an independent view of transport
TRANSCRIPT
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An independent view of the transport issues
Malcolm Buchanan
Colin Buchanan and Partners
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Limited experience
• Park and ride for Cambridge 1985?
• Cambridge Transport Plan Study 1991
• Expansion at Haverhill 1999?
• Cambridge sub region study 2001
• Reading:- CHUMMS- Cambridge Futures
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Local Plan Study 1991
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LPS Buses
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Mode choice 1991
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Local Plan Study Proposals 1991
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CHUMMS Study Area
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CHUMMS Recommendations
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Transport Objectives within a Regional Plan
• Increase accessibility
• Ditto for freight
• Reduce environmental impacts
• Improve safety
• Equity / social inclusiveness
• Contribute to achievement of planning aims
• Integration???
• Minimise public sector costs in achieving above
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What are the planning goals to which transport might
contribute?• Preserve the special character of Cambridge
• Control of urban expansion
• Prevent coalescence of communities
• Capitalise on the job and wealth creation potential
• Accommodation of housing and jobs
• etc.
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What sort of transport system does this require?
• Good connections to jobs?
• Right lifestyles/image?
• Attention to needs of young families?
• Access to brownfield sites?
• Capable of serving small communities?
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The Cambridge Futures Options
• Minimum growth
• Densification
• Necklace
• Green Swap
• Transport links
• Virtual corridor
• New town
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The sub region study options
• Cambridge centred
• Mixed (city, green belt, market towns)
• Market town/corridor A (Huntingdon, St Neots, Newmarket, Royston)
• Market town/corridor B (Haverhill, St Neots, Newmarket, Royston)
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Travel times (1991=100)
• Virtual highway 105
• Transport links 141
• New town 158
• Densification 176
• Minimum growth 179
• Necklace 184
• Green Swap 187
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Mode shares
Min Gr 67 14 3 5Densif 65 15 4 5Neckl 67 14 3 5Green 65 15 4 5Tpt Lks 64 13 4 9Virt Hi 49 7 2 6New Tn 60 14 8 12
Option Car Bike Bus Rail
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So is transport an issue?
• No?
• Transport is insufficiently built into the options?
• The models do not reflect transport differences sufficiently?- Car ownership/land use?- Parking policy?- Mode choice?
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Guided Busways?
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Cycling and mopeds
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Design for sustainability
• Density?
• Layout
• Land use mix
• Access priority
• The sustainable village?
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What travel markets can be served by conventional public
transport?• Trips to/from city centres:
- bus- rail- tram- P&R
• Long distance trips
• Trips to other major trip attractors
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Unplanned P&R
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0.00
200.00
400.00
600.00
800.00
1000.00
1200.00
1400.00
'0-1 1-2 2-5 5-10 10-25 25-50 50-100 >100
Trip length category miles
per
son
mile
s 00
0
Rail passenger miles
Car driver miles
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RAIL JOURNEY SPEEDS NON-LONDON
49
42
48
52
51
83
160
77
75
91
Manchester-Nottingham
Cambridge-Worcester
Southampton-Bristol
Oxford-Bristol
Grantham-Hull
Running speed mph
Distance (over track miles)
Journey
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LONDON REGION NON-RADIAL RAIL JOURNEY
SPEEDS
32
26
36
40
49
170
140
135
130
165
Canterbury-Brighton
Milton Keynes – Basingstoke
Oxford – Croydon
Guildford – Luton
Bedford – Southampton
Speed (mph)
Time (mins)
Journey
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Growth of Mobility in France. Distance Travelled per Day per Capita (Grubler, 1990)
10
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
18
00
18
50
19
00
19
50
20
00
Me
tre
s
TGV
Air
Two-wheeler
Horses
Waterways
Rail
Cars & Buses
All modes
Trend
Waterways
Rail
Horses
Buses & Car
TGVs
Air
2 Wheelers
All modes
Rail
Buses & Car
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Essentials of 19th Century Technology
• Locomotives or powered rail cars• Friction drive• Power supplies (diesel or electric current)• Trains• Wheel flanges• Points• Signal systems• Drivers
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NBP 21st Century Rail Technology?
• Linear induction motor• Single modular shuttles• Non-stop journeys origin – destination• Contactless “trains” at 100mph• Freezing of points/steering of vehicles• Mixed passenger and freight “trains”• Car technology suspension• Tilting• No signals or drivers• Use of existing (and augmented network)• 160kph(100mph) station-station journey speeds
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Conclusions 1• An interesting contribution to the debate
• Models don’t tell you everything
• Conventional public transport can beat the car in only a few circumstances
• Plan for the car where you can’t beat it
• We need a technical breakthrough
• There is one coming
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Conclusions: what transport for the region?
Layout and design for:• Walk everywhere
• Cycle and mopeds/electric bikes everywhere in range (SAFELY)
• Bus to city and major destinations (viability)
• Bus as rail (longer distance necklaces)
• Rail
• P&R
• Car: restrict where alternatives exist; plan
• Seek new alternatives