an era of prosperity, the roaring 20’s republican power,
TRANSCRIPT
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The Roaring 20’s An era of prosperity,
Republican power,
and conflict
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■ 1920's collectively known as the "Roaring 20's", or the "Jazz Age"
■ in sum, a period of great change in American Society - modern America is born at this time
■ for first time the census reflected an urban society - people had moved into cities to enjoy a higher standard of living
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Age of Prosperity■ Economic expansion ■ Mass Production ■ Assembly Line ■ Age of the Automobile
■ Ailing Agriculture…
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■ an agri. depression in early 1920's contributed to this urban migration
■ U.S. farmers lost agri. markets in postwar Europe
■ at same time agri. efficiency increased so more food produced (more food = lower prices) and fewer labourers needed
■ so farming was no longer as prosperous, and bankers called in their loans (farms repossessed)
■ so American farmers enter the Depression in advance of the rest of society
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■ Black Americans in this period continued to live in poverty
■ sharecropping kept them in de facto slavery
■ 1915 - boll weevil wiped out the cotton crop
■ white landowners went bankrupt & forced blacks off their land
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■ Blacks moved north to take advantage of booming wartime industry (= Great Migration) - Black ghettoes began to form, i.e. Harlem
■ within these ghettoes a distinct Black culture flourished
■ But both blacks and whites wanted cultural interchange restricted
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■ Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
■ believed in Black pride ■ advocated racial segregation b/c of
Black superiority ■ Garvey believed Blacks should
return to Africa ■ he purchased a ship to start the
Black Star line ■ attracted many investments: gov't
charged him with w/fraud ■ he was found guilty and eventually
deported to Jamaica, but his organization continued to exist
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Republican Power■ President Harding ■ Elected 1920 ■ Legacy of
Scandals ■ “Teapot Dome” ■ Died in office
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President Coolidge
“The business of America is business.”
■ Fordney-McCumber Tariff
■ Smoot-Hawley Tariff
■ No help for farmers ■ Foreign Policy
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Consumer Economy
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Culture of the Roaring 20’sRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh GE, Westinghouse,& RCA
form NBC
Silent MoviesCharlie Chaplin
“Talkies”The Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary Pickford“America’s Sweetheart”
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CelebritiesBabe Ruth &Ty Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh The Spirit of St. Louis
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The 20’s is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up cigarettes
short skirts
Musicians Louis Armstrong Duke Ellington
Writers F. Scott Fitzgerald Ernest Hemingway
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■ 1920's also brought about great changes for women...
■ 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
■ after 1920, social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
■ and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
■ women didn't want to sacrifice wartime gains - amounted to a social revolt
■ characterized by the FLAPPER/ "new woman" – (bobbed hair, short dresses,
smoked in public...)
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A Society in Conflict■ Anti-immigrant
– National Origins Act – Discrimination Sacco-Vanzetti Trial – Italian immigrants – Unfair trial
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■ for immigrants – the point of origin had shifted to S & E Europe and new religions appeared: Jewish, Orthodox, Catholic
■ N. European immigrants of early 19c. feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values
■ this fear was known as NATIVISM ■ many wanted Congress to restrict
immigration, leading to a quota system that favoured n. areas of Europe
■ fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm. post-Bolshevik Rev.)
■ basic comm. advocates a int'l revolution by the proletariat/workers - fears that this ideology could find its way into the U.S.
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■ at this time, W. Wilson was gravely ill following a stroke
■ his Attorney General, A. Mitchell Palmer, wanted to take a shot at the presidency - he used fears of both immigrants and communism to his advantage
■ he had J. Edgar Hoover round up suspected radicals, many of which were deported (Palmer Raids)
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The Ku Klux Klan Great increase
In powerAnti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-women’s suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
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Scopes “Monkey” TrialEvolution vs. Creationism
Dayton, TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs. Religion
John Scopes High School Biology teacher
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Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangstersuntouchables
Al Capone
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■ PROHIBITION - on manuf. and sale of alcohol
■ adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
■ an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
■ in WWI, temperance became a patriotic mvmt. - drunkenness caused low productivity & inefficiency, and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
■ a difficult law to enforce... organized crime, speakeasies, bootleggers were on the rise
■ Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period - capitalism at its zenith…
■ Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w/ the 21st Amendment
■ forced organized crime to pursue other interests…