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An Introduction

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LEED for Neighborhood Development (ND)

Points

Efficient location

Compact & completeland-use

Multi-modal travel

Green infrastructure

25

20

20

25

90 = Platinum

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Why Are Local Governments Critical?

Land-use control.

Transportation responsibilities.

Building code implementation.

Major consumers of energy/water/materials.

Quicker to act and innovate; “first responders” to sustainable development challenges.

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Scoring Depends on Vicinity

Source: Norman, ASCE, 2006

Developer+

County

SharedSustainability

Gains

NDProjectPoints Vicinity

Points

TotalPoints

ND Project

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Savingsavailable at

neighborhoodplanning stage

Neighborhoods Matter

Source: Norman, ASCE, 2006

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LEED Rating Systems

Bldg Rating SystemsCore & shellCommercial interiorsExisting buildingsHealthcare, schoolsHomesNew constructionRetail, comm interiors

Neighborhood Development rating system

USGBC

CNUNRDCUSGBC

GBCICertification

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Three Parts of ND

SmartLocation

& Linkages

Neighborhood Pattern & Design

GreenInfrastructure

& Buildings

Where What How

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• Location efficiency

• Sensitive lands protection

• Multi-modal travel

• Public health

• Social equity• Energy efficiency & climate

protection• Water efficiency & protection

• Infrastructure efficiency

ND Policy Focus Areas

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Rating System Prerequisites & Points

SmartLocation

& Linkages

Neighborhood Pattern & Design

GreenInfrastructure

& Buildings

5 prerequisites27 points

3 prerequisites44 points

4 prerequisites29 points

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The “Where” – Smart Location & Linkage

• 5 prerequisites.

• 9 credits.

• 27 points

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Public water & wastewater service (existing or planned).

All Projects

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Location Options

1. Infill

2. Adjacent & connected

3. Transit-served

4. Walkable diverse uses

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The “What” – Neigh. Pattern & Design

• 3 prerequisites.

• 15 credits.

• 44 points

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Walkable streets: ped-oriented streetscape

NPD Prerequisites

Connectivity: intersection density – 90/sq.mi.

Compact: land-use density – 7 DU/ac, 0.5 FAR

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NPD CreditsLand-Use & Streetscape

Walkable streets

Compact Development

Mixed-Use Neighborhood Centers

Mixed-Income Diverse Communities

Transportation

Street Network

Reduced ParkingFootprint

Transit Facilities

Transportation Demand Management

Design & Amenities

Access to Civic Space

Access to Recreation Facilities

Visitability & Universal Design

Local Food Production

Tree-Lined & Shaded Streets

Neighborhood Schools

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The “How” – Green Infrastructure & Bldgs

• 4 prerequisites.

• 17 credits.

• 29 points

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One certified green building.

GIB Prerequisites

Construction pollution prevention.

Building water efficiency: 20% below Energy Policy Act.

Building energy efficiency: 10% below ASHRAE or Energy Star.

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GIB CreditsBuilding Measures

Certified Green Buildings

Building Energy Efficiency

Building Water Efficiency

Water-EfficientLandscaping

Existing Building Reuse

Historic Resource Preservation

Minimized Site Disturbance

Neighborhood Energy

Heat Island Reduction

Solar Orientation

On-Site Renewable Energy Sources

District Heating & Cooling

Infrastructure Energy Efficiency

Recycled Content in Infrastructure

Infrastructure Efficiency

Stormwater Mgmt.

Wastewater Mgmt.

Solid Waste Mgmt.

Light Pollution Reduction

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STAGE 2:Post-Entitlement

STAGE 1:Pre-Entitlement

STAGE 3:Constructed

EligibleLocation

ConfirmationRegistration

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LEED-ND Certified U.S. Projects

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― www.usgbc.org/leed/nd

― www.usgbc.org/neighborhoods― www.usgbc.org/neighborhoods

― www.gbci.org/leednd

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Local Government Leveraging of LEED-ND Accelerating Green Economic Development

Eliot Allen, AICP, LEED AP-ND, CNU-A

Criterion PlannersPortland, Oregoneliot@crit.com

March 31, 2011 WebinarNational Association of CountiesUsing a Neighborhood Rating System to Measure Sustainable Development

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LEED-ND & Economic Development

• LEED-ND can be a significant instrument for green economic development.

• When leveraged by counties, LEED-ND can produce more:

Business opportunities

Jobs

Household savings

Fiscal revenues

• Counties that are ND-ready will garner a larger share of their region’s green economic dividend.

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ND Neighborhoods = Jobs

Stores Retail/services Food production

Buildings Green construction Recycled materials

Transportation Bicycle sales/service Transit operations

Energy Renewable power District energy

Infrastructure Stormwater mgmt. Wastewater reuse

Natural Resources Biology/botany Hydrology

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Job Creation by Transportation Mode

Employment per $1 million expenditures

Garrett, University of Mass., 2010.

Jobs

16

12

8

4

0

Less LEED-ND Points More

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ND Neighborhoods & Tax Revenues

$/Acre/Year P

roperty Tax

Asheville, N.C. Land-Use Revenues - $/acre

250,000

200,000

150,000

100,000

500,000

0

Less LEED-ND Points More

Minicozzi, APA, 2010.

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Leveraging Steps

1Catalyze near-term projects.

Improve long-term opportunities.

Identify ND-eligible locations.

2

3

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Identify Eligible Locations

● Infill● Adjacent & Connected● Transit Served● Walkable Amenities

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Catalyze Projects

• Align code.

• Establish incentives.

• Lead on public lands.

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Align Local Code With ND

• Land-use.

• Transportation.

• Public works.

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Establish Incentives

Expedited permitting Fee

reduction/waiver LEED

feerebate 0

Bonusdensityzoning Technical

assistanceFinancial

assistanceAwards

recognition

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Improve Long-Term Opportunities

• Increase eligible land supply.• Increase the quantity and quality of scoreable features.

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• Close infill gaps.

• Relocate/modify transit.

• Rezone for greater diversity.

• Improve route directness.

Use ineligibility results to reverse-engineer a work plan of fixes.

Strategic Planning & Investment

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Examples of Local ND Leveraging

Oakland, CA

Austin, TX

Kane County, IL

Nashville, TN

Public agency joint land development

Road impact fee reduction.

BonusRes &

Non-ResDensity

Bonus building heightWalkable growth areas

ArlingtonCounty, VA

BloomingGrove, NY

BonusSubdivision

lots

15% financialassistance

requires ND Silver

East Lansing, MI

Urban designguidelines

Richmond, CA

ND checklist for 30+ DUs

Bellingham, WA

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Tools

Criterion Planners

• Local government leveraging workshop: www.crit.com/documenments/leedndworkshop.pdf

• Method for identifying eligible lands at: www.crit.com/documents/leedndguideforplanners.pdf

USGBC

• A Local Govt. Guide to LEED-ND: www.usgbc.org/neighborhood

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Recap

Steps1. Identify ND-eligible locations.2. Catalyze near-term projects.3. Improve long-term opportunities.

Outcomes• Superior residential and work environments.• Attraction/agglomeration of businesses.• Job creation/green economic dividend.• Resilient tax base, enhanced public revenues.