an immense body of air that is characterized by similar temperatures & amts. of moisture at any...
TRANSCRIPT
20.1 Air Masses
An immense body of air that is characterized by similar temperatures & amts. of moisture at any altitude
As air masses move the characteristics of an air mass change and so does the weather in the area over which the air mass is moving.
Air Masses & Weather
Source region – the area over which an air mass gets its characteristics of temperature & moisture
Named according to their source regionIn addition to their overall temperature, air
masses are classified according to the surface over which they form
Classifying Air Masses
Continental Polar (cP) – dry coolContinental Tropical (cT) – dry warm or hotMaritime Polar (mP) – form over water, coldMaritime Tropical (mT) – form over water,
warm or hot
4 Basic Types of Air Masses
Much of the weather in N. America, esp. weather E of the Rockies, is influenced by continental polar (cP) & maritime tropical (mT) air masses
Weather in North America
AIR MASS FOLDABLE
20.2 Fronts
When 2 air masses meet, a front is formed. Front is a boundary that separates 2 air
masses
Fronts can form btw any 2 different air masses
Fronts are often associated with
precipitation
Formation of Fronts
Classified according to the temperature of the advancing front
4 types: Warm, Cold, Stationary, Occluded
Warm FrontForms when warm air moves into an area
formerly covered by cooler airRed line with red semicircles that point toward
the cooler air
Types of Fronts
Cold FrontForms when cold, dense air moves into a
region occupied by warmer airShown by blue line edged with blue triangles
that point toward the warmer airAdvance quicker than warm fronts do
Continued…
Stationary FrontThe flow of air on either side of a front is
neither toward the cold air mass nor toward the warm air mass. It is about parallel to the line of the front
In that case the front does not move
Continued…
Occluded FrontWhen an active cold front overtakes a warm
frontDevelops as the advancing cold air wedges the
warm front upwardWeather associated is typically complex
Continued…
Low pressures are shown by the letter LMiddle-latitude cyclones are big centers of
LP that generally travel W to E and cause stormy weather
Air moves in a counter-clockwise direction & in towards the center
Pg. 567-68 How does a Cyclone form?Bring on stormy weather
Middle Latitude Cyclones
Plays an important role in maintaining cyclonic & anticyclonic circulation.
More often than not, air high up in the atmosphere fuels a middle latitude cyclone
The Role of Airflow Aloft
20.3 Severe Storms
A storm that generates lighting & thunderProduce gusty winds, heavy rain, & hailForms from a single cumulonimbus cloud and
only affects a small area OR by a cluster of cumulonimbus clouds and impact a larger area
US experiences about 100,000 a yearForm when warm, humid air rises in an
UNSTABLE environment
Thunderstorms
Violent windstorms that take the form of a rotating column of air called a vortex. The vortex extends downward from a cumulonimbus cloud
Form in association w/ severe thunderstorms (developing a mesocyclone)
Mesocyclone – a vertical cylinder of rotating air that develops in the updraft of a thunderstorm
SPC (Storm Predication Center) monitors different kinds of severe weather
Tornadoes
Whirling tropical cyclones that produce winds of at least 119 km per hr.
Most form btw 5 – 20 degrees N & S latitude Develop most often in the late summer when
water temp. are warm enough to provide the necessary heat & moisture to the air
The center is known as the eyeCan cause storm surgesWeakens when it moves over cool oceans AND
even greater when it moves over landCategory 1-5
Hurricanes