an earthquake is a shaking of the earth’s crust cause by a release of energy. earthquakes happen...
TRANSCRIPT
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Earthquakes
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An earthquake is a shaking of the Earth’s crust cause by a release of energy.
Earthquakes happen because – eruption of a volcano, collapse of a cavern, impact of a meteor
Most major earthquakes are caused by the movement of two faults (Fault a break in the lithosphere {crust} between two lithospheric plates)
Causes of Earthquakes
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The point where the first movement occurs
Focus ……
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The point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus
Epicenter…..
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1. Body waves waves that travel from the focus of the earthquake through the Earth
Waves
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P waves primary waves, compressional waves squeeze and stretch rock materials as they pass through Earth; p-waves can travel through any material….solid rock, magma, ocean water, air
P-waves
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S waves secondary waves, shear waves cause particles of rock material to move at right angles to the direction in which the waves are traveling; s-waves can ONLY travel through solid material, NOT liquids or gases
S-Waves
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Earthquake waves that travel along Earth’s surface.
Love waves cause particles of material to move from side to side, in a direction PERPENDICULAR to the waves’ direction of travel
Rayleigh waves travel slower than Love waves; material moves in a elliptical pattern
Surface Waves
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Seismograph
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Detects and records waves produced by earthquakes
Seismograph
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Strength of an earthquake
Charles Richter (1935) Richter Scale ; each level on the scale is 31 times greater than the level before it
Magnitude
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Ground shaking and foundation failure (buildings falling over, completely collapsing)
Liquefaction loose soil that moves like a liquid instead of a solid
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j0sLyJpfTE8
Aftershocks smaller earthquakes that follow after the main earthquake
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z7eABGpOHv8
Fire
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f5xt8oQTApE
Tsunami underwater earthquakes that create huge ocean waves
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k8IAgUNr6x4
Earthquake Hazards……