an introduction to nervous system · an introduction to nervous system by: shirin kashfi . helpful...
TRANSCRIPT
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An introduction to nervous system
By: shirin Kashfi
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Helpful Terms
CNS
Central Nervous System
PNS
Peripheral Nervous System
Ganglion (ganglia)
Group of cell bodies found in the PNS
Nucleus (nuclei)
Group of cell bodies found in the CNS (not the same as a cell nucleus)
Nerve
Bundle of nerve fibers (axons) found in the PNS
tract
Bundle of nerve fibers (axons) found in the CNS
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Primary neurolation
• In vertebrates , CNS originates from dorsal ectoderm
• CNS forms as a tube during primary neurolation
• Part of ectoderm where fusion occurs becomes neural crest which then forms PNS.
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Neural Groove Neural Groove
Neural Tube
Brain
Spinal Chord
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• by 4th week:
– Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain
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• Prosencephelon (Forebrain)
Telencephalon (cerebrum)
Diencephelon (thalamus, hypothalamus)
• Mesencephalon (Midbrain)
• Rhombencephalon (Hindbrain)
Metencephalon (pons, cerebellum)
Myelencephalon (medulla)
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Directional Terms - Brain
rostral
anterior
caudal
posterior
dorsal
superior
ventral
inferior
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Directional Terms - Brainstem and Spinal Cord
rostral
superior
caudal
inferior
dorsal
posterior
ventral
anterior
the brain takes a turn
at the cephalic flexure
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Directional Terms - Sections
Horizontal cut
Has symmetry (mirror images)
Long (oval)
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Directional Terms - Sections
Coronal cut
Has symmetry (mirror images)
round (circle-sort of)
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Directional Terms - Sections
Sagittal cut
Does not have symmetry
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What kind of cut is this?
Coronal
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What kind of cut is this?
Horizontal
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What kind of cut is this?
Horizontal
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Meninge
• The meninges are the three membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord
• In mammals, the meninges are the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia
mater
• The primary function of the meninges is to protect the central nervous system
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Dura mater
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Falx cerebri and cerebellar tentorium
• Falx cerebri is also known as the cerebral falx, named from its sickle-like form. It is
a large, crescent-shaped fold of meningeal layer of dura mater that descends
vertically in the longitudinal fissure between the cerebral hemispheres of the
human brain
• The cerebellar tentorium is an extension of the dura mater that separates the
cerebellum from the inferior portion of the occipital lobes
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Arachnoid
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Arachnoid granules
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Pia mater
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