an integrated approach to the amcow gender strategy: productive/multiple water uses by barbara van...
DESCRIPTION
Presentation made by Barbara van Koppen, Rural Sociologist & Gender Expert at IWMI, World Water Week, August 26-31, 2012, Stockholm, SwedenTRANSCRIPT
Phot
o: D
avid
Bra
zier
/IW
MI
www.iwmi.org
Water for a food-secure world
Barbara van Koppen
Concrete Actions: Gender, Water and Food Security
Stockholm Water Week 2012
An integrated approach to the AMCOW gender strategy: productive/multiple water uses
www.iwmi.org
Water for a food-secure world
Policy formulated
and implemented
Human and financial
resources mobilized
Project approaches at all levels
gender sensitiveStrategic
knowledge produced, shared and
applied
Human and institutional
capacity at all levels
developed
Cooperation and
coordination strengthened
M&E,targets & indicators
Targets &indicators for AMCOW’sgender equality in water
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Water for a food-secure world
Defining ‘gender equality in water’
• Equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities in economic, social, cultural and political aspects of water development and management
• Equal valuing of gender similarities and differences (risk of sexual assaults, domestic chores, etc)
• Indicators towards equality: assess gender gaps and set ambitious, time-bound indicators for closing the gaps
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Water for a food-secure world
Unpacking ‘gender equality in water’a) water: a special resource
– water uses require different quantities/qualities– domestic uses are universal; productive uses are
context-specific– water is one, and not necessarily the limiting input – water storage and conveyance (labor,
technologies) is costly
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Water for a food-secure world
Unpacking ‘gender equality in water’: b) users and professionals
As water users: multiple uses for multiple livelihood benefits• As target group or customers of public investments• As investors in own private technologies
As public and private water professionals:• As public service providers, resource managers and policy
makers• As parastatal and private water business women/men
! Complex relationships between these two categories !
a enterprise
culture
other
domesticdrinking
Equal control over water resources
Socio-economic, political gender
equality in all classes
production
participation
leadership
Equal control over water
technologies
Equal water uses
Gendered water needs and potentials
income
brick
s, cr
afts
0
Land, credit,
marketsSkills, safety sanitation
time
access to resources
crops,
livesto
ck,
fish
health
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Water for a food-secure world
Indicators for users’ livelihoods: beyond the domestic-productive divide
1. Alleviate women’s/girls’ domestic chores as a priority across the water sector
2. Also recognize women as producers with context-specific productive water needs across the water sector; both as female heads of households and as spouses in family-based production.
Indicators for users’ livelihoods: MUS to homesteads: a universal human right?
50-100 lpcd; 5 lpcd safe‘most MDG per drop’
healthtime
resilient food and income….
..from livestock..from fish
..from enterprise
..from crops
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Water for a food-secure world
Indicators for water usesExample village water users counts
Water sources
Technology(Number/
sites)
Number of beneficiaries by gender and vulnerability status
Surface streams
Direct use 70 poor women domestic 20 poor men cattle
1 Dam 10 less poor men irrigators5 less poor women irrigators5 less poor men cattle dry season
3 Fishpond 5 less poor men
1 Irrigation 20 poor and 5 less poor men irrigators
Groundwater
5 Shallow wells
30 poor women
3 Boreholes 25 less poor womenCommunity-garden
Rain water harvesting
15 households for multiple uses
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Water for a food-secure world
Indicators for water uses-PLUS
• PLUS: equal opportunities to make beneficial use of water– Hygiene education, also for men– Safety/privacy in water transport and sanitation – Secure land tenure (homesteads, fields)– Access to production factors: Inputs, capital, credits, extension,
skills, markets, electricity connections, etc. Distinguish: individuals, female heads of households, and spouses in intra-household production relations (e.g. joint titling)
– ETC
• Requires strategic partnerships of water sector with other initiatives !
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Water for a food-secure world
Indicators for control over technologies: as target group of public investments (any uses)
Equality in planning: • needs assessment and prioritization, • technology choice, siting and/or land re-allocation, compensation in
displacement • training on technical know-how, construction employment and pay• operation, maintenance, and monitoring; training
Equality in Water User Associations membership and leadership• Context specific quota?
– > 50% for domestic uses and women-managed productive uses; – < 50% for male-dominated productive uses.
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Water for a food-secure world
Indicators for control over technologies: as investors in own technologies
• Investing in own collective technologies: – Inclusion in community planning, construction, operation and
maintenance institutions for self-supply
• Investing in private technologies: – Equal access to technologies (land tenure security, information,
technical training, capital, etc)
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Water for a food-secure world
Indicators for control over technologies as professionals
• As public service providers, policy makers, and private water business women/men– Equality in education, training and job opportunities at all levels
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Water for a food-secure world
Indicators for control over water resources
As users• Water resources allocation
– equal distribution of water – non-discrimination in plural water laws (e.g. customary water
law; permits vested in individuals or jointly in spouses)
• Protection against pollution• Protection against floods
As professionals• Equal participation in national and basin management
organizations from local to transboundary level
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Water for a food-secure world
Thank you for your attention