an exploratory study on technology transfer in software engineering
TRANSCRIPT
Technische Universität München
An Exploratory Study on Technology Transfer in Software Engineering
Joint work withPhilipp DieboldAntonio Vetrò
Daniel Méndez
Technical University of MunichGermany
ESEM 2015Beijing, China
@mendezfe
What is Technology Transfer?
Technology Transfer (TT) is formally defined as
“the process of sharing knowledge, machines, equipment, methods, techniques, processes, and facilities with the aim of facilitating accessibility of scientific and
technological developments from primary discoverers or transferors to potential users or transferees/recipients, who will exploit the technology into new
products, processes, applications, and business models”
Teece, D.J. 1997. Technology transfer by multinational firms: The resource cost of transferring technological know-how. In Economics Journal, 242-261
Transferor Transferee
Transfer object
Transfer Medium
A simple model for TT
Technology transfer in practice
Study design - goals & context
Goalsthe TT of SE objectsCharacterise
With respect to
From the perspective of
In context of
(SG1) the current state of practice,(SG2) the transfer mediums used, and(SG3) improvements / future transfer trendsindustry and academia
the project ARAMIS* and SPES_XT**
*
**
http://spes2020.informatik.tu-muenchen.de
http://www.projekt-aramis.de
Details on the study design
Study design - instrument
End
Start
Demographics
Current State of Transfer
Mediums Assessment
Transfer Improvement
Exemplary questions
What are your motivations for TT?
What are your transfer objects?
How is the technology transfer process performed?
What are the transfer mediums you are using?
How many employees are working in your org.?What is your organisation?…
…
…Are you interested in starting a TT project with measurement goals?
Where do you get the trigger for TT?
Details on the instrument in the paper
Scope of the talk
What are your motivations for TT?
What are your transfer objects?
How is the technology transfer process performed?
What are the transfer mediums you are using?
Where do you get the trigger for TT?
13#
2#
7# Transferor#
Transferee#
Both#
TT Role
1"1"
12"
<10"
10&49"
50&249"
250&500"
>500"
1"
4"
3"
<10"
10'49"
50'249"
250'500"
>500"
AcademiaIndustry
Distribution / Size: 37 respondents, 22 persons completed the survey
Domain
6
3
5
3
3
2
Automotive
Avionics
Automation
Railway
Tool
Other
Transferor Transferee
Transfer object
Transfer Medium
MediumsObjects
Motivations
11"
3"
7" 8"
2"
6"
3"
4"
3"4"
2"
6"
0"
2"
4"
6"
8"
10"
12"
14"
Economic"factors"
Social"factors" Opera:onal"factors"
Strategic"factors"
Global"factors"
Personal"factors"
Academia" Industry"
5"
1" 1" 1"
3"
2"
1"2"
3"
0"
1"
2"
3"
4"
5"
6"
7"
8"
Own"company" Compe6tors" Consul6ng"companies"
Other"companies"
Research"
Academia" Industry"
9" 10"
5"2" 1"
6"6"
7"
3"
0"
2"
4"
6"
8"
10"
12"
14"
16"
18"
Knowledge" Machines" Equipment" Methods" Techniques" Processes" FaciliDes"
Academia" Industry"
KnowledgeModeling)ParadigmsSpecific)models,)as)e.g.ar5fact)modelsE/E:architectures)in)other)industry)domains
from)former)projects,)lessons)learned)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators))Model)based)System)Engineering)MethodsMethods)for)safety)and)security)cer5fica5on)Formal)methods)Give)guidance)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators)Modular)Safety)Analysis)Methods)necessary)for)ISO26262:)compliance
TechniquesTool)realiza5onsSysML)Use)of)virtualiza5onModel:based)development
ProcessesImprovement)of)technical)development)process
Processes)necessary)for)compliance)with)ISO)26262
TriggersTECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
33%#
17%#
17%#
14%#
14%#
50%#
67%#
67%#
29%#
17%#
50%#
14%#
29%#
14%#
14%#
17%#
33%#
17%#
14%#
57%#
50%#
17%#
43%#
29%#
14%#
14%#
29%#
57%#
43%#
33%#
29%#
14%#
57%#
57%#
57%#
17%#
14%#
14%#
14%#
14%#
50%#
18%#
11%#
09%#
18%#
09%#
10%#
09%#
20%#
27%#
45%#
09%#
20%#
09%#
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09%#
10%#
20%#
45%#
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18%#
45%#
27%#
20%#
45%#
36%#
45%#
30%#
09%#
10%#
09%#
22%#
18%#
27%#
30%#
45%#
55%#
18%#
30%#
64%#
22%#
09%#
20%#
18%#
30%#
27%#
44%#
12%#
13%#
06%#
11%#
12%#
06%#
06%#
06%#
06%#
31%#
41%#
27%#
39%#
06%#
12%#
31%#
11%#
17%#
11%#
12%#
19%#
41%#
33%#
17%#
50%#
35%#
19%#
44%#
33%#
33%#
24%#
17%#
06%#
06%#
13%#
33%#
33%#
35%#
31%#
39%#
39%#
33%#
41%#
61%#
13%#
06%#
06%#
13%#
06%#
17%#
24%#
22%#
0%# 25%# 50%# 75%# 100%#
Licensing#and#standards#
Educa:onal#programs#
Guidelines#
Conferences#
Research#coopera:on#
Consultancy#
Internet#resources#
CoFworking#
SoJware,#systems,#and#tools#
Publica:ons#
Personnel#exchange#
Workshops#and#mePngs#
Never# Rarely# Some:mes# OJen# Always#
Never#(1)# Rarely#(2)# Some:mes#(3)# OJen#(4)# Always#(5)#
Results (selected)
Transferor Transferee
Transfer object
Transfer Medium
MediumsObjects
Motivations
11"
3"
7" 8"
2"
6"
3"
4"
3"4"
2"
6"
0"
2"
4"
6"
8"
10"
12"
14"
Economic"factors"
Social"factors" Opera:onal"factors"
Strategic"factors"
Global"factors"
Personal"factors"
Academia" Industry"
5"
1" 1" 1"
3"
2"
1"2"
3"
0"
1"
2"
3"
4"
5"
6"
7"
8"
Own"company" Compe6tors" Consul6ng"companies"
Other"companies"
Research"
Academia" Industry"
9" 10"
5"2" 1"
6"6"
7"
3"
0"
2"
4"
6"
8"
10"
12"
14"
16"
18"
Knowledge" Machines" Equipment" Methods" Techniques" Processes" FaciliDes"
Academia" Industry"
KnowledgeModeling)ParadigmsSpecific)models,)as)e.g.ar5fact)modelsE/E:architectures)in)other)industry)domains
from)former)projects,)lessons)learned)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators))Model)based)System)Engineering)MethodsMethods)for)safety)and)security)cer5fica5on)Formal)methods)Give)guidance)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators)Modular)Safety)Analysis)Methods)necessary)for)ISO26262:)compliance
TechniquesTool)realiza5onsSysML)Use)of)virtualiza5onModel:based)development
ProcessesImprovement)of)technical)development)process
Processes)necessary)for)compliance)with)ISO)26262
TriggersTECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
33%#
17%#
17%#
14%#
14%#
50%#
67%#
67%#
29%#
17%#
50%#
14%#
29%#
14%#
14%#
17%#
33%#
17%#
14%#
57%#
50%#
17%#
43%#
29%#
14%#
14%#
29%#
57%#
43%#
33%#
29%#
14%#
57%#
57%#
57%#
17%#
14%#
14%#
14%#
14%#
50%#
18%#
11%#
09%#
18%#
09%#
10%#
09%#
20%#
27%#
45%#
09%#
20%#
09%#
09%#
09%#
10%#
20%#
45%#
44%#
18%#
45%#
27%#
20%#
45%#
36%#
45%#
30%#
09%#
10%#
09%#
22%#
18%#
27%#
30%#
45%#
55%#
18%#
30%#
64%#
22%#
09%#
20%#
18%#
30%#
27%#
44%#
12%#
13%#
06%#
11%#
12%#
06%#
06%#
06%#
06%#
31%#
41%#
27%#
39%#
06%#
12%#
31%#
11%#
17%#
11%#
12%#
19%#
41%#
33%#
17%#
50%#
35%#
19%#
44%#
33%#
33%#
24%#
17%#
06%#
06%#
13%#
33%#
33%#
35%#
31%#
39%#
39%#
33%#
41%#
61%#
13%#
06%#
06%#
13%#
06%#
17%#
24%#
22%#
0%# 25%# 50%# 75%# 100%#
Licensing#and#standards#
Educa:onal#programs#
Guidelines#
Conferences#
Research#coopera:on#
Consultancy#
Internet#resources#
CoFworking#
SoJware,#systems,#and#tools#
Publica:ons#
Personnel#exchange#
Workshops#and#mePngs#
Never# Rarely# Some:mes# OJen# Always#
Never#(1)# Rarely#(2)# Some:mes#(3)# OJen#(4)# Always#(5)#
What are your motivations for TT?
H: The motivations that drive the transfer in industry and academia are heterogenous.
Transferor Transferee
Transfer object
Transfer Medium
MediumsObjects
Motivations
11"
3"
7" 8"
2"
6"
3"
4"
3"4"
2"
6"
0"
2"
4"
6"
8"
10"
12"
14"
Economic"factors"
Social"factors" Opera:onal"factors"
Strategic"factors"
Global"factors"
Personal"factors"
Academia" Industry"
5"
1" 1" 1"
3"
2"
1"2"
3"
0"
1"
2"
3"
4"
5"
6"
7"
8"
Own"company" Compe6tors" Consul6ng"companies"
Other"companies"
Research"
Academia" Industry"
9" 10"
5"2" 1"
6"6"
7"
3"
0"
2"
4"
6"
8"
10"
12"
14"
16"
18"
Knowledge" Machines" Equipment" Methods" Techniques" Processes" FaciliDes"
Academia" Industry"
KnowledgeModeling)ParadigmsSpecific)models,)as)e.g.ar5fact)modelsE/E:architectures)in)other)industry)domains
from)former)projects,)lessons)learned)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators))Model)based)System)Engineering)MethodsMethods)for)safety)and)security)cer5fica5on)Formal)methods)Give)guidance)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators)Modular)Safety)Analysis)Methods)necessary)for)ISO26262:)compliance
TechniquesTool)realiza5onsSysML)Use)of)virtualiza5onModel:based)development
ProcessesImprovement)of)technical)development)process
Processes)necessary)for)compliance)with)ISO)26262
TriggersTECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
33%#
17%#
17%#
14%#
14%#
50%#
67%#
67%#
29%#
17%#
50%#
14%#
29%#
14%#
14%#
17%#
33%#
17%#
14%#
57%#
50%#
17%#
43%#
29%#
14%#
14%#
29%#
57%#
43%#
33%#
29%#
14%#
57%#
57%#
57%#
17%#
14%#
14%#
14%#
14%#
50%#
18%#
11%#
09%#
18%#
09%#
10%#
09%#
20%#
27%#
45%#
09%#
20%#
09%#
09%#
09%#
10%#
20%#
45%#
44%#
18%#
45%#
27%#
20%#
45%#
36%#
45%#
30%#
09%#
10%#
09%#
22%#
18%#
27%#
30%#
45%#
55%#
18%#
30%#
64%#
22%#
09%#
20%#
18%#
30%#
27%#
44%#
12%#
13%#
06%#
11%#
12%#
06%#
06%#
06%#
06%#
31%#
41%#
27%#
39%#
06%#
12%#
31%#
11%#
17%#
11%#
12%#
19%#
41%#
33%#
17%#
50%#
35%#
19%#
44%#
33%#
33%#
24%#
17%#
06%#
06%#
13%#
33%#
33%#
35%#
31%#
39%#
39%#
33%#
41%#
61%#
13%#
06%#
06%#
13%#
06%#
17%#
24%#
22%#
0%# 25%# 50%# 75%# 100%#
Licensing#and#standards#
Educa:onal#programs#
Guidelines#
Conferences#
Research#coopera:on#
Consultancy#
Internet#resources#
CoFworking#
SoJware,#systems,#and#tools#
Publica:ons#
Personnel#exchange#
Workshops#and#mePngs#
Never# Rarely# Some:mes# OJen# Always#
Never#(1)# Rarely#(2)# Some:mes#(3)# OJen#(4)# Always#(5)#
Where do you get the trigger for TT?
H: Industrial organisations gain new knowledge mainly within their own confines.
Transferor Transferee
Transfer object
Transfer Medium
MediumsObjects
Motivations
11"
3"
7" 8"
2"
6"
3"
4"
3"4"
2"
6"
0"
2"
4"
6"
8"
10"
12"
14"
Economic"factors"
Social"factors" Opera:onal"factors"
Strategic"factors"
Global"factors"
Personal"factors"
Academia" Industry"
5"
1" 1" 1"
3"
2"
1"2"
3"
0"
1"
2"
3"
4"
5"
6"
7"
8"
Own"company" Compe6tors" Consul6ng"companies"
Other"companies"
Research"
Academia" Industry"
9" 10"
5"2" 1"
6"6"
7"
3"
0"
2"
4"
6"
8"
10"
12"
14"
16"
18"
Knowledge" Machines" Equipment" Methods" Techniques" Processes" FaciliDes"
Academia" Industry"
KnowledgeModeling)ParadigmsSpecific)models,)as)e.g.ar5fact)modelsE/E:architectures)in)other)industry)domains
from)former)projects,)lessons)learned)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators))Model)based)System)Engineering)MethodsMethods)for)safety)and)security)cer5fica5on)Formal)methods)Give)guidance)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators)Modular)Safety)Analysis)Methods)necessary)for)ISO26262:)compliance
TechniquesTool)realiza5onsSysML)Use)of)virtualiza5onModel:based)development
ProcessesImprovement)of)technical)development)process
Processes)necessary)for)compliance)with)ISO)26262
TriggersTECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
33%#
17%#
17%#
14%#
14%#
50%#
67%#
67%#
29%#
17%#
50%#
14%#
29%#
14%#
14%#
17%#
33%#
17%#
14%#
57%#
50%#
17%#
43%#
29%#
14%#
14%#
29%#
57%#
43%#
33%#
29%#
14%#
57%#
57%#
57%#
17%#
14%#
14%#
14%#
14%#
50%#
18%#
11%#
09%#
18%#
09%#
10%#
09%#
20%#
27%#
45%#
09%#
20%#
09%#
09%#
09%#
10%#
20%#
45%#
44%#
18%#
45%#
27%#
20%#
45%#
36%#
45%#
30%#
09%#
10%#
09%#
22%#
18%#
27%#
30%#
45%#
55%#
18%#
30%#
64%#
22%#
09%#
20%#
18%#
30%#
27%#
44%#
12%#
13%#
06%#
11%#
12%#
06%#
06%#
06%#
06%#
31%#
41%#
27%#
39%#
06%#
12%#
31%#
11%#
17%#
11%#
12%#
19%#
41%#
33%#
17%#
50%#
35%#
19%#
44%#
33%#
33%#
24%#
17%#
06%#
06%#
13%#
33%#
33%#
35%#
31%#
39%#
39%#
33%#
41%#
61%#
13%#
06%#
06%#
13%#
06%#
17%#
24%#
22%#
0%# 25%# 50%# 75%# 100%#
Licensing#and#standards#
Educa:onal#programs#
Guidelines#
Conferences#
Research#coopera:on#
Consultancy#
Internet#resources#
CoFworking#
SoJware,#systems,#and#tools#
Publica:ons#
Personnel#exchange#
Workshops#and#mePngs#
Never# Rarely# Some:mes# OJen# Always#
Never#(1)# Rarely#(2)# Some:mes#(3)# OJen#(4)# Always#(5)#
What are your transfer objects?
“This new thing might be a good solution. However, in most cases the solution has to be adapted to the specific needs of the customer.”
Transferor Transferee
Transfer object
Transfer Medium
MediumsObjects
Motivations
11"
3"
7" 8"
2"
6"
3"
4"
3"4"
2"
6"
0"
2"
4"
6"
8"
10"
12"
14"
Economic"factors"
Social"factors" Opera:onal"factors"
Strategic"factors"
Global"factors"
Personal"factors"
Academia" Industry"
5"
1" 1" 1"
3"
2"
1"2"
3"
0"
1"
2"
3"
4"
5"
6"
7"
8"
Own"company" Compe6tors" Consul6ng"companies"
Other"companies"
Research"
Academia" Industry"
9" 10"
5"2" 1"
6"6"
7"
3"
0"
2"
4"
6"
8"
10"
12"
14"
16"
18"
Knowledge" Machines" Equipment" Methods" Techniques" Processes" FaciliDes"
Academia" Industry"
KnowledgeModeling)ParadigmsSpecific)models,)as)e.g.ar5fact)modelsE/E:architectures)in)other)industry)domains
from)former)projects,)lessons)learned)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators))Model)based)System)Engineering)MethodsMethods)for)safety)and)security)cer5fica5on)Formal)methods)Give)guidance)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators)Modular)Safety)Analysis)Methods)necessary)for)ISO26262:)compliance
TechniquesTool)realiza5onsSysML)Use)of)virtualiza5onModel:based)development
ProcessesImprovement)of)technical)development)process
Processes)necessary)for)compliance)with)ISO)26262
TriggersTECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
33%#
17%#
17%#
14%#
14%#
50%#
67%#
67%#
29%#
17%#
50%#
14%#
29%#
14%#
14%#
17%#
33%#
17%#
14%#
57%#
50%#
17%#
43%#
29%#
14%#
14%#
29%#
57%#
43%#
33%#
29%#
14%#
57%#
57%#
57%#
17%#
14%#
14%#
14%#
14%#
50%#
18%#
11%#
09%#
18%#
09%#
10%#
09%#
20%#
27%#
45%#
09%#
20%#
09%#
09%#
09%#
10%#
20%#
45%#
44%#
18%#
45%#
27%#
20%#
45%#
36%#
45%#
30%#
09%#
10%#
09%#
22%#
18%#
27%#
30%#
45%#
55%#
18%#
30%#
64%#
22%#
09%#
20%#
18%#
30%#
27%#
44%#
12%#
13%#
06%#
11%#
12%#
06%#
06%#
06%#
06%#
31%#
41%#
27%#
39%#
06%#
12%#
31%#
11%#
17%#
11%#
12%#
19%#
41%#
33%#
17%#
50%#
35%#
19%#
44%#
33%#
33%#
24%#
17%#
06%#
06%#
13%#
33%#
33%#
35%#
31%#
39%#
39%#
33%#
41%#
61%#
13%#
06%#
06%#
13%#
06%#
17%#
24%#
22%#
0%# 25%# 50%# 75%# 100%#
Licensing#and#standards#
Educa:onal#programs#
Guidelines#
Conferences#
Research#coopera:on#
Consultancy#
Internet#resources#
CoFworking#
SoJware,#systems,#and#tools#
Publica:ons#
Personnel#exchange#
Workshops#and#mePngs#
Never# Rarely# Some:mes# OJen# Always#
Never#(1)# Rarely#(2)# Some:mes#(3)# OJen#(4)# Always#(5)#
What are your transfer objects?
H: The technologies developed in SE research projects are not mature enough for direct application, but need strong customisation to fit the industrial context.
Transferor Transferee
Transfer object
Transfer Medium
MediumsObjects
Motivations
11"
3"
7" 8"
2"
6"
3"
4"
3"4"
2"
6"
0"
2"
4"
6"
8"
10"
12"
14"
Economic"factors"
Social"factors" Opera:onal"factors"
Strategic"factors"
Global"factors"
Personal"factors"
Academia" Industry"
5"
1" 1" 1"
3"
2"
1"2"
3"
0"
1"
2"
3"
4"
5"
6"
7"
8"
Own"company" Compe6tors" Consul6ng"companies"
Other"companies"
Research"
Academia" Industry"
9" 10"
5"2" 1"
6"6"
7"
3"
0"
2"
4"
6"
8"
10"
12"
14"
16"
18"
Knowledge" Machines" Equipment" Methods" Techniques" Processes" FaciliDes"
Academia" Industry"
KnowledgeModeling)ParadigmsSpecific)models,)as)e.g.ar5fact)modelsE/E:architectures)in)other)industry)domains
from)former)projects,)lessons)learned)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators))Model)based)System)Engineering)MethodsMethods)for)safety)and)security)cer5fica5on)Formal)methods)Give)guidance)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators)Modular)Safety)Analysis)Methods)necessary)for)ISO26262:)compliance
TechniquesTool)realiza5onsSysML)Use)of)virtualiza5onModel:based)development
ProcessesImprovement)of)technical)development)process
Processes)necessary)for)compliance)with)ISO)26262
TriggersTECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
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Licensing#and#standards#
Educa:onal#programs#
Guidelines#
Conferences#
Research#coopera:on#
Consultancy#
Internet#resources#
CoFworking#
SoJware,#systems,#and#tools#
Publica:ons#
Personnel#exchange#
Workshops#and#mePngs#
Never# Rarely# Some:mes# OJen# Always#
Never#(1)# Rarely#(2)# Some:mes#(3)# OJen#(4)# Always#(5)#
What are your transfer objects?
We are somewhere here…
Source: http://www.innovationseeds.eu/Virtual_Library/Knowledge/TLR_Scale.kl (European Commission)
Technology readiness level
See also the talk
On the Benefits and Barriers when adopting Software Modellingand Model Driven Techniques
H: The technologies developed in SE research projects are not mature enough for direct application, but need strong customisation to fit the industrial context.
What are the transfer mediums you are using?
H: Most used transfer mediums are human-intensive.
Transferor Transferee
Transfer object
Transfer Medium
MediumsObjects
Motivations
11"
3"
7" 8"
2"
6"
3"
4"
3"4"
2"
6"
0"
2"
4"
6"
8"
10"
12"
14"
Economic"factors"
Social"factors" Opera:onal"factors"
Strategic"factors"
Global"factors"
Personal"factors"
Academia" Industry"
5"
1" 1" 1"
3"
2"
1"2"
3"
0"
1"
2"
3"
4"
5"
6"
7"
8"
Own"company" Compe6tors" Consul6ng"companies"
Other"companies"
Research"
Academia" Industry"
9" 10"
5"2" 1"
6"6"
7"
3"
0"
2"
4"
6"
8"
10"
12"
14"
16"
18"
Knowledge" Machines" Equipment" Methods" Techniques" Processes" FaciliDes"
Academia" Industry"
KnowledgeModeling)ParadigmsSpecific)models,)as)e.g.ar5fact)modelsE/E:architectures)in)other)industry)domains
from)former)projects,)lessons)learned)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators))Model)based)System)Engineering)MethodsMethods)for)safety)and)security)cer5fica5on)Formal)methods)Give)guidance)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators)Modular)Safety)Analysis)Methods)necessary)for)ISO26262:)compliance
TechniquesTool)realiza5onsSysML)Use)of)virtualiza5onModel:based)development
ProcessesImprovement)of)technical)development)process
Processes)necessary)for)compliance)with)ISO)26262
TriggersTECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
33%#
17%#
17%#
14%#
14%#
50%#
67%#
67%#
29%#
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0%# 25%# 50%# 75%# 100%#
Licensing#and#standards#
Educa:onal#programs#
Guidelines#
Conferences#
Research#coopera:on#
Consultancy#
Internet#resources#
CoFworking#
SoJware,#systems,#and#tools#
Publica:ons#
Personnel#exchange#
Workshops#and#mePngs#
Never# Rarely# Some:mes# OJen# Always#
Never#(1)# Rarely#(2)# Some:mes#(3)# OJen#(4)# Always#(5)#
– Knowledge: Personal exchange, workshops and meetings, publications
– Methods: Personal exchange, workshops and meetings, guidelines, consultancy, software, systems and tools
– Processes: Workshops and meetings– Tools: Workshops and meetings
… independent of object
See also the talk
In Quest for proper Mediums for Technology Transfer in Software Engineering
Transferor Transferee
Transfer object
Transfer Medium
MediumsObjects
Motivations
11"
3"
7" 8"
2"
6"
3"
4"
3"4"
2"
6"
0"
2"
4"
6"
8"
10"
12"
14"
Economic"factors"
Social"factors" Opera:onal"factors"
Strategic"factors"
Global"factors"
Personal"factors"
Academia" Industry"
5"
1" 1" 1"
3"
2"
1"2"
3"
0"
1"
2"
3"
4"
5"
6"
7"
8"
Own"company" Compe6tors" Consul6ng"companies"
Other"companies"
Research"
Academia" Industry"
9" 10"
5"2" 1"
6"6"
7"
3"
0"
2"
4"
6"
8"
10"
12"
14"
16"
18"
Knowledge" Machines" Equipment" Methods" Techniques" Processes" FaciliDes"
Academia" Industry"
KnowledgeModeling)ParadigmsSpecific)models,)as)e.g.ar5fact)modelsE/E:architectures)in)other)industry)domains
from)former)projects,)lessons)learned)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators))Model)based)System)Engineering)MethodsMethods)for)safety)and)security)cer5fica5on)Formal)methods)Give)guidance)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators)Modular)Safety)Analysis)Methods)necessary)for)ISO26262:)compliance
TechniquesTool)realiza5onsSysML)Use)of)virtualiza5onModel:based)development
ProcessesImprovement)of)technical)development)process
Processes)necessary)for)compliance)with)ISO)26262
TriggersTECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
33%#
17%#
17%#
14%#
14%#
50%#
67%#
67%#
29%#
17%#
50%#
14%#
29%#
14%#
14%#
17%#
33%#
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57%#
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17%#
24%#
22%#
0%# 25%# 50%# 75%# 100%#
Licensing#and#standards#
Educa:onal#programs#
Guidelines#
Conferences#
Research#coopera:on#
Consultancy#
Internet#resources#
CoFworking#
SoJware,#systems,#and#tools#
Publica:ons#
Personnel#exchange#
Workshops#and#mePngs#
Never# Rarely# Some:mes# OJen# Always#
Never#(1)# Rarely#(2)# Some:mes#(3)# OJen#(4)# Always#(5)#
How is the technology transfer process performed?
Transferor Transferee
Transfer object
Transfer Medium
MediumsObjects
Motivations
11"
3"
7" 8"
2"
6"
3"
4"
3"4"
2"
6"
0"
2"
4"
6"
8"
10"
12"
14"
Economic"factors"
Social"factors" Opera:onal"factors"
Strategic"factors"
Global"factors"
Personal"factors"
Academia" Industry"
5"
1" 1" 1"
3"
2"
1"2"
3"
0"
1"
2"
3"
4"
5"
6"
7"
8"
Own"company" Compe6tors" Consul6ng"companies"
Other"companies"
Research"
Academia" Industry"
9" 10"
5"2" 1"
6"6"
7"
3"
0"
2"
4"
6"
8"
10"
12"
14"
16"
18"
Knowledge" Machines" Equipment" Methods" Techniques" Processes" FaciliDes"
Academia" Industry"
KnowledgeModeling)ParadigmsSpecific)models,)as)e.g.ar5fact)modelsE/E:architectures)in)other)industry)domains
from)former)projects,)lessons)learned)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators))Model)based)System)Engineering)MethodsMethods)for)safety)and)security)cer5fica5on)Formal)methods)Give)guidance)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators)Modular)Safety)Analysis)Methods)necessary)for)ISO26262:)compliance
TechniquesTool)realiza5onsSysML)Use)of)virtualiza5onModel:based)development
ProcessesImprovement)of)technical)development)process
Processes)necessary)for)compliance)with)ISO)26262
TriggersTECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
33%#
17%#
17%#
14%#
14%#
50%#
67%#
67%#
29%#
17%#
50%#
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13%#
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17%#
24%#
22%#
0%# 25%# 50%# 75%# 100%#
Licensing#and#standards#
Educa:onal#programs#
Guidelines#
Conferences#
Research#coopera:on#
Consultancy#
Internet#resources#
CoFworking#
SoJware,#systems,#and#tools#
Publica:ons#
Personnel#exchange#
Workshops#and#mePngs#
Never# Rarely# Some:mes# OJen# Always#
Never#(1)# Rarely#(2)# Some:mes#(3)# OJen#(4)# Always#(5)#
How is the technology transfer process performed?
“I’m not sure whether there is an explicit process.[…]”
Transferor Transferee
Transfer object
Transfer Medium
MediumsObjects
Motivations
11"
3"
7" 8"
2"
6"
3"
4"
3"4"
2"
6"
0"
2"
4"
6"
8"
10"
12"
14"
Economic"factors"
Social"factors" Opera:onal"factors"
Strategic"factors"
Global"factors"
Personal"factors"
Academia" Industry"
5"
1" 1" 1"
3"
2"
1"2"
3"
0"
1"
2"
3"
4"
5"
6"
7"
8"
Own"company" Compe6tors" Consul6ng"companies"
Other"companies"
Research"
Academia" Industry"
9" 10"
5"2" 1"
6"6"
7"
3"
0"
2"
4"
6"
8"
10"
12"
14"
16"
18"
Knowledge" Machines" Equipment" Methods" Techniques" Processes" FaciliDes"
Academia" Industry"
KnowledgeModeling)ParadigmsSpecific)models,)as)e.g.ar5fact)modelsE/E:architectures)in)other)industry)domains
from)former)projects,)lessons)learned)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators))Model)based)System)Engineering)MethodsMethods)for)safety)and)security)cer5fica5on)Formal)methods)Give)guidance)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators)Modular)Safety)Analysis)Methods)necessary)for)ISO26262:)compliance
TechniquesTool)realiza5onsSysML)Use)of)virtualiza5onModel:based)development
ProcessesImprovement)of)technical)development)process
Processes)necessary)for)compliance)with)ISO)26262
TriggersTECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
33%#
17%#
17%#
14%#
14%#
50%#
67%#
67%#
29%#
17%#
50%#
14%#
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13%#
33%#
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31%#
39%#
39%#
33%#
41%#
61%#
13%#
06%#
06%#
13%#
06%#
17%#
24%#
22%#
0%# 25%# 50%# 75%# 100%#
Licensing#and#standards#
Educa:onal#programs#
Guidelines#
Conferences#
Research#coopera:on#
Consultancy#
Internet#resources#
CoFworking#
SoJware,#systems,#and#tools#
Publica:ons#
Personnel#exchange#
Workshops#and#mePngs#
Never# Rarely# Some:mes# OJen# Always#
Never#(1)# Rarely#(2)# Some:mes#(3)# OJen#(4)# Always#(5)#
How is the technology transfer process performed?
H: Technology transfer takes place without an explicit process.
Transferor Transferee
Transfer object
Transfer Medium
MediumsObjects
Motivations
11"
3"
7" 8"
2"
6"
3"
4"
3"4"
2"
6"
0"
2"
4"
6"
8"
10"
12"
14"
Economic"factors"
Social"factors" Opera:onal"factors"
Strategic"factors"
Global"factors"
Personal"factors"
Academia" Industry"
5"
1" 1" 1"
3"
2"
1"2"
3"
0"
1"
2"
3"
4"
5"
6"
7"
8"
Own"company" Compe6tors" Consul6ng"companies"
Other"companies"
Research"
Academia" Industry"
9" 10"
5"2" 1"
6"6"
7"
3"
0"
2"
4"
6"
8"
10"
12"
14"
16"
18"
Knowledge" Machines" Equipment" Methods" Techniques" Processes" FaciliDes"
Academia" Industry"
KnowledgeModeling)ParadigmsSpecific)models,)as)e.g.ar5fact)modelsE/E:architectures)in)other)industry)domains
from)former)projects,)lessons)learned)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators))Model)based)System)Engineering)MethodsMethods)for)safety)and)security)cer5fica5on)Formal)methods)Give)guidance)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators)Modular)Safety)Analysis)Methods)necessary)for)ISO26262:)compliance
TechniquesTool)realiza5onsSysML)Use)of)virtualiza5onModel:based)development
ProcessesImprovement)of)technical)development)process
Processes)necessary)for)compliance)with)ISO)26262
TriggersTECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
33%#
17%#
17%#
14%#
14%#
50%#
67%#
67%#
29%#
17%#
50%#
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06%#
31%#
41%#
27%#
39%#
06%#
12%#
31%#
11%#
17%#
11%#
12%#
19%#
41%#
33%#
17%#
50%#
35%#
19%#
44%#
33%#
33%#
24%#
17%#
06%#
06%#
13%#
33%#
33%#
35%#
31%#
39%#
39%#
33%#
41%#
61%#
13%#
06%#
06%#
13%#
06%#
17%#
24%#
22%#
0%# 25%# 50%# 75%# 100%#
Licensing#and#standards#
Educa:onal#programs#
Guidelines#
Conferences#
Research#coopera:on#
Consultancy#
Internet#resources#
CoFworking#
SoJware,#systems,#and#tools#
Publica:ons#
Personnel#exchange#
Workshops#and#mePngs#
Never# Rarely# Some:mes# OJen# Always#
Never#(1)# Rarely#(2)# Some:mes#(3)# OJen#(4)# Always#(5)#
How is the technology transfer process performed?
H: Technology transfer takes place without an explicit process.
“Needs for action are identified. Possible transfer objects are identified.Transfer objects are modified, so that they fit the to our internal processes. Objectsare applied in pilot projects. Objects are integrated in internal work instructions.”
Transferor Transferee
Transfer object
Transfer Medium
MediumsObjects
Motivations
11"
3"
7" 8"
2"
6"
3"
4"
3"4"
2"
6"
0"
2"
4"
6"
8"
10"
12"
14"
Economic"factors"
Social"factors" Opera:onal"factors"
Strategic"factors"
Global"factors"
Personal"factors"
Academia" Industry"
5"
1" 1" 1"
3"
2"
1"2"
3"
0"
1"
2"
3"
4"
5"
6"
7"
8"
Own"company" Compe6tors" Consul6ng"companies"
Other"companies"
Research"
Academia" Industry"
9" 10"
5"2" 1"
6"6"
7"
3"
0"
2"
4"
6"
8"
10"
12"
14"
16"
18"
Knowledge" Machines" Equipment" Methods" Techniques" Processes" FaciliDes"
Academia" Industry"
KnowledgeModeling)ParadigmsSpecific)models,)as)e.g.ar5fact)modelsE/E:architectures)in)other)industry)domains
from)former)projects,)lessons)learned)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators))Model)based)System)Engineering)MethodsMethods)for)safety)and)security)cer5fica5on)Formal)methods)Give)guidance)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators)Modular)Safety)Analysis)Methods)necessary)for)ISO26262:)compliance
TechniquesTool)realiza5onsSysML)Use)of)virtualiza5onModel:based)development
ProcessesImprovement)of)technical)development)process
Processes)necessary)for)compliance)with)ISO)26262
TriggersTECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
33%#
17%#
17%#
14%#
14%#
50%#
67%#
67%#
29%#
17%#
50%#
14%#
29%#
14%#
14%#
17%#
33%#
17%#
14%#
57%#
50%#
17%#
43%#
29%#
14%#
14%#
29%#
57%#
43%#
33%#
29%#
14%#
57%#
57%#
57%#
17%#
14%#
14%#
14%#
14%#
50%#
18%#
11%#
09%#
18%#
09%#
10%#
09%#
20%#
27%#
45%#
09%#
20%#
09%#
09%#
09%#
10%#
20%#
45%#
44%#
18%#
45%#
27%#
20%#
45%#
36%#
45%#
30%#
09%#
10%#
09%#
22%#
18%#
27%#
30%#
45%#
55%#
18%#
30%#
64%#
22%#
09%#
20%#
18%#
30%#
27%#
44%#
12%#
13%#
06%#
11%#
12%#
06%#
06%#
06%#
06%#
31%#
41%#
27%#
39%#
06%#
12%#
31%#
11%#
17%#
11%#
12%#
19%#
41%#
33%#
17%#
50%#
35%#
19%#
44%#
33%#
33%#
24%#
17%#
06%#
06%#
13%#
33%#
33%#
35%#
31%#
39%#
39%#
33%#
41%#
61%#
13%#
06%#
06%#
13%#
06%#
17%#
24%#
22%#
0%# 25%# 50%# 75%# 100%#
Licensing#and#standards#
Educa:onal#programs#
Guidelines#
Conferences#
Research#coopera:on#
Consultancy#
Internet#resources#
CoFworking#
SoJware,#systems,#and#tools#
Publica:ons#
Personnel#exchange#
Workshops#and#mePngs#
Never# Rarely# Some:mes# OJen# Always#
Never#(1)# Rarely#(2)# Some:mes#(3)# OJen#(4)# Always#(5)#
How is the technology transfer process performed?
H: The standard model of representing TT as a transaction of an object that occurs from a transferor to a transferee does not fit reality.
H: Technology transfer takes place without an explicit process.
Transferor Transferee
Transfer object
Transfer Medium
MediumsObjects
Motivations
11"
3"
7" 8"
2"
6"
3"
4"
3"4"
2"
6"
0"
2"
4"
6"
8"
10"
12"
14"
Economic"factors"
Social"factors" Opera:onal"factors"
Strategic"factors"
Global"factors"
Personal"factors"
Academia" Industry"
5"
1" 1" 1"
3"
2"
1"2"
3"
0"
1"
2"
3"
4"
5"
6"
7"
8"
Own"company" Compe6tors" Consul6ng"companies"
Other"companies"
Research"
Academia" Industry"
9" 10"
5"2" 1"
6"6"
7"
3"
0"
2"
4"
6"
8"
10"
12"
14"
16"
18"
Knowledge" Machines" Equipment" Methods" Techniques" Processes" FaciliDes"
Academia" Industry"
KnowledgeModeling)ParadigmsSpecific)models,)as)e.g.ar5fact)modelsE/E:architectures)in)other)industry)domains
from)former)projects,)lessons)learned)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators))Model)based)System)Engineering)MethodsMethods)for)safety)and)security)cer5fica5on)Formal)methods)Give)guidance)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators)Modular)Safety)Analysis)Methods)necessary)for)ISO26262:)compliance
TechniquesTool)realiza5onsSysML)Use)of)virtualiza5onModel:based)development
ProcessesImprovement)of)technical)development)process
Processes)necessary)for)compliance)with)ISO)26262
TriggersTECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
33%#
17%#
17%#
14%#
14%#
50%#
67%#
67%#
29%#
17%#
50%#
14%#
29%#
14%#
14%#
17%#
33%#
17%#
14%#
57%#
50%#
17%#
43%#
29%#
14%#
14%#
29%#
57%#
43%#
33%#
29%#
14%#
57%#
57%#
57%#
17%#
14%#
14%#
14%#
14%#
50%#
18%#
11%#
09%#
18%#
09%#
10%#
09%#
20%#
27%#
45%#
09%#
20%#
09%#
09%#
09%#
10%#
20%#
45%#
44%#
18%#
45%#
27%#
20%#
45%#
36%#
45%#
30%#
09%#
10%#
09%#
22%#
18%#
27%#
30%#
45%#
55%#
18%#
30%#
64%#
22%#
09%#
20%#
18%#
30%#
27%#
44%#
12%#
13%#
06%#
11%#
12%#
06%#
06%#
06%#
06%#
31%#
41%#
27%#
39%#
06%#
12%#
31%#
11%#
17%#
11%#
12%#
19%#
41%#
33%#
17%#
50%#
35%#
19%#
44%#
33%#
33%#
24%#
17%#
06%#
06%#
13%#
33%#
33%#
35%#
31%#
39%#
39%#
33%#
41%#
61%#
13%#
06%#
06%#
13%#
06%#
17%#
24%#
22%#
0%# 25%# 50%# 75%# 100%#
Licensing#and#standards#
Educa:onal#programs#
Guidelines#
Conferences#
Research#coopera:on#
Consultancy#
Internet#resources#
CoFworking#
SoJware,#systems,#and#tools#
Publica:ons#
Personnel#exchange#
Workshops#and#mePngs#
Never# Rarely# Some:mes# OJen# Always#
Never#(1)# Rarely#(2)# Some:mes#(3)# OJen#(4)# Always#(5)#
How is the technology transfer process performed?
H: The standard model of representing TT as a transaction of an object that occurs from a transferor to a transferee does not fit reality.
H: Technology transfer takes place without an explicit process.
We need to consider: – TT needs careful choice of mediums in response to the objects.– TT is a bidirectional process of sharing and developing an object rather than transferring one.– TT needs a concept of sustainable adaptation of an object.
Transferor Transferee
Transfer object
Transfer Medium
MediumsObjects
Motivations
11"
3"
7" 8"
2"
6"
3"
4"
3"4"
2"
6"
0"
2"
4"
6"
8"
10"
12"
14"
Economic"factors"
Social"factors" Opera:onal"factors"
Strategic"factors"
Global"factors"
Personal"factors"
Academia" Industry"
5"
1" 1" 1"
3"
2"
1"2"
3"
0"
1"
2"
3"
4"
5"
6"
7"
8"
Own"company" Compe6tors" Consul6ng"companies"
Other"companies"
Research"
Academia" Industry"
9" 10"
5"2" 1"
6"6"
7"
3"
0"
2"
4"
6"
8"
10"
12"
14"
16"
18"
Knowledge" Machines" Equipment" Methods" Techniques" Processes" FaciliDes"
Academia" Industry"
KnowledgeModeling)ParadigmsSpecific)models,)as)e.g.ar5fact)modelsE/E:architectures)in)other)industry)domains
from)former)projects,)lessons)learned)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators))Model)based)System)Engineering)MethodsMethods)for)safety)and)security)cer5fica5on)Formal)methods)Give)guidance)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators)Modular)Safety)Analysis)Methods)necessary)for)ISO26262:)compliance
TechniquesTool)realiza5onsSysML)Use)of)virtualiza5onModel:based)development
ProcessesImprovement)of)technical)development)process
Processes)necessary)for)compliance)with)ISO)26262
TriggersTECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
33%#
17%#
17%#
14%#
14%#
50%#
67%#
67%#
29%#
17%#
50%#
14%#
29%#
14%#
14%#
17%#
33%#
17%#
14%#
57%#
50%#
17%#
43%#
29%#
14%#
14%#
29%#
57%#
43%#
33%#
29%#
14%#
57%#
57%#
57%#
17%#
14%#
14%#
14%#
14%#
50%#
18%#
11%#
09%#
18%#
09%#
10%#
09%#
20%#
27%#
45%#
09%#
20%#
09%#
09%#
09%#
10%#
20%#
45%#
44%#
18%#
45%#
27%#
20%#
45%#
36%#
45%#
30%#
09%#
10%#
09%#
22%#
18%#
27%#
30%#
45%#
55%#
18%#
30%#
64%#
22%#
09%#
20%#
18%#
30%#
27%#
44%#
12%#
13%#
06%#
11%#
12%#
06%#
06%#
06%#
06%#
31%#
41%#
27%#
39%#
06%#
12%#
31%#
11%#
17%#
11%#
12%#
19%#
41%#
33%#
17%#
50%#
35%#
19%#
44%#
33%#
33%#
24%#
17%#
06%#
06%#
13%#
33%#
33%#
35%#
31%#
39%#
39%#
33%#
41%#
61%#
13%#
06%#
06%#
13%#
06%#
17%#
24%#
22%#
0%# 25%# 50%# 75%# 100%#
Licensing#and#standards#
Educa:onal#programs#
Guidelines#
Conferences#
Research#coopera:on#
Consultancy#
Internet#resources#
CoFworking#
SoJware,#systems,#and#tools#
Publica:ons#
Personnel#exchange#
Workshops#and#mePngs#
Never# Rarely# Some:mes# OJen# Always#
Never#(1)# Rarely#(2)# Some:mes#(3)# OJen#(4)# Always#(5)#
Daniel Méndez [email protected] @mendezfe
XIÉ XIE
The standard model of representing TT as a transaction of an object that occurs from a transferor toa transferee does not fit reality.
Technology transfer takes place without an explicit process.
The motivations that drive the transfer in industry and academia are heterogenous.
Industrial organisations gain new knowledge mainly within their own confines.
The technologies developed in SE research projects are not mature enough for direct application, but needstrong customisation to fit the industrial context.
Most used transfer mediums are human intensive.
Hypotheses