtain.

Obama‟s payoff of using positive politeness in strategy 1 is to satisfy Ellen‟s

positive face. Obama made Ellen talk show considered as something important.

As the host of talk show she needed appreciation from the viewers in every

element, especially Obama the Mr. President who took time just to watch it.

Obama claimed common ground with his interlocutor by showing that he loved

the talk show.

44


The reason for choosing strategy 3 is because Ellen as speaker asserted that hearer

is relatively more powerful than her, she indicated that the weight of FTA was

assessed crucially on values of power.


No.

Data Speaker FTA

Politeness

strategy


Payoff Sociological

36 Ellen

Blatant non-

cooperation

in activity

negative

politeness in

strategy 3 which

is be pessimistic

Save Obama‟s

negative face Power

37 Obama No FTA

positive

politeness in

strategy 1 which

is notice, attend

to hearer

- -

Dialogue 7

(55) 10:02

Obama: I don‟t miss plane commercial. Take your shoes off

(56) 10:09

Ellen: ouch. It’s stinky

(57) 10:10

Ellen: not yours. Not yours

(58) 10:14

Obama: I wear clean stuff I don‟t know about you

(59) 10:21

Ellen: with the other people take their shoes off

45


In (56, 57, 59) Ellen used positive politeness in strategy 8 which is joke.

In this dialogue Ellen uttered something ambiguity. She said that it’s stinky and

make Obama though that it was for him but what Ellen means was not Obama‟s

shoes are stinky but other people‟s shoes are stinky. She aimed to be hilarious and

having a fun conversation. The illocution used here is assertive which has a

function of collaborative where the illocution goal is indifferent with the social

goal.


1. Payoff

Ellen‟s payoff for using positive politeness in strategy 8 is to warm the situation

and invite hearer to laugh. Ellen as speaker saved Obama‟s positive face by

uttered with people take their shoes off which implicated that Obama‟s shoes are

clean and he was not threatened. When speaker and hearer were laughing together

they could warm the atmosphere which aimed to make closer the relationship of

them. The social goal Ellen achieved here she considered for being funny and

succeed entertain her interlocutor.


The distance value was the factor in choosing the joke strategy. The act of giving

positive politeness is reflecting the social closeness between Ellen and Obama.

Since Obama ever came to the show several times before, they have a lot of

frequency of interaction. Both of them are realized each other‟s great humor

sense.

46


No.

Data Speaker FTA

Politeness

strategy


Payoff Sociological

36 Ellen No FTA

Positive

politeness in

strategy 8 which

is joke

Satisfy

Obama‟s

positive face

Distance

37 Obama - - - -

Dialogue 8

(74) 11:56

Ellen: we have to take another break. We‟ll be back

(75) 12:46

Ellen: We‟re back with Mr. President Barrack Obama and I mention in the

monolog but I can‟t tell you and thank you enough for what you’ve

done for the gay communities.


As seen in (75), Ellen used positive politeness in strategy 2; exaggerate.

She uttered this utterance in the beginning of the talk show after its commercial

break. She noticed the kindness of Mr. Obama for what he had done for gay

community, Obama as President has built a legacy on gay right. Ellen also invited

the audience and viewers at home to notice Obama's kindness. The illocution used

here is expressive where S feels X or speaker feels situation. In this case, Ellen as

speaker felt what happened to gay community in U.S. and also felt what her

interlocutor's needs; approval and interest.

47


1. Payoff

The speaker's payoff in datum (75) for using positive politeness in strategy 2

is to save her interlocutor's positive face. Ellen indicated that she and Obama both

belong to some set of person who shared specific wants, including goals and

values. Since Ellen is a lesbian and part of LGBT it must be assured that she

support every good thing that happened to gay community. She saved Obama's

positive face by showing her approval and interest for what he was done and

thanked him.


No.

Data Speaker FTA

Politeness

strategy


Payoff Sociological

75 Ellen No FTA

positive

politeness in

strategy 2;

exaggerate

Satisfy

Obama‟s

positive face

Distance

Obama - - - -

Dialogue 9

(76) 13:02

Obama: That‟s one thing I promise them. because my Don‟t Ask Don‟t

Tell cautious based on the idea that we constantly want to include people

in that explosion how we bring more and more people into opportunity and

success and feeling hopeful about their lives and but I will say we were

driving over Tuesday night I met this guy said it to my staff I said as much

as we've done with laws and ending Don't Ask Don't Tell etcetera

changing hearts and minds. I don't think anybody even more influential

48

than you are that I really think. you’re courage and you're just really

likable and so to claim who you were then suddenly empowers other

people and then something it's your brother is here on call let's hear

your best friend it's your co-workers and and and then attitudes shift

and the loss followed but it started with folks like you

(77) 14:26

Ellen: a lot of that. Well, thank you

(78) 14:36

Ellen: I’m not really gay


In (76) Obama observed positive politeness in strategy 15 which is give gift to

hearer. Obama told Ellen that she has an amazing personality; she was given great

influence for the other LGBT to be fearless. Since people who love their own

gender were bullied by other but Ellen who claimed herself as lesbian could live

happily and feel free. She could reach success instead of being sad of her

condition. Illocution used here is assertive where Obama as speaker give a

compliment to his interlocutor.

It (77) could be detected that Ellen used negative politeness in strategy 4

which is minimize the imposition. She uttered this utterance after Obama

compliment her. The illocution used here is expressive where S feels X or speaker

feels situation. In this situation Ellen felt that Obama could threat his negative

face for over complimenting her, which means Obama as speaker is under power

of the hearer. Ellen wanted to stop Obama for complimenting her and thanked for

his compliment.

In (78) Ellen used positive politeness in strategy 8 which is joke. Ellen

said that she was not a gay when Obama appreciate her for became a fearless

lesbian and inspiring people. Ellen has won great popularity as a lesbian and she

49

said that she was not a gay and made audiences in the studio were falling into

laughter because they knew that Ellen is a lesbian. She used assertive illocution

which commits speaker to the truth of the expressed proposition.


1. Payoff

In datum (76) Obama used positive politeness strategy in strategy 15 in

order to satisfy Ellen's positive face wants. He did a gift-giving action, he gave a

compliment to Ellen and make Ellen felt admired, Obama said that he proud of

Ellen with her role, Ellen as a Lesbian could empower other people and become

so influential and Obama really appreciated it. That could fulfill Ellen's human-

relations wants to be accepted, liked, and understood.

The payoff in datum (77) of using negative politeness in strategy 4 for this

case is to save Obama's negative face and Ellen's positive face. Ellen may feel

constrained when Obama give a compliment because it could threaten to the

Obama himself, for being under power of the interlocutor. Ellen wanted to stop

Obama being under her power using negative politeness in strategy 4. By

minimizing the imposition to prevent Obama from giving compliment to her,

Ellen could save Obama's negative face.

Positive politeness in strategy 8 is approach-based in (78), so the host

approaches the guest by means of employing joke and notice. The aim in using

joke strategy is to satisfy Obama‟s positive face. Being interested in a person‟s

50

jokes and falling into laughter can greatly save one‟s face because everyone likes

to be considered humorous.


In datum (77) Ellen considered the Power of Obama when Obama complimenting

her, she felt constrained to denigrate the object of Obama's prior compliment, thus

damaging his own face. Obama's power value also measured when she stop

Obama for complimenting her.


No.

Data Speaker FTA

Politeness

strategy


Payoff Sociological

76 Obama No FTA

Positive

politeness in

strategy 15 which

is give gift to

hearer

Satisfy Ellen‟s

positive face -

77 Ellen Accepting

compliment

negative

politeness in

strategy 4 which

is minimize the

imposition

Save Obama‟s

negative face

and Ellen‟s

positive face

Power

78 Ellen No FTA

Positive

politeness in

strategy 8 which

is joke

Satisfy

Obama‟s

positive face

-

51

Dialogue 10

(82) 15:04

Obama: it‟s hard. As Michelle reminds me our job is to prepare them not

to meet us and both my daughters are wonderful people... they really are

just solid kids they don't have an attitude there courteous and kind to

everybody and they work hard they don't feel like they're entitled

anything

(83) 16:00

Ellen: they have great parents and I both you and Michelle are really

really amazing Michelle is such a strong and wonderful role model for

all women and I you know she's been a great first lady

(84) 16:23

Obama: I agree. That‟s I agree


In (82) the speaker used positive politeness in strategy 15 which is give

gift. In this dialogue Obama was talking about his daughter, he so glad about their

attitude. Since the show aired in America and won great popularity, there's a big

possibility that his daughters watched the show. The illocution used here is

assertive where speaker believes situation.

As seen in (83), Ellen used positive politeness in strategy 1 that is notice,

attend to hearer. Ellen is praising Obama‟s family when they are talking about his

daughters. Illocution used here is expressive which have the function of

expressing, or making known, the speaker‟s psychological attitude towards a state

of affairs which the illocution presuppose. In this case Ellen wanted to express her

attentiveness towards Obama‟s family.

52


1. Payoff

The payoff in datum (82) for using positive politeness in strategy 15 is to

satisfy hearer's face. The hearer who satisfied by Obama is this dialogue is his

daughters. A gift that Obama gave is human-relation wants which is to be cared

about. He wanted to show to them that he really thankful for having daughters like

them.

To satisfy Obama's positive face for being admirable and interesting is the

purpose of using positive politeness in strategy 1 in datum (83). As a family-man

who loves to show off his family, Obama must be happy if somebody noticed the

good things about them. By praising his daughter's and wife, Ellen could satisfy

Obama's wants, for having a perfect family.


No.

Data Speaker FTA

Politeness

strategy


Payoff Sociological

82 Obama No FTA

positive

politeness in

strategy 15

which is give

gift to hearer

Satisfy hearer‟s

face -

83 Ellen No FTA

positive

politeness in

strategy 1 that is

notice, attend to

hearer

Save Obama‟s

positive face

53

Dialogue 11

(85) 16:31

Ellen: and you’ve been a great president and just like what you said

people can say things over and over and over again about unemployment

or the economy or anything else I can but if if you really if you listen to

that you're gonna believe it if you look at and in looking into it and

see what the facts are it's just not the truth

(86) 16:47

Obama: we're better off now than we were when I came

(87) 16:49

Ellen: you’ve done amazing job


In (85&87) Ellen used positive politeness in strategy 15 which is give gift

to hearer. In this dialogue Ellen praised Obama for what he had done for the

country, he had done amazing job and gave his best dedication for U.S. She

praised him for stay on his own principle in leading the country. Again the

speaker used expressive illocution where Ellen as the speaker an also the civil felt

the impact of Obama‟s dedication. She also felt the need of her interlocutor to get

praise for what he had done after having served for seven years.


1. Payoff

The speaker's purpose of using this strategy is to satisfy her interlocutor's

positive face. Ellen was satisfied Obama's positive face wants by gave gift of

human relations wants, which is a compliment and admitted that he had become a

great President. The gift gave by Ellen is the Obama's desires as a President who

54

had chance to lead U.S. for two eras and now he is at the end of it. He must be so

proud if his civil was happy and satisfied with his dedication all this time.


No.

Data Speaker FTA

Politeness

strategy


Payoff Sociological

85,87 Ellen No FTA

positive

politeness in

strategy 15

which is give a

gift

Save Obama‟s

positive face -

Obama - - - -

Dialogue 12

(94) 18:10

Ellen: I have something to give you then.

(95) 18:11

Obama: you do? Ok. Let‟s see

(96) 18:14

Ellen: so it‟s a charm and it's my picture and your picture

(97) 18:20

Obama: oh yeah look at that. This is so sweet. Thank you

(98) 18:29

Ellen: so that‟s for you to keep it all time

(99) 18:31

Obama: I will

(100) 18:33

Ellen: all right

(101) 18:34

Obama: yap

55


In (94) Ellen used positive politeness in strategy 15 which is give a gift to

hearer. The gift gave by Ellen here is tangible gift that is a heart-shaped charm

contained Ellen and Obama‟s pictures inside. She gave the gift right before they

ended the interview. The illocution used by Ellen is commissive which is offer,

where the illocution act commit speaker to do future action. The future action

after Ellen said that she will give Obama something is she give a charm to him.

In (97) it is clearly seen that Obama observed positive politeness strategy

in strategy 2 which is exaggerate. Obama uttered this after he got a heart-shaped

charm from Ellen and he used exaggerate intonation to show he loved the gift

from his interlocutor. The illocution used by the speaker was expressive because

he gave a compliment to the gift which just an ordinary charm.

In (99) Obama used positive politeness in strategy 10 which is promise. After

Ellen gave him a gift and asked him to keep it, Obama promise to Ellen that he

will keep the gift. The illocution used by speaker here is commissive because

Obama promise to Ellen to keep the gift that she gave. The future action Obama

do after uttered that illocution act is never let the gift lost.

56


1. Payoff

The payoff in datum (94) for using positive politeness in strategy 15 is to

satisfy Obama's positive face. Ellen wanted to please Obama by gave him

something before he leaves the talk show stage. She fulfilled Obama's wants since

she knew that he loved to collect charm from people. The picture inside is aimed

to close their human relation.

Datum (97)'s payoff for using positive politeness in strategy 2 is to save

his interlocutor's positive face. Obama could hurt Ellen who has given him a gift

by refused it. He accepted the charm and gave a compliment to it in order to praise

someone who has been kind to him by gave him a gift.

The speaker‟s payoff in datum (99) for using positive politeness in

strategy 10 is to save Ellen‟s positive face. He could threat Ellen‟s face if he reject

Ellen‟s offer for keeping the gift from her. The strategy 10 was chosen in order to

redress the potential threat; Obama may choose to stress his cooperation in

claiming Ellen‟s want which is the wants for Obama keep the gift.


The sociological value in datum (99) is power. As the talk show host, Ellen

has greater power than Obama in the talk show stage. Obama maintain Ellen‟s

positive face by did not reject the gift from Ellen

57


No.

Data Speaker FTA

Politeness

strategy


Payoff Sociological

94 Ellen No FTA

positive

politeness in

strategy 15

which is give a

gift to hearer

Satisfy

Obama‟s

positive face

-

97 Obama No FTA

positive

politeness

strategy in

strategy 2 which

is exaggerate

Satisfy Ellen‟s

positive face -

99 Obama Reject

positive

politeness in

strategy 10

which is

promise

Save Ellen‟s

positive face Power

58

Both Ellen as the talk show host and Mr. President Obama as the guest of

it used politeness strategy. In Ellen‟s utterance, writer found two Brown and

Levinson‟s strategy; they are positive and negative politeness. The data will show

into table below:

Table 3.14. Politeness strategies used by Ellen

Kind of Politeness Strategies Frequency

Positive politeness

Sub-strategies:

- Strategy 5 (seek agreement)

- Strategy 8 (joke)

- Strategy 2 (exaggerate)

- strategy 1 (notice, attend to

hearer)

- strategy 15 (give gift to hearer)

1

2

1

1

2

Negative politeness

Sub-strategies:

- Strategy 2 (hedge)

- Strategy 6 (apologize)

- Strategy 3 (be pessimistic)

- Strategy 4 (minimize the

imposition)

1

1

1

1

Total 11

59

As seen in table 4.1 above, the most often politeness strategy which Ellen

as host of talk show used is positive politeness. The sub strategy used more is

strategy 15 which is give a gift to hearer. While in Obama‟s utterance, writer

found one Brown and Levinson‟s strategy; that is positive politeness. The data

will show into table below:

Table 1.15. Politeness strategies used by Obama

Kind of Politeness Strategies Frequency

Positive politeness

Sub-strategies:

- strategy 9 (concern for hearer‟s wants)

- strategy 7 (presuppose common ground)

- strategy 3 ( intensify interest to hearer)

- strategy 1 (notice, attend to hearer)

- strategy 6 (avoid disagreement)

- strategy 15 (give gift to hearer)

- strategy 2 (exaggerate)

- strategy 10 (promise)

2

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

Total 10

As shown in the tables above, can be conclude that the most frequent

politeness strategy used by Ellen as the host and Obama as the guest is positive

politeness strategy.

60

CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

1. Conclusions

After analyzing the application of politeness strategies in the dialogues of

Ellen DeGeneres talk show episode 12 February 2016 between Ellen and Obama,

writer can draw some conclusions as follow:

First, both of speakers observed politeness strategy. The politeness

strategies used are positive and negative politeness strategy. From 12 dialogues

analyzed there are 17 positive strategies and 7 negative strategies. Furthermore,

there is no off record politeness strategy, bald on record politeness strategy, and

do not do FTA politeness strategy.

Ellen DeGeneres as the host observed more politeness strategy, positive

and negative politeness. As the famous host, she always maintains her utterance in

order to save her face and her interlocutor‟s face. She not only saved her talk

show guest, considered she also communicate with the viewers, Ellen also

maintain her utterance through the viewers, even though she has greater power

than them.

Second, Obama as the guest was polite in the talk show. Obama applied

only positive politeness strategy. His utterance was well maintained in order to

save his face and his interlocutor‟s face. He not only saved the host‟s face, but

also viewers in studio and in the house who watch the broadcasted show.

60

61

Positive politeness strategy used in the interaction between Ellen and

Obama applied in some ways, such as seek agreement, joke, exaggerate, attend to

hearer, give gift to hearer, concern for hearer‟s wants, presuppose common

ground, intensify interest to hearer, avoid disagreement, and make a promise.

While negative politeness observes in some strategies like using hedge, apologize,

be pessimistic, and minimize the imposition. The factor influencing the choice of

strategy considered by the payoff factor was more frequent than the sociological

value factor.

The most often sub strategy used by both speaker is strategy 15 in positive

politeness strategy which is give gift to hearer. Speakers observe positive

politeness strategy in give gift strategy was aimed to strengthen relationship. The

factor influencing the choice of that strategy is the payoff that is to satisfy

interlocutor‟s positive face. By using positive politeness strategy, a speaker can

minimize the face-threatening aspects of an act by assuring the addressee that

speaker considers himself to be of the same kind, that he likes him and wants his

wants.

Third, factors influencing the choice of strategy are payoff and

sociological factor. There are varied payoffs in every strategy, such as save and

satisfy guest‟s face, and save and satisfy host‟s face, and save and satisfy viewers‟

face. The sociological factors influencing the choice of strategy are social distance

of speaker and hearer and relative power of speaker and hearer. There is no

absolute ranking of impositions in the particular culture factor which influencing

speakers observe the strategy.

62

2. Suggestions

The writer suggests to further researcher on the politeness strategy on a

TV program or any kind of verbal communication to use varied object of research,

not only one episode. It is also suggested to analyze the natural dialogues,

specifically dialogues that are not broadcasted in media. By using natural

communication as the object, the researcher can find the real politeness strategy

used by the participants.

63

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66

APPENDIC

Transcript Ellen DeGeneres Talk Show

Episode February 12, 2016

Host: Ellen DeGeneres

Guest: Barrack Obama

(1) 0:12

Ellen: When I was a little girl growing up in New Orleans I never dreamed that have my

own show and I certainly never thought I'd be able to say these words. Please welcome

the president of the United States Barack Obama

(2) 0:51

Obama: Can I say I was watching some of the dance moves on that stage. You guys

don’t forget? I like it

(3) 1:00

Ellen: Yap the gentlemen they were on the floor touch falling very well

(4) 1:06

Obama: I though they hurt themselves

(5) 1:08

Ellen: you felt you didn't want to compete without coming out?

(6) 1:11

Obama: I couldn't they said the bar too high

(7) 1:14

Ellen: you're not gonna do it

(8) 1:15

66

67

Obama: no

(9) 1:18

Ellen: the last time you were here you are running for president and now you're leaving I

feel like I have something to do with this both. An obvious question but what how do

you feel now compared to when you were here before?

(10) 1:32

Obama: older

(11) 1:35

Ellen: yes you can say that. Tired?

(12) 1:37

Obama: you know over the interesting thing is actually I feel really energetic. The first

time I came, there was a lot of possibilities out there but also uncertain and you know.

You're young you're eager to get started but you don't know what you don't know

and now after having served for seven years, and having got a lot done seen the

progress that we've made. Seeing the incredible resilience the American people in

fighting back from recession and more in some ways. The fear drops away you feel

confident but America's going to do well you know the job better or more relaxed

than and just as enthusiastic as I was the first NASCAR

(13) 2:28

Ellen: do you look at what's going on now and the campaigning and do you miss it in any

way and do you look at them and you're making big mistakes

(14) 2:39

Obama: I don't miss it it's always good to get out of Washington which can sometimes be

a little depressing

(15) 2:50

Ellen: what will? to get out of Washington or to take part as President?

68

(16) 2:55

Obama: well Washington

(17) 2:57

Ellen: ok. That‟s what I just think so

(18) 3:08

Ellen: what surprise for you when you became president?

(19) 3:17

Obama: most of the time if something reaches my desk it means it's really hard which is

why they bumped it up to me because nobody else could trigger that and you know when

I came in the economy was collapsing we're about to go into the great depression we had

to make a whole bunch of decisions about saving the auto industry or making sure that

your business is got back on their feet or housing market would recover and you're you're

having to make big bets with incomplete information you're not sure that everything's

going to work and I think that part of what's happened in this Instagram Twitter culture is

that we expect quick answers without sacrifice without having to make choices and

politicians play internet but the truth matters in the world is a is a big complicated place

the good news is that you're generally going in the right direction my hope is that will

continue to do so

(20) 4:22

Ellen: that's that's ours. Everybody's hope I but let's talk about me. I feel like don't you

think if more people danced and just have fun instead of everyone takes everything so

seriously and I think that we have these you know people that all in the same kind of

kidding there obviously but but I think we have people that we all have one thing in

common which we just want a good quality of life and then we have these people that feel

one way and if someone feels another way we tend to hate them and it's just you know

(21) 4:48

Obama: it's not helpful

69

(22) 4:50

Ellen: no. it's not helpful

(23) 4:52

Obama: the amount of stuff that is just put out there on the internet or on sometimes

news broadcast that are just factually inaccurate is surprising and really hard to catch up

since I came in office we reduce the deficit by twitter but if you ask the average person

they're sure that spending his shot and the reason is because they're a bunch of folks who

say that were wildly over spending even though we are and and that's just one small

example but it happens all the time and and that's something we have to fix partly by

people paying more attention to what's going on every single day and it's hard to keep

dropping off their kids they're working they're trying to figure out how to get some

exercise do some pushups and

(24) 5:47

Ellen: speaking of her. What do you and Michelle disagree on? Like what you fight

about?

(25) 5:56

Obama: after about 15 years I finally figured out that she's always right. So surprisingly

we just stopped fighting

(26) 6:10

Ellen: there‟s no more fighting. Well she's a cheater you know that when you talk about

the pushups. I'm not gonna argue about it anymore but she's a cheater. Look how far

down I went

(27) 6:22

Obama: you're so upset about that

(28) 6:24

Ellen: I am so because she didn't go down all the way in she claims had longer arms and

so she's listen it was very impressive but she kept going but she didn't go down as far as

me

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(29) 6:37

Obama: she don‟t go very far

(30) 6:38

Ellen: no no no. no as far as down as me

(31) 6:42

Obama: I mean those include you have good form

(32) 6:47

Ellen: I have better form than her

(33) 6:50

Obama: you have a good form

(34) 6:54

Ellen: We do have to break but before we‟re gonna break we have had a little bit of fun

with you over the years and I wanna

(35) 7:00

Obama: notice I heard about this I will be watching every day

(36) 7:03

Ellen: I don't know if you watch every day

(37) 7:06

Obama: you know when I'm in the Situation Room and were talking about counter-

terrorism strategy we got a break for Ellen

(38) 7:20

Ellen: that‟s why I like you come here

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(39) 8:15

Ellen: we‟ll be back

(40) 8:50

Ellen: we‟re back with the 44th president of United States Barrack Obama. So what will

you miss about being in white house being a president? What it is one thing you thinking

this is gonna suck?

(41) 9:06

Obama: well air force one is really nice

(42) 9:10

Ellen: I just seeing house of cards is it like the plane on house of cards?

(43) 9:14

Obama: that's better

(44) 9:13

Ellen: is it? That‟s a good looking plane

(45) 9:15

Obama: that‟s a nice plane and marine one helicopter to land the plane than it is getting

the helicopter so pretty good deal

(46) 9:24

Ellen: so you don't get to do any of those anymore?

(47) 9:25

Obama: no I was told a while back that I just wanna million miles on Air Force One and

I asked is there a frequent flyer. It will make sense expert I mean their understand their

black-out dates

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(48) 9:45

Ellen: right

(49) 9:47

Obama: but the new person wasn't using it

(50) 9:51

Ellen: exactly. they're just sitting there

(51) 9:51

Obama: they're just sitting there. That‟s my point

(52) 9:55

Ellen: so you fly commercial from now on no

(53) 9:56

Obama: no

(54) 10:00

Ellen: but I mean that is something you missed

(55) 10:02

Obama: I don‟t miss plane commercial. Take your shoes off

(56) 10:09

Ellen: ouch. It’s stinky

(57) 10:10

Ellen: not yours. Not yours

(58) 10:14

Obama: I wear clean stuff I don‟t know about you

73

(59) 10:21

Ellen: with the other people take their shoes off

(60) 10:26

Ellen: but if you want to prove me take your shoes off right now

(61) 10:34

Ellen: Is there's like a barber shop and everything in the white house?

(62) 10:37

Obama: yeah I got my hair cut. it's all self-contained and the great thing is that you don't

have to go anywhere to get stuff done if you don't have to run to the dry cleaners you

don't have to shop for phone the bad part about it is that it's a bubble and and you don't

you don't leave yet or if you do then it follows the bubble follows you everywhere and

that's something you never get used to and what it also means is you're not havin so the

spontaneous interactions with people that do on a Saturday morning you put on some

sweats they don't shave you go to the Starbucks and you run into somebody have a nice

conversation that kind of stuff or just take a walk which is the thing that probably most

about being president just a nice day

(63) 11:31

Ellen: can you drive?

(64) 11:35

Obama: I know how to drive

(65) 11:36

Ellen: but will you be able to drive?

(66) 11:38

Obama: I continued a secret service but

(67) 11:41

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Ellen: can they be in the back seat

(68) 11:42

Obama: That‟s my point. We‟re going to negotiate

(69) 11:44

Ellen: ok

(70) 11:44

Obama: on a nice name they can convertible

(71) 11:46

Ellen: I know

(72) 11:50

Obama: maybe they can just tell me. Yeah that's my hope

(73) 11:52

Ellen: run. They can run right behind you

(74) 11:56

Ellen: we have to take another break. We‟ll be back

(75) 12:46

Ellen: We‟re back with Mr. President Barrack Obama and I mention in the monolog but I

can‟t tell you and thank you enough for what you’ve done for the gay communities.

(76) 13:02

Obama: That‟s one thing I promise them. because my Don‟t Ask Don‟t Tell cautious

based on the idea that we constantly want to include people in that explosion how we

bring more and more people into opportunity and success and feeling hopeful about their

lives and but I will say we were driving over Tuesday night I met this guy said it to my

staff I said as much as we've done with laws and ending Don't Ask Don't Tell etcetera

75

changing hearts and minds. I don't think anybody even more influential than you are

that I really think. you’re courage and you're just really likable and so to claim who

you were then suddenly empowers other people and then something it's your

brother is here on call let's hear your best friend it's your co-workers and and and

then attitudes shift and the loss followed but it started with folks like you

(77) 14:26

Ellen: a lot of that. Well, thank you

(78) 14:36

Ellen: I’m not really gay

(79) 14:40

Obama: you claimed it on TV

(80) 14:46

Ellen: I did a good work and I had to stick with people responded

(81) 14:55

Ellen: alright so let's get back to you so this is Melia is going off to college and that's

gotta be..

(82) 15:04

Obama: it‟s hard. As Michelle reminds me our job is to prepare them not to meet us and

both my daughters are wonderful people and Meilia‟s more than ready to leave but I'm

not ready for her to leave and I was asked if I would speak of her graduation I said

absolutely not because I'm gonna be sitting there with dark glasses lobbing yeah she's one

of my best friends and it's it's going to be hard for for me not to have her around all the

time but she's ready to go so you can tell she's just a really smart capable person and she's

she's ready to make her own way and they're on their wonderful girls and I and Michelle

gets all the credit may be an assist from my mother-in-law but they really are just solid

kids they don't have an attitude there courteous and kind to everybody and they

work hard they don't feel like they're entitled anything

76

(83) 16:00

Ellen: they have great parents and I both you and Michelle are really really amazing

michelle is such a strong and wonderful role model for all women and I you know

she's been a great first lady

(84) 16:23

Obama: I agree. That I agree

(85) 16:31

Ellen: and you’ve been a great president and just like what you said people can say

things over and over and over again about unemployment or the economy or anything

else I can but if if you really if you listen to that you're gonna believe it if you look at

and in looking into it and see what the facts are it's just not the truth

(86) 16:47

Obama: we're better off now than we were when I came

(87) 16:49

Ellen: you’ve done amazing job

(88) 17:42

Ellen: we‟re back with President Barrack Obama. So I heard you carry a charm or

something

(89) 17:50

Obama: yeah I carry charm

(90) 17:51

Ellen: people give you things

(91) 17:52

Obama: yeah they give me things when I on the way back to the campaign and they give

me stuff and I started getting this big collection of all charms crosses and lucky coins are

77

(92) 18:05

Ellen: and you keep a different one and…

(93) 18:09

Obama: yeah. I just put a bunch in my pocket

(94) 18:10

Ellen: I have something to give you then.

(95) 18:11

Obama: you do? Ok. Let‟s see

(96) 18:14

Ellen: so it‟s a charm and it's my picture and your picture

(97) 18:20

Obama: oh yeah look at that. This is so sweet. Thank you

(98) 18:29

Ellen: so that‟s for you to keep it all time

(99) 18:31

Obama: I will

(100) 18:33

Ellen: all right

(101) 18:34

Obama: yap

(102) 18:35

Ellen: and then we have a surprise for you because this is Valentine‟s Day. So we have a

surprise for you. Take a look

78

(103) 18:47

Michelle: surprise! I just wanted to wish you a Happy Valentine‟s Day their last one that

was in the white house in an honor that Valentine's Day poem that I wanted to shoot roses

are red violets are blue you were the president and I am your boo. I was doing a hundred

pushups this morning you should try it Ellen. You are the only person I'd share my

husband with on Valentine's Day. Happy Valentine‟s Day to you and Porsche and happy

Valentine's Day to everyone. And barrack I know that you see candy out there so bring

me something chocolate back. You know what you need to do.

(104) 19:41

Ellen: so I thought I would help you out because you didn't know she‟s gonna do that. So

I was set a little setting

(105) 19:52

Obama: I got something prepared

(106) 19:54

Ellen: wow. I have served it

(107) 19:56

Obama: I got something prepared in person but I would do on that set

(108) 19:59

Ellen: alright all right. So I‟m gonna set the mood

(109) 20:11

Obama: ok all right somebody called the situation room because things are about to get

hacked. This valentine‟s day I'm going to treat you right make you some zucchini bread

spread out some veggies on a plate just the way you like them then I'm gonna give you a

massage while you watch Ellen design challenge on HGTV. Michelle I‟ve made great

decisions as president the best decision I ever made was choosing you thanks for putting

up with me I love you and the Ballantine's

an analysis of politeness strategy between ellen...

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