AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE DURABILITY OF CONCRETE BY USE OF SISAL FIBER

BALASUBRAMANIAN M1*, JITHIN GEORGE2 AND SENTHIL SELVAN S3

1Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, SRM University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

2Post Graduate Student, Civil Engineering Department, SRM University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India

3Professor, Civil Engineering Department, SRM University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India

(Received 17 June, 2017; accepted 24 November, 2017)

Key words: Sisal fiber, Acid attack, Alternate drying and wetting

Jr. of Industrial Pollution Control 33(S3)(2017) pp 1442-1444www.icontrolpollution.comResearch Article

*Corresponding authors email: balasubramanian.m@ktr.srmuniv.ac.in; chinthaarmaniyil@gmail.com

INTRODUCTION One concrete

Brittleness is one of the principle behaviors for concrete (Aruna, 2014; Bouakba, et al., 2013). Rigidity of Portland cement concrete is less. The inner splits are more in concrete. Continuously this smaller scale splits propagates and the solid will turn out to be more fragile. While applying load, the little breaks spread in a vast region. It prompts extra breaks. Because of the inelastic twisting, the splits create in concrete. The engendering of split can be arrest by the inclusion of fibers (Bouakba, et al., 2013) (firmly separated and consistently scattered).

Fiber reinforced concrete

The strands are randomly situated. By capturing

the spread of split, plastic shrinkage and drying shrinkage can be lessened with the inclusion of strands in concrete (Aruna, 2014; Bouakba, et al., 2013; Filho and Joseph, 1999). The vital parameters ought to be considered while utilizing filaments as a piece of cement are Volume fraction and Aspect Ratio. Amount of filaments to be included cement is figured as a rate of aggregate volume. The ratio of length to width of fiber is known as the aspect ratio (Jirobe, 2014).

Natural fiber

Filaments which are extricated from plants or creatures are named as characteristic strands. It can be created by vegetables, roots, Wood or leaves of a plant (Filho and Joseph, 1999). These days’ Natural filaments are utilized alongside Portland

ABSTRACT

An examination on the durability of cement is completed with and without utilizing sisal fiber. The rigidity of Portland cement concrete is less. And also the imperviousness to splitting is low. Brittleness is another essential property for ordinary concrete. The basic properties of concrete can be enhanced by the inclusion of strands. The fibrous parts of concrete capture the spread of split. Additionally plastic shrinkage and drying shrinkage can be lessened. Consideration of filaments brings down the permeability thusly seeping of water is lessened. Natural fibers can be delivered from vegetables, roots, wood or leaves of a plant. This paper reports the trial look on the examination of expansion of sisal fiber in cement by 1.5% of volume, and the correlation of strength between ordinary cement and Sisal fiber strengthened cement is given. Acid attack test and Alternative drying and wetting test have led and the outcomes got are examined in this paper.

1443 BALASUBRAMANIAN ET AL.

concrete in numerous ranges of development by various authorities. They are Profusely Available, Degradable and Less expensive (Aruna, 2014).

Sisal fiber

Sisal fiber is a sort of agave. Naturally the plant is known as agave sisilana (Kwan and Wong, 2017). Filaments are gained from the leaves of the plant (Balasubramanian, et al., 2016). The term sisal was gotten from a well known harbor in Mexico (Madandoust, et al., 2015). Sisal is portrayed to be the essential typical fiber in the business application (Muthupriya, et al., 2010). Sisal fibers are strong, straight, smooth and yellow in shading. The fundamental properties of sisal strands fuse quality, toughness and ability to expand (Fig. 1 and 2). The sisal plant conveys more than 200-250 leaves and each leaf contains 1000-1200 fiber pack (Panchangam, 2015; Rahuman and Yeshika, 2015).

METHODOLOGY AND MATERIALSDurability tests

The capacity of cement to oppose weathering activity, synthetic assault, scraped area, or some other procedure of weakening is known as toughness (Selin, et al., 2015). Tough solid will hold its unique shape, quality, and serviceability when presented to environment (Silva, et al., 2010; Balasubramanian, et al., 2017).

Durability test resistance against acid attack

The casted cubes of size 100 mm × 100 mm × 100 mm were demoulded after one day. All specimens were

placed in water for seven days. In the end of curing period all specimens were placed in atmosphere for two days. All the sample specimens were weighed and submerged in 5% H2SO4 solution. Following sixty days of submerging in corrosive environment, the cubes were washed in running water and allow drying for two days. The specimen weight was taken and the loss of weight was calculated (IS 2386-7).

Alternate wetting and drying test

The cube specimens of dimension 100×100×100 mm were cast, from which the compressive strength was calculated. After 28 days of curing, the specimens were taken out of the water. They were kept in the open atmosphere for three days and then they were immersed into the water for three days. This constituted one cycle of alternate drying and wetting. The specimens were subjected to twenty-five such cycles of alternate drying and wetting and then they were tested for their respective strengths.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONThe tests for deciding the resistance against acid attack and alkali attack are completed.

CC - Conventional Concrete, SC - Special Concrete

Resistance against acid attack

Weight of sample of grade M 40 previously, then after the fact submerging in hydrochloric acid is arranged in Table 1.

Weight reduction rate of sample of grade M 40 is recorded underneath Table 2.

(Fig. 3) demonstrates that the average weight reduction of CC and that of SC.

W1 - Weight of samples before immersing in hydrochloric acid.

W2 - Weight of samples after immersing in hydrochloric acid for 60 days.

From Table 1, Table 2 and (Fig. 3) we can understand that the weight reduction of CC is more than that of SC.

Alternate drying and wetting

Testing of Alternate drying and wetting was conducted for different grades of concrete. Respective compressive stresses of both conventional concrete and special concrete were tabulated below.

Table 3 shows that the compressive strength of SC is more than that of CC under alternative wetting and drying condition.

Fig. 1 Sisal fiber.

Fig. 2 Special concrete cubes

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AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE DURABILITY OF CONCRETE BY USE OF SISAL FIBER

for an effective adoption in construction endustry. Int.J.Chem.Sci. 14(SI) : 109-114

Balasubramanian, M., Senthilselvan, S. and Sabarish, K.V. (2017). Experimental Investigation on Strength and Durability properties of Sisal Fiber Reinforced Concrete. International Journal of Civil Engineering – (ICCREST’17). 65-69.

Bouakba, M., Bezazi, A., Boba, K., Scarpa, F. and Bellamy, S. (2013). Cactus fibre/polyester biocomposites: Manufacturing, quasi-static mechanical and fatigue characterisation. Composites Science and Technology. 74 : 150-159.

Filho, R. and Joseph, K. (1999). The use of sisal fibre as reinforcement in cement based composites. Rev Bras Eng Agrícola e Ambient. 3(2) : 245-256.

Jirobe. (2014). Experimental investigation on mechanical properties of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete. Proc Int Conf ACECIM’14, SRM Univ Ramapuram.

Kwan, A.K.H. and Wong, H.H.C. (2017). Durability of reinforced concrete structures, theory vs practice.

Madandoust, R., Mohseni, E., Mousavi, S.Y. and Namnevis, M. (2015). An experimental investigation on the durability of self-compacting mortar containing nano-SiO2, nano-Fe2O3 and nano-CuO. Construction and Building Materials. 86 : 44-50.

Muthupriya, P., Subramanian, K. and Vishnuram, B.G. (2010). Strength and durability characteristics of high performance concrete. Int J Earth. 2(7) : 395-398.

Panchangam, S.C. (2015). Experimental study on effects of sisal fiber experimental study on effects of sisal fiber reinforced concrete.

Rahuman, A. and Yeshika, S. (2015). Study on properties of sisal fiber reinforced concrete with different mix proportions and different percentage of fiber addition. International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology. 4.

Selin, R.C., Ramasamy, V. and Thandavamoorthy, T.S. (2015). Effect of fibers in concrete composites. Int J Appl Eng Res. 10(1) : 419-430.

Silva, F.A., Filho, R.D.T., Filho, J.A.M. and Fairbairn. E.M.R. (2010). Physical and mechanical properties of durable sisal fiber-cement composites. Construction and Building Materials. 24 : 777-785.

CONCLUSIONS• Average weight reduction of CC is more than that of SC of Grades M 30 and M 40 for Acid attack test.

• For SC, Compressive strength is more than CC in the case of alternative wetting and drying test.

• Resistance against Acid for sisal fiber fortified concrete is more than that of conventional concrete.

Durability of Special concrete is more than that of

Conventional concrete.

REFERENCESAruna, M. (2014). Mechanical behaviour of sisal fibre

reinforced cement composites. World Acad Sci Eng. 8(4) : 650-653.

Balasubramanian, M., Prasath, K.V.R. and Praveen, K.T. (2016). Developing a new paradigm energy assessment technique in fiber reinforced concrete

Acid Attack Test M 40 (Kg) CC SC

Weight Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Weight Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3W1 2.56 2.553 2.551 W1 2.533 2.529 2.537W2 2.487 2.482 2.478 W2 2.472 2.469 2.477

Table 1. Comparison of sample weights (acid attack test)

Weight reduction rate of M 40 Grade concrete (%)Type of concrete Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3

CC 2.85% 2.78% 2.86%SC 2.40% 2.37% 2.36%

Table 2. Rate of weight reduction of M 40 Grade concrete

Alternate Drying And Wetting Test (KN/mm2)M 40 M 30 M 20

CC SC CC SC CC SC53.2 57.1 45.7 48.7 42.3 47.751.9 56.2 45.2 48.2 43.2 46.653 56.7 46.8 49.3 42.9 47.4

Table 3. Comparison of compressive strength of CC and SC

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11.5

22.5

33.5

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f weig

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Sample Numbers

ACID ATTACK TESTComparing CC and SC ( M 40 )

Conventional ConcreteSisal Concrete

Fig. 3 Comparison of weight reduction in SC with that of CC (M40).