an exploratory study on technology transfer in software engineering

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Technische Universität München An Exploratory Study on Technology Transfer in Software Engineering Joint work with Philipp Diebold Antonio Vetrò Daniel Méndez Technical University of Munich Germany ESEM 2015 Beijing, China @mendezfe

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Technische Universität München

An Exploratory Study on Technology Transfer in Software Engineering

Joint work withPhilipp DieboldAntonio Vetrò

Daniel Méndez

Technical University of MunichGermany

ESEM 2015Beijing, China

@mendezfe

What is Technology Transfer?

Technology Transfer (TT) is formally defined as

“the process of sharing knowledge, machines, equipment, methods, techniques, processes, and facilities with the aim of facilitating accessibility of scientific and

technological developments from primary discoverers or transferors to potential users or transferees/recipients, who will exploit the technology into new

products, processes, applications, and business models”

Teece, D.J. 1997. Technology transfer by multinational firms: The resource cost of transferring technological know-how. In Economics Journal, 242-261

Transferor Transferee

Transfer object

Transfer Medium

A simple model for TT

Technology transfer in practice

Study design - goals & context

Goalsthe TT of SE objectsCharacterise

With respect to

From the perspective of

In context of

(SG1) the current state of practice,(SG2) the transfer mediums used, and(SG3) improvements / future transfer trendsindustry and academia

the project ARAMIS* and SPES_XT**

*

**

http://spes2020.informatik.tu-muenchen.de

http://www.projekt-aramis.de

Details on the study design

Study design - instrument

End

Start

Demographics

Current State of Transfer

Mediums Assessment

Transfer Improvement

Exemplary questions

What are your motivations for TT?

What are your transfer objects?

How is the technology transfer process performed?

What are the transfer mediums you are using?

How many employees are working in your org.?What is your organisation?…

…Are you interested in starting a TT project with measurement goals?

Where do you get the trigger for TT?

Details on the instrument in the paper

Scope of the talk

What are your motivations for TT?

What are your transfer objects?

How is the technology transfer process performed?

What are the transfer mediums you are using?

Where do you get the trigger for TT?

13#

2#

7# Transferor#

Transferee#

Both#

TT Role

1"1"

12"

<10"

10&49"

50&249"

250&500"

>500"

1"

4"

3"

<10"

10'49"

50'249"

250'500"

>500"

AcademiaIndustry

Distribution / Size: 37 respondents, 22 persons completed the survey

Domain

6

3

5

3

3

2

Automotive

Avionics

Automation

Railway

Tool

Other

Transferor Transferee

Transfer object

Transfer Medium

MediumsObjects

Motivations

11"

3"

7" 8"

2"

6"

3"

4"

3"4"

2"

6"

0"

2"

4"

6"

8"

10"

12"

14"

Economic"factors"

Social"factors" Opera:onal"factors"

Strategic"factors"

Global"factors"

Personal"factors"

Academia" Industry"

5"

1" 1" 1"

3"

2"

1"2"

3"

0"

1"

2"

3"

4"

5"

6"

7"

8"

Own"company" Compe6tors" Consul6ng"companies"

Other"companies"

Research"

Academia" Industry"

9" 10"

5"2" 1"

6"6"

7"

3"

0"

2"

4"

6"

8"

10"

12"

14"

16"

18"

Knowledge" Machines" Equipment" Methods" Techniques" Processes" FaciliDes"

Academia" Industry"

KnowledgeModeling)ParadigmsSpecific)models,)as)e.g.ar5fact)modelsE/E:architectures)in)other)industry)domains

from)former)projects,)lessons)learned)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators))Model)based)System)Engineering)MethodsMethods)for)safety)and)security)cer5fica5on)Formal)methods)Give)guidance)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators)Modular)Safety)Analysis)Methods)necessary)for)ISO26262:)compliance

TechniquesTool)realiza5onsSysML)Use)of)virtualiza5onModel:based)development

ProcessesImprovement)of)technical)development)process

Processes)necessary)for)compliance)with)ISO)26262

TriggersTECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

33%#

17%#

17%#

14%#

14%#

50%#

67%#

67%#

29%#

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0%# 25%# 50%# 75%# 100%#

Licensing#and#standards#

Educa:onal#programs#

Guidelines#

Conferences#

Research#coopera:on#

Consultancy#

Internet#resources#

CoFworking#

SoJware,#systems,#and#tools#

Publica:ons#

Personnel#exchange#

Workshops#and#mePngs#

Never# Rarely# Some:mes# OJen# Always#

Never#(1)# Rarely#(2)# Some:mes#(3)# OJen#(4)# Always#(5)#

Results (selected)

Transferor Transferee

Transfer object

Transfer Medium

MediumsObjects

Motivations

11"

3"

7" 8"

2"

6"

3"

4"

3"4"

2"

6"

0"

2"

4"

6"

8"

10"

12"

14"

Economic"factors"

Social"factors" Opera:onal"factors"

Strategic"factors"

Global"factors"

Personal"factors"

Academia" Industry"

5"

1" 1" 1"

3"

2"

1"2"

3"

0"

1"

2"

3"

4"

5"

6"

7"

8"

Own"company" Compe6tors" Consul6ng"companies"

Other"companies"

Research"

Academia" Industry"

9" 10"

5"2" 1"

6"6"

7"

3"

0"

2"

4"

6"

8"

10"

12"

14"

16"

18"

Knowledge" Machines" Equipment" Methods" Techniques" Processes" FaciliDes"

Academia" Industry"

KnowledgeModeling)ParadigmsSpecific)models,)as)e.g.ar5fact)modelsE/E:architectures)in)other)industry)domains

from)former)projects,)lessons)learned)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators))Model)based)System)Engineering)MethodsMethods)for)safety)and)security)cer5fica5on)Formal)methods)Give)guidance)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators)Modular)Safety)Analysis)Methods)necessary)for)ISO26262:)compliance

TechniquesTool)realiza5onsSysML)Use)of)virtualiza5onModel:based)development

ProcessesImprovement)of)technical)development)process

Processes)necessary)for)compliance)with)ISO)26262

TriggersTECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

33%#

17%#

17%#

14%#

14%#

50%#

67%#

67%#

29%#

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50%#

14%#

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0%# 25%# 50%# 75%# 100%#

Licensing#and#standards#

Educa:onal#programs#

Guidelines#

Conferences#

Research#coopera:on#

Consultancy#

Internet#resources#

CoFworking#

SoJware,#systems,#and#tools#

Publica:ons#

Personnel#exchange#

Workshops#and#mePngs#

Never# Rarely# Some:mes# OJen# Always#

Never#(1)# Rarely#(2)# Some:mes#(3)# OJen#(4)# Always#(5)#

What are your motivations for TT?

H: The motivations that drive the transfer in industry and academia are heterogenous.

Transferor Transferee

Transfer object

Transfer Medium

MediumsObjects

Motivations

11"

3"

7" 8"

2"

6"

3"

4"

3"4"

2"

6"

0"

2"

4"

6"

8"

10"

12"

14"

Economic"factors"

Social"factors" Opera:onal"factors"

Strategic"factors"

Global"factors"

Personal"factors"

Academia" Industry"

5"

1" 1" 1"

3"

2"

1"2"

3"

0"

1"

2"

3"

4"

5"

6"

7"

8"

Own"company" Compe6tors" Consul6ng"companies"

Other"companies"

Research"

Academia" Industry"

9" 10"

5"2" 1"

6"6"

7"

3"

0"

2"

4"

6"

8"

10"

12"

14"

16"

18"

Knowledge" Machines" Equipment" Methods" Techniques" Processes" FaciliDes"

Academia" Industry"

KnowledgeModeling)ParadigmsSpecific)models,)as)e.g.ar5fact)modelsE/E:architectures)in)other)industry)domains

from)former)projects,)lessons)learned)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators))Model)based)System)Engineering)MethodsMethods)for)safety)and)security)cer5fica5on)Formal)methods)Give)guidance)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators)Modular)Safety)Analysis)Methods)necessary)for)ISO26262:)compliance

TechniquesTool)realiza5onsSysML)Use)of)virtualiza5onModel:based)development

ProcessesImprovement)of)technical)development)process

Processes)necessary)for)compliance)with)ISO)26262

TriggersTECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

33%#

17%#

17%#

14%#

14%#

50%#

67%#

67%#

29%#

17%#

50%#

14%#

29%#

14%#

14%#

17%#

33%#

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14%#

57%#

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0%# 25%# 50%# 75%# 100%#

Licensing#and#standards#

Educa:onal#programs#

Guidelines#

Conferences#

Research#coopera:on#

Consultancy#

Internet#resources#

CoFworking#

SoJware,#systems,#and#tools#

Publica:ons#

Personnel#exchange#

Workshops#and#mePngs#

Never# Rarely# Some:mes# OJen# Always#

Never#(1)# Rarely#(2)# Some:mes#(3)# OJen#(4)# Always#(5)#

Where do you get the trigger for TT?

H: Industrial organisations gain new knowledge mainly within their own confines.

Transferor Transferee

Transfer object

Transfer Medium

MediumsObjects

Motivations

11"

3"

7" 8"

2"

6"

3"

4"

3"4"

2"

6"

0"

2"

4"

6"

8"

10"

12"

14"

Economic"factors"

Social"factors" Opera:onal"factors"

Strategic"factors"

Global"factors"

Personal"factors"

Academia" Industry"

5"

1" 1" 1"

3"

2"

1"2"

3"

0"

1"

2"

3"

4"

5"

6"

7"

8"

Own"company" Compe6tors" Consul6ng"companies"

Other"companies"

Research"

Academia" Industry"

9" 10"

5"2" 1"

6"6"

7"

3"

0"

2"

4"

6"

8"

10"

12"

14"

16"

18"

Knowledge" Machines" Equipment" Methods" Techniques" Processes" FaciliDes"

Academia" Industry"

KnowledgeModeling)ParadigmsSpecific)models,)as)e.g.ar5fact)modelsE/E:architectures)in)other)industry)domains

from)former)projects,)lessons)learned)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators))Model)based)System)Engineering)MethodsMethods)for)safety)and)security)cer5fica5on)Formal)methods)Give)guidance)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators)Modular)Safety)Analysis)Methods)necessary)for)ISO26262:)compliance

TechniquesTool)realiza5onsSysML)Use)of)virtualiza5onModel:based)development

ProcessesImprovement)of)technical)development)process

Processes)necessary)for)compliance)with)ISO)26262

TriggersTECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

33%#

17%#

17%#

14%#

14%#

50%#

67%#

67%#

29%#

17%#

50%#

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06%#

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13%#

06%#

17%#

24%#

22%#

0%# 25%# 50%# 75%# 100%#

Licensing#and#standards#

Educa:onal#programs#

Guidelines#

Conferences#

Research#coopera:on#

Consultancy#

Internet#resources#

CoFworking#

SoJware,#systems,#and#tools#

Publica:ons#

Personnel#exchange#

Workshops#and#mePngs#

Never# Rarely# Some:mes# OJen# Always#

Never#(1)# Rarely#(2)# Some:mes#(3)# OJen#(4)# Always#(5)#

What are your transfer objects?

“This new thing might be a good solution. However, in most cases the solution has to be adapted to the specific needs of the customer.”

Transferor Transferee

Transfer object

Transfer Medium

MediumsObjects

Motivations

11"

3"

7" 8"

2"

6"

3"

4"

3"4"

2"

6"

0"

2"

4"

6"

8"

10"

12"

14"

Economic"factors"

Social"factors" Opera:onal"factors"

Strategic"factors"

Global"factors"

Personal"factors"

Academia" Industry"

5"

1" 1" 1"

3"

2"

1"2"

3"

0"

1"

2"

3"

4"

5"

6"

7"

8"

Own"company" Compe6tors" Consul6ng"companies"

Other"companies"

Research"

Academia" Industry"

9" 10"

5"2" 1"

6"6"

7"

3"

0"

2"

4"

6"

8"

10"

12"

14"

16"

18"

Knowledge" Machines" Equipment" Methods" Techniques" Processes" FaciliDes"

Academia" Industry"

KnowledgeModeling)ParadigmsSpecific)models,)as)e.g.ar5fact)modelsE/E:architectures)in)other)industry)domains

from)former)projects,)lessons)learned)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators))Model)based)System)Engineering)MethodsMethods)for)safety)and)security)cer5fica5on)Formal)methods)Give)guidance)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators)Modular)Safety)Analysis)Methods)necessary)for)ISO26262:)compliance

TechniquesTool)realiza5onsSysML)Use)of)virtualiza5onModel:based)development

ProcessesImprovement)of)technical)development)process

Processes)necessary)for)compliance)with)ISO)26262

TriggersTECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

33%#

17%#

17%#

14%#

14%#

50%#

67%#

67%#

29%#

17%#

50%#

14%#

29%#

14%#

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31%#

39%#

39%#

33%#

41%#

61%#

13%#

06%#

06%#

13%#

06%#

17%#

24%#

22%#

0%# 25%# 50%# 75%# 100%#

Licensing#and#standards#

Educa:onal#programs#

Guidelines#

Conferences#

Research#coopera:on#

Consultancy#

Internet#resources#

CoFworking#

SoJware,#systems,#and#tools#

Publica:ons#

Personnel#exchange#

Workshops#and#mePngs#

Never# Rarely# Some:mes# OJen# Always#

Never#(1)# Rarely#(2)# Some:mes#(3)# OJen#(4)# Always#(5)#

What are your transfer objects?

H: The technologies developed in SE research projects are not mature enough for direct application, but need strong customisation to fit the industrial context.

Transferor Transferee

Transfer object

Transfer Medium

MediumsObjects

Motivations

11"

3"

7" 8"

2"

6"

3"

4"

3"4"

2"

6"

0"

2"

4"

6"

8"

10"

12"

14"

Economic"factors"

Social"factors" Opera:onal"factors"

Strategic"factors"

Global"factors"

Personal"factors"

Academia" Industry"

5"

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3"

2"

1"2"

3"

0"

1"

2"

3"

4"

5"

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7"

8"

Own"company" Compe6tors" Consul6ng"companies"

Other"companies"

Research"

Academia" Industry"

9" 10"

5"2" 1"

6"6"

7"

3"

0"

2"

4"

6"

8"

10"

12"

14"

16"

18"

Knowledge" Machines" Equipment" Methods" Techniques" Processes" FaciliDes"

Academia" Industry"

KnowledgeModeling)ParadigmsSpecific)models,)as)e.g.ar5fact)modelsE/E:architectures)in)other)industry)domains

from)former)projects,)lessons)learned)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators))Model)based)System)Engineering)MethodsMethods)for)safety)and)security)cer5fica5on)Formal)methods)Give)guidance)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators)Modular)Safety)Analysis)Methods)necessary)for)ISO26262:)compliance

TechniquesTool)realiza5onsSysML)Use)of)virtualiza5onModel:based)development

ProcessesImprovement)of)technical)development)process

Processes)necessary)for)compliance)with)ISO)26262

TriggersTECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

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Never# Rarely# Some:mes# OJen# Always#

Never#(1)# Rarely#(2)# Some:mes#(3)# OJen#(4)# Always#(5)#

What are your transfer objects?

We are somewhere here…

Source: http://www.innovationseeds.eu/Virtual_Library/Knowledge/TLR_Scale.kl (European Commission)

Technology readiness level

See also the talk

On the Benefits and Barriers when adopting Software Modellingand Model Driven Techniques

H: The technologies developed in SE research projects are not mature enough for direct application, but need strong customisation to fit the industrial context.

What are the transfer mediums you are using?

H: Most used transfer mediums are human-intensive.

Transferor Transferee

Transfer object

Transfer Medium

MediumsObjects

Motivations

11"

3"

7" 8"

2"

6"

3"

4"

3"4"

2"

6"

0"

2"

4"

6"

8"

10"

12"

14"

Economic"factors"

Social"factors" Opera:onal"factors"

Strategic"factors"

Global"factors"

Personal"factors"

Academia" Industry"

5"

1" 1" 1"

3"

2"

1"2"

3"

0"

1"

2"

3"

4"

5"

6"

7"

8"

Own"company" Compe6tors" Consul6ng"companies"

Other"companies"

Research"

Academia" Industry"

9" 10"

5"2" 1"

6"6"

7"

3"

0"

2"

4"

6"

8"

10"

12"

14"

16"

18"

Knowledge" Machines" Equipment" Methods" Techniques" Processes" FaciliDes"

Academia" Industry"

KnowledgeModeling)ParadigmsSpecific)models,)as)e.g.ar5fact)modelsE/E:architectures)in)other)industry)domains

from)former)projects,)lessons)learned)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators))Model)based)System)Engineering)MethodsMethods)for)safety)and)security)cer5fica5on)Formal)methods)Give)guidance)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators)Modular)Safety)Analysis)Methods)necessary)for)ISO26262:)compliance

TechniquesTool)realiza5onsSysML)Use)of)virtualiza5onModel:based)development

ProcessesImprovement)of)technical)development)process

Processes)necessary)for)compliance)with)ISO)26262

TriggersTECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

33%#

17%#

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Guidelines#

Conferences#

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Workshops#and#mePngs#

Never# Rarely# Some:mes# OJen# Always#

Never#(1)# Rarely#(2)# Some:mes#(3)# OJen#(4)# Always#(5)#

– Knowledge: Personal exchange, workshops and meetings, publications

– Methods: Personal exchange, workshops and meetings, guidelines, consultancy, software, systems and tools

– Processes: Workshops and meetings– Tools: Workshops and meetings

… independent of object

See also the talk

In Quest for proper Mediums for Technology Transfer in Software Engineering

Transferor Transferee

Transfer object

Transfer Medium

MediumsObjects

Motivations

11"

3"

7" 8"

2"

6"

3"

4"

3"4"

2"

6"

0"

2"

4"

6"

8"

10"

12"

14"

Economic"factors"

Social"factors" Opera:onal"factors"

Strategic"factors"

Global"factors"

Personal"factors"

Academia" Industry"

5"

1" 1" 1"

3"

2"

1"2"

3"

0"

1"

2"

3"

4"

5"

6"

7"

8"

Own"company" Compe6tors" Consul6ng"companies"

Other"companies"

Research"

Academia" Industry"

9" 10"

5"2" 1"

6"6"

7"

3"

0"

2"

4"

6"

8"

10"

12"

14"

16"

18"

Knowledge" Machines" Equipment" Methods" Techniques" Processes" FaciliDes"

Academia" Industry"

KnowledgeModeling)ParadigmsSpecific)models,)as)e.g.ar5fact)modelsE/E:architectures)in)other)industry)domains

from)former)projects,)lessons)learned)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators))Model)based)System)Engineering)MethodsMethods)for)safety)and)security)cer5fica5on)Formal)methods)Give)guidance)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators)Modular)Safety)Analysis)Methods)necessary)for)ISO26262:)compliance

TechniquesTool)realiza5onsSysML)Use)of)virtualiza5onModel:based)development

ProcessesImprovement)of)technical)development)process

Processes)necessary)for)compliance)with)ISO)26262

TriggersTECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

33%#

17%#

17%#

14%#

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50%#

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Educa:onal#programs#

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Research#coopera:on#

Consultancy#

Internet#resources#

CoFworking#

SoJware,#systems,#and#tools#

Publica:ons#

Personnel#exchange#

Workshops#and#mePngs#

Never# Rarely# Some:mes# OJen# Always#

Never#(1)# Rarely#(2)# Some:mes#(3)# OJen#(4)# Always#(5)#

How is the technology transfer process performed?

Transferor Transferee

Transfer object

Transfer Medium

MediumsObjects

Motivations

11"

3"

7" 8"

2"

6"

3"

4"

3"4"

2"

6"

0"

2"

4"

6"

8"

10"

12"

14"

Economic"factors"

Social"factors" Opera:onal"factors"

Strategic"factors"

Global"factors"

Personal"factors"

Academia" Industry"

5"

1" 1" 1"

3"

2"

1"2"

3"

0"

1"

2"

3"

4"

5"

6"

7"

8"

Own"company" Compe6tors" Consul6ng"companies"

Other"companies"

Research"

Academia" Industry"

9" 10"

5"2" 1"

6"6"

7"

3"

0"

2"

4"

6"

8"

10"

12"

14"

16"

18"

Knowledge" Machines" Equipment" Methods" Techniques" Processes" FaciliDes"

Academia" Industry"

KnowledgeModeling)ParadigmsSpecific)models,)as)e.g.ar5fact)modelsE/E:architectures)in)other)industry)domains

from)former)projects,)lessons)learned)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators))Model)based)System)Engineering)MethodsMethods)for)safety)and)security)cer5fica5on)Formal)methods)Give)guidance)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators)Modular)Safety)Analysis)Methods)necessary)for)ISO26262:)compliance

TechniquesTool)realiza5onsSysML)Use)of)virtualiza5onModel:based)development

ProcessesImprovement)of)technical)development)process

Processes)necessary)for)compliance)with)ISO)26262

TriggersTECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

33%#

17%#

17%#

14%#

14%#

50%#

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Educa:onal#programs#

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Research#coopera:on#

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Workshops#and#mePngs#

Never# Rarely# Some:mes# OJen# Always#

Never#(1)# Rarely#(2)# Some:mes#(3)# OJen#(4)# Always#(5)#

How is the technology transfer process performed?

“I’m not sure whether there is an explicit process.[…]”

Transferor Transferee

Transfer object

Transfer Medium

MediumsObjects

Motivations

11"

3"

7" 8"

2"

6"

3"

4"

3"4"

2"

6"

0"

2"

4"

6"

8"

10"

12"

14"

Economic"factors"

Social"factors" Opera:onal"factors"

Strategic"factors"

Global"factors"

Personal"factors"

Academia" Industry"

5"

1" 1" 1"

3"

2"

1"2"

3"

0"

1"

2"

3"

4"

5"

6"

7"

8"

Own"company" Compe6tors" Consul6ng"companies"

Other"companies"

Research"

Academia" Industry"

9" 10"

5"2" 1"

6"6"

7"

3"

0"

2"

4"

6"

8"

10"

12"

14"

16"

18"

Knowledge" Machines" Equipment" Methods" Techniques" Processes" FaciliDes"

Academia" Industry"

KnowledgeModeling)ParadigmsSpecific)models,)as)e.g.ar5fact)modelsE/E:architectures)in)other)industry)domains

from)former)projects,)lessons)learned)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators))Model)based)System)Engineering)MethodsMethods)for)safety)and)security)cer5fica5on)Formal)methods)Give)guidance)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators)Modular)Safety)Analysis)Methods)necessary)for)ISO26262:)compliance

TechniquesTool)realiza5onsSysML)Use)of)virtualiza5onModel:based)development

ProcessesImprovement)of)technical)development)process

Processes)necessary)for)compliance)with)ISO)26262

TriggersTECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

33%#

17%#

17%#

14%#

14%#

50%#

67%#

67%#

29%#

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Never# Rarely# Some:mes# OJen# Always#

Never#(1)# Rarely#(2)# Some:mes#(3)# OJen#(4)# Always#(5)#

How is the technology transfer process performed?

H: Technology transfer takes place without an explicit process.

Transferor Transferee

Transfer object

Transfer Medium

MediumsObjects

Motivations

11"

3"

7" 8"

2"

6"

3"

4"

3"4"

2"

6"

0"

2"

4"

6"

8"

10"

12"

14"

Economic"factors"

Social"factors" Opera:onal"factors"

Strategic"factors"

Global"factors"

Personal"factors"

Academia" Industry"

5"

1" 1" 1"

3"

2"

1"2"

3"

0"

1"

2"

3"

4"

5"

6"

7"

8"

Own"company" Compe6tors" Consul6ng"companies"

Other"companies"

Research"

Academia" Industry"

9" 10"

5"2" 1"

6"6"

7"

3"

0"

2"

4"

6"

8"

10"

12"

14"

16"

18"

Knowledge" Machines" Equipment" Methods" Techniques" Processes" FaciliDes"

Academia" Industry"

KnowledgeModeling)ParadigmsSpecific)models,)as)e.g.ar5fact)modelsE/E:architectures)in)other)industry)domains

from)former)projects,)lessons)learned)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators))Model)based)System)Engineering)MethodsMethods)for)safety)and)security)cer5fica5on)Formal)methods)Give)guidance)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators)Modular)Safety)Analysis)Methods)necessary)for)ISO26262:)compliance

TechniquesTool)realiza5onsSysML)Use)of)virtualiza5onModel:based)development

ProcessesImprovement)of)technical)development)process

Processes)necessary)for)compliance)with)ISO)26262

TriggersTECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

33%#

17%#

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14%#

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44%#

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06%#

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06%#

17%#

24%#

22%#

0%# 25%# 50%# 75%# 100%#

Licensing#and#standards#

Educa:onal#programs#

Guidelines#

Conferences#

Research#coopera:on#

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CoFworking#

SoJware,#systems,#and#tools#

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Never# Rarely# Some:mes# OJen# Always#

Never#(1)# Rarely#(2)# Some:mes#(3)# OJen#(4)# Always#(5)#

How is the technology transfer process performed?

H: Technology transfer takes place without an explicit process.

“Needs for action are identified. Possible transfer objects are identified.Transfer objects are modified, so that they fit the to our internal processes. Objectsare applied in pilot projects. Objects are integrated in internal work instructions.”

Transferor Transferee

Transfer object

Transfer Medium

MediumsObjects

Motivations

11"

3"

7" 8"

2"

6"

3"

4"

3"4"

2"

6"

0"

2"

4"

6"

8"

10"

12"

14"

Economic"factors"

Social"factors" Opera:onal"factors"

Strategic"factors"

Global"factors"

Personal"factors"

Academia" Industry"

5"

1" 1" 1"

3"

2"

1"2"

3"

0"

1"

2"

3"

4"

5"

6"

7"

8"

Own"company" Compe6tors" Consul6ng"companies"

Other"companies"

Research"

Academia" Industry"

9" 10"

5"2" 1"

6"6"

7"

3"

0"

2"

4"

6"

8"

10"

12"

14"

16"

18"

Knowledge" Machines" Equipment" Methods" Techniques" Processes" FaciliDes"

Academia" Industry"

KnowledgeModeling)ParadigmsSpecific)models,)as)e.g.ar5fact)modelsE/E:architectures)in)other)industry)domains

from)former)projects,)lessons)learned)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators))Model)based)System)Engineering)MethodsMethods)for)safety)and)security)cer5fica5on)Formal)methods)Give)guidance)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators)Modular)Safety)Analysis)Methods)necessary)for)ISO26262:)compliance

TechniquesTool)realiza5onsSysML)Use)of)virtualiza5onModel:based)development

ProcessesImprovement)of)technical)development)process

Processes)necessary)for)compliance)with)ISO)26262

TriggersTECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

33%#

17%#

17%#

14%#

14%#

50%#

67%#

67%#

29%#

17%#

50%#

14%#

29%#

14%#

14%#

17%#

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17%#

14%#

57%#

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17%#

43%#

29%#

14%#

14%#

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57%#

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11%#

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13%#

06%#

17%#

24%#

22%#

0%# 25%# 50%# 75%# 100%#

Licensing#and#standards#

Educa:onal#programs#

Guidelines#

Conferences#

Research#coopera:on#

Consultancy#

Internet#resources#

CoFworking#

SoJware,#systems,#and#tools#

Publica:ons#

Personnel#exchange#

Workshops#and#mePngs#

Never# Rarely# Some:mes# OJen# Always#

Never#(1)# Rarely#(2)# Some:mes#(3)# OJen#(4)# Always#(5)#

How is the technology transfer process performed?

H: The standard model of representing TT as a transaction of an object that occurs from a transferor to a transferee does not fit reality.

H: Technology transfer takes place without an explicit process.

Transferor Transferee

Transfer object

Transfer Medium

MediumsObjects

Motivations

11"

3"

7" 8"

2"

6"

3"

4"

3"4"

2"

6"

0"

2"

4"

6"

8"

10"

12"

14"

Economic"factors"

Social"factors" Opera:onal"factors"

Strategic"factors"

Global"factors"

Personal"factors"

Academia" Industry"

5"

1" 1" 1"

3"

2"

1"2"

3"

0"

1"

2"

3"

4"

5"

6"

7"

8"

Own"company" Compe6tors" Consul6ng"companies"

Other"companies"

Research"

Academia" Industry"

9" 10"

5"2" 1"

6"6"

7"

3"

0"

2"

4"

6"

8"

10"

12"

14"

16"

18"

Knowledge" Machines" Equipment" Methods" Techniques" Processes" FaciliDes"

Academia" Industry"

KnowledgeModeling)ParadigmsSpecific)models,)as)e.g.ar5fact)modelsE/E:architectures)in)other)industry)domains

from)former)projects,)lessons)learned)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators))Model)based)System)Engineering)MethodsMethods)for)safety)and)security)cer5fica5on)Formal)methods)Give)guidance)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators)Modular)Safety)Analysis)Methods)necessary)for)ISO26262:)compliance

TechniquesTool)realiza5onsSysML)Use)of)virtualiza5onModel:based)development

ProcessesImprovement)of)technical)development)process

Processes)necessary)for)compliance)with)ISO)26262

TriggersTECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

33%#

17%#

17%#

14%#

14%#

50%#

67%#

67%#

29%#

17%#

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14%#

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61%#

13%#

06%#

06%#

13%#

06%#

17%#

24%#

22%#

0%# 25%# 50%# 75%# 100%#

Licensing#and#standards#

Educa:onal#programs#

Guidelines#

Conferences#

Research#coopera:on#

Consultancy#

Internet#resources#

CoFworking#

SoJware,#systems,#and#tools#

Publica:ons#

Personnel#exchange#

Workshops#and#mePngs#

Never# Rarely# Some:mes# OJen# Always#

Never#(1)# Rarely#(2)# Some:mes#(3)# OJen#(4)# Always#(5)#

How is the technology transfer process performed?

H: The standard model of representing TT as a transaction of an object that occurs from a transferor to a transferee does not fit reality.

H: Technology transfer takes place without an explicit process.

We need to consider: – TT needs careful choice of mediums in response to the objects.– TT is a bidirectional process of sharing and developing an object rather than transferring one.– TT needs a concept of sustainable adaptation of an object.

Transferor Transferee

Transfer object

Transfer Medium

MediumsObjects

Motivations

11"

3"

7" 8"

2"

6"

3"

4"

3"4"

2"

6"

0"

2"

4"

6"

8"

10"

12"

14"

Economic"factors"

Social"factors" Opera:onal"factors"

Strategic"factors"

Global"factors"

Personal"factors"

Academia" Industry"

5"

1" 1" 1"

3"

2"

1"2"

3"

0"

1"

2"

3"

4"

5"

6"

7"

8"

Own"company" Compe6tors" Consul6ng"companies"

Other"companies"

Research"

Academia" Industry"

9" 10"

5"2" 1"

6"6"

7"

3"

0"

2"

4"

6"

8"

10"

12"

14"

16"

18"

Knowledge" Machines" Equipment" Methods" Techniques" Processes" FaciliDes"

Academia" Industry"

KnowledgeModeling)ParadigmsSpecific)models,)as)e.g.ar5fact)modelsE/E:architectures)in)other)industry)domains

from)former)projects,)lessons)learned)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators))Model)based)System)Engineering)MethodsMethods)for)safety)and)security)cer5fica5on)Formal)methods)Give)guidance)Concepts)and)prototypes,)demonstrators)Modular)Safety)Analysis)Methods)necessary)for)ISO26262:)compliance

TechniquesTool)realiza5onsSysML)Use)of)virtualiza5onModel:based)development

ProcessesImprovement)of)technical)development)process

Processes)necessary)for)compliance)with)ISO)26262

TriggersTECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

33%#

17%#

17%#

14%#

14%#

50%#

67%#

67%#

29%#

17%#

50%#

14%#

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14%#

14%#

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61%#

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06%#

06%#

13%#

06%#

17%#

24%#

22%#

0%# 25%# 50%# 75%# 100%#

Licensing#and#standards#

Educa:onal#programs#

Guidelines#

Conferences#

Research#coopera:on#

Consultancy#

Internet#resources#

CoFworking#

SoJware,#systems,#and#tools#

Publica:ons#

Personnel#exchange#

Workshops#and#mePngs#

Never# Rarely# Some:mes# OJen# Always#

Never#(1)# Rarely#(2)# Some:mes#(3)# OJen#(4)# Always#(5)#

Daniel Méndez [email protected] @mendezfe

XIÉ XIE

The standard model of representing TT as a transaction of an object that occurs from a transferor toa transferee does not fit reality.

Technology transfer takes place without an explicit process.

The motivations that drive the transfer in industry and academia are heterogenous.

Industrial organisations gain new knowledge mainly within their own confines.

The technologies developed in SE research projects are not mature enough for direct application, but needstrong customisation to fit the industrial context.

Most used transfer mediums are human intensive.

Hypotheses