an introduction to the american national standards institute and the united states standards system...
TRANSCRIPT
An Introductionto the
American National Standards Instituteand the
United States Standards System
Last update: April 2008
© 2008 ANSISlide 2
Introduction to ANSI and the U.S. Standardization Process
The international language
of commerce
is standards.
Source:
Former U.S. Secretary of Commerce – Donald Evans
Report on Standards and Competitiveness – Removing Standards-Related Trade Barriers Through Effective Collaboration
May 18, 2004
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Introduction to ANSI and the U.S. Standardization Process
Standards Developers and Conformity Assessment Bodies
GovernmentAcceptance
Commercialand ConsumerAcceptance
Standardization: A Global Community
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Introduction to ANSI and the U.S. Standardization Process
The U.S. Standardization Model“One Approach Among Many in the World”
The U.S. “standardization” model includes both standards-setting and conformity assessment programs
resembles the nation’s political (federal) structure
resembles the nation’s economic structure sector-based and driven by market needs
relies strongly on diversity and decentralization
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The U.S. approach to market relevance
In the U.S. alone, there are more than 95,000 recognized standards.
These documents are being developed by standards developing organizations (SDOs), with the twenty largest
of these organizations producing approximately 80% of the standards
at least 150 consortia hundreds of committees addressing the technical requirements of
standards
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Cardinal Principles of the U.S. System
TransparencyTransparencyOpennessOpenness
Due ProcessDue Process
Consensus
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Guiding Principles
Standards should meet societal and market needs and should not be developed to act as barriers to trade
The U.S. endorses the globally accepted standardizationprinciples of the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement Transparency Openness Impartiality Effectiveness and relevance Consensus Performance-based
Coherence Due process Technical Assistance Flexible Timely Balanced
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United States Standards Strategy
The United States Standards Strategy (USSS) provides a vision, purpose and common framework that can be used by U.S. stakeholders to achieve their respective standardization goals. Implementation of the Strategy is the
responsibility of all interested parties.
Approved in December 2005, the USSS is a revision of the National Standards Strategy for the United States. ANSI served as an administrator and facilitator
during the revision process. The document represents the vision of a broad
cross-section of standards stakeholders and reflects the diversity of the U.S. standards system.
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Examples:Current Standardization Initiatives
Homeland security issues such as biometrics, radiation detector systems, “safe harbors” and others
Nanotechnology terminology and nomenclature
Healthcare information technology
Identity theft protection and identity management
Alternative energy resources / alternative fuels
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Introduction to ANSI and the U.S. Standardization Process
Coordination and Harmonization Activities ANSI Standards Panels
2003
Homeland Security
Standards Panel
2004
Nanotechnology Standards Panel
2005
Healthcare Information Technology Standards
Panel
2006
ID Theft Prevention
and ID Management
Standards Panel
2007
Biofuels Standards
CoordinationPanel
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Coordination and Harmonization Activities ANSI Standards Panels (continued)
Healthcare Information Technology Standards Panel
Contract with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to support widespread interoperability among healthcare software applications, accelerate decision making, and eliminate barriers to standards harmonization.
Nanotechnology Standards Panel
Established at the request of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, Executive Office of the President of the United States to facilitate the development of standards supporting nomenclature/terminology; materials properties; and testing, measurement and characterization procedures.
Homeland Security Standards PanelPartnership with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security to accelerate development and adoption of consensus standards critical to homeland security. Support also provided to the 9-11 Commission for private sector preparedness.
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Coordination and Harmonization Activities ANSI Standards Panels (continued)
ID Theft Prevention and ID Management Standards Panel
Partnering with the Better Business Bureau to facilitate within 18 months the timely development of voluntary consensus standards aimed at minimizing the scope and scale of identity theft and fraud.
Biofuels Standards Coordination PanelLaunched in conjunction with the U.S. Department of Energy and several other federal agencies to promote the development and compatibility of voluntary consensus standards and related conformity assessment programs necessary to support the large-scale commoditization of biofuels.
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Coordination and Harmonization Activities Next on the horizon . . .
Energy management
Chemical controls and regulations Import safety / Supply Chain
Biotechnology
About ANSI
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Facilitates U.S. standardization policy development
Promotes U.S. standardization policies globally
ANSI is the bridge for standardization between industry and government
among and within industries
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Introduction to ANSI and the U.S. Standardization Process
Roles and Responsibilities to accredit U.S. Standards Developers,
U.S. Technical Advisory Groups and conformity assessment programs
to ensure integrity of the U.S. voluntary consensus standards system
to provide regional and international access to offer a neutral policy forum
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Mission: To enhance the global competitiveness of U.S. business and the American quality of life by promoting and facilitating voluntary consensus standards and conformity assessment systems and ensuring their integrity.
A Private- and Public-Sector Partnership Since 1918
ANSI is not a government agency or a standards developer.ANSI is not a government agency or a standards developer.
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Industry
TradeAssociations
ProfessionalSocieties
Government
Consumers andLabor Interests
StandardsDevelopers
OtherStakeholders
AcademicInstitutions
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COMPANYMEMBERFORUM
CONSUMERINTEREST
FORUM
ORGANIZATIONALMEMBERFORUM
GOVERNMENTMEMBERFORUM
BOARD OFDIRECTORS
Organization Chart
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U.S. PRIVATESECTOR
U.S. DOMICILEDSTANDARDS
DEVELOPING BODIES
OTHER FOREIGNSTANDARDIZATION
BODIES
INTERNATIONALSTANDARDIZATION
BODIES
REGIONALSTANDARDIZATION
BODIES
U.S. GOVERNMENT(PUBLIC SECTOR)
Domestic Standards Programs
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American National Standards Institute
APIAmerican Petroleum Institute
APIAmerican Petroleum Institute
NFPANational Fire Protection Association
NFPANational Fire Protection Association
ICCInternational Code CouncilICCInternational Code Council
CSA AmericaCSA AmericaSAESociety of Automotive Engineers
SAESociety of Automotive Engineers
Examples of U.S. Standards Organizations Accredited by ANSI
ASTM InternationalASTM International
ASABEAmerican Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers
ASABEAmerican Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers
UL Inc.Underwriters Laboratories Inc.UL Inc.Underwriters Laboratories Inc.
OthersOthers
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ANSI as an Accreditor
ANSI accreditation, whether as a standards developer, Technical Advisory Group, or a certification program, provides an assurance of:
Openness Balance Due process Transparency Consensus
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American National Standards (ANS) Developers Currently there are approximately 200
ANSI-accredited standards developersNot all standards developed by
these organizations are submitted for consideration as ANS
There are approximately 10,000 American National Standards
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ANS Development Cycle
Public Review Period(30 or 45 or 60 day Announcement in S ta nd a rds A c tion )
Consensus Ballot(Form al Ballot of Consensus Group)
Approved by theBoard of Standards Review
Appeals ProcessCom pleted
Consensus ObtainedSubm itted to the Board of Standards Review
Vote and Com m ent Resolution(Recirculation and 2nd Announcem ent, if necessary)
Developm ent of a DraftAm erican National Standard
Project Initiation
IDEAS
COMMENTS
VOTE
International andRegional Participation
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AdoptInternational Standards as
American National Standards(where they meet the needs
of the user community)
Submit American National Standards for adoption as regional or International Standards
Ensure that U.S. positions (policy
and technical) are accept- ed by international and regional standards organizations
The U.S. will . . . .
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U.S. Technical Advisory Groups (TAGs)
Similar to Accredited Standards Developers, U.S. TAGs are accredited by ANSI and must follow the Institute’s cardinal principles.
ANSI sets policy for U.S. TAGs because the Institute is recognized as the official U.S. member of ISO and, through its U.S. National Committee (USNC), is the official U.S. member of IEC.
ANSI pays total dues for U.S. membership in ISO and IEC and represents the U.S. in regional and global forums.
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U.S. Interface to IEC and ISO
ISO Technical Committee
ISO or IEC/TC XX
Subject Area
ANSI-Accredited or USNC/IEC Approved
U.S. Technical Advisory Group
TC XXX / SC 1
Subcommittee -----
TC XXX / SC 2
Subcommittee -----
U.S. TAG
/TC XX
Subject Area
U.S. TAG
TC XXX / SC 1
Subcommittee -----
U.S. TAG
TC XXX / SC 2
Subcommittee -----
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ISO Technical Committee
Subject Area
InternationalOrganization for Standardization
U.S. Member of the ISO
U.S. Technical Advisory Group (TAG) and its
AdministratorOPTIONAL
Secretariat, ISO TC or SC
ISO Example: Organizational Relationships
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U.S. National Committee of the IEC
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) – Geneva, Switzerland Comprised of 60 National Committees
(member nations) U.S. National Committee is one of
5 permanent members of the Council Board of 15 15 members of the Standardization Management Board participates in 92% of Technical Committees/Subcommittees assigned Secretariat for 15% of TC/SC Secretariats
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U.S. Member Body of the ISO
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) – Geneva, Switzerland Comprised of 159 National Standards Bodies
ANSI is one of 5 permanent members to the ISO Council of 18 4 permanent members to the Technical Management Board of 12
ANSI and its members participate in 80% of Technical Committees administer 20% of TC Secretariats
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International Organization for Standardization
International ElectrotechnicalCommission
International Telecommunications Union
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Regional Standards Bodies
COPANT (Pan-American Standards Commission) ANSI has membership on behalf of the U.S.
PASC (Pacific Area Standards Congress) ANSI has membership on behalf of the U.S.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization) ANSI has access as a liaison via the ISO/CEN Vienna Agreement
CENELEC (European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization) ANSI has access as a liaison via the IEC/CENELEC Dresden Agreement
ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) U.S. companies which qualify may apply for membership
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COPANT (Pan-American Standards Commission)
Standards setting body for Latin and South American countries Founded as the Pan American Technical Standards
Committee in 1949 to develop regional standards Executive Secretariat is in Caracas, Venezuela
Currently 28 Active and 7 Adherent member countries Oriented towards international standards, but develops
regional technical standards when none exists at the international level
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PASC(Pacific Area Standards Congress)
Founded in 1972 in Honolulu, Hawaii Currently 22 members
Membership open to any country or territory bordering on the Pacific Rim whose standards organization is a member of ISO and IEC, or national organization that PASC determines is capable of making a contribution
Secretariat responsibility rotates among members Does not set standards, rather coordinates
on standards issues
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Standards Bodies of the European Union
European Standardization Policy Established in 1984 in the General Guidelines for Co-operation between
the EU and EFTA and the European Standards bodies Goals are to strengthen the competitiveness of European industry and to
improve the functioning of the European market “New Approach” Directives state that the European Union shall look
towards the private sector to develop standards
Three organizations (CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI) now constitute the European forum for standardization These bodies are made up of diverse parties that form more than 1,500
technical groups Work to develop national standards within the European Union has
essentially ceased
Conformity Assessment Programs
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Characteristics of the U.S. Conformity Assessment System
Conformity assessment activities are not centrally organized
Activities are a mix of government (regulatory programs) and private sector (market-based programs)
Approaches vary among sectors
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Conformity Assessment Goals
Promote and achieve global acceptance of products and services through conformity assessment activities for Product certifiers Personnel certifiers ISO 9000 & 14000 registrars
(via the ANSI/ANAB partnership) International Accreditation Forum (IAF) Laboratory Accreditation Working Group -
National Council for Laboratory Accreditation
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National Conformity Assessment Principles Document (NCAP)
Articulates principles for U.S. conformity assessment activities Guidance document to be considered in
conjunction with the United States Standards
Strategy Improves the ability of consumers,
buyers, sellers, regulators and other interested parties to have confidence in the processes of providing Certification services
Approved in 2002 Implementation is the responsibility of all U.S. interests
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ANSI Accreditation Programs
Conformity Assessment
ProductCertifiers
ISO 9000 / ISO 14000Certifiers
PersonnelCertifiers
Standards Developing
Organizations
and U.S. TAGs
ISO/IEC
Guide
65
ISO/IEC
Guides
62 and 66
ISO/
IEC170
24
ANSI Procedures
Standards
Information andEducation Services
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Knowledge Provides AdvantageKnowledge Provides Advantage
ANSI as anInformation Provider
ANSI provides access to timely, relevant, and actionable information for its members and customers.
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Web-Based Information Tools ANSI Online (http://www.ansi.org)
News and information Standards Action for public notice ANSI Reporter for news and editorial
coverage NSSN: A National Resource for
Global Standards (http://www.nssn.org)
Key-word or document number searches; bibliographic data on standards; up-to-date reports on new development projects, and much more.
Electronic Standards Store(http://webstore.ansi.org)E-commerce site for real-time electronic publication sales
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Education & Training Services
Promote use and value of standards
Promote Strategic Standardization Management
Provide training on standardization participation, leadership, and administration
Membership
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Benefits to Companies
Protection The strong voice, influence and
networks necessary to help ensure that standards are not written that will exclude your products, processes or technologies
Knowledge Early awareness of new requirements Close customer and supplier contact Early assessment of new market directions
Positioning Influence at the leading edges of technology
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Benefits to Organizations
Global relevance Self-regulation Shared costs Reduced liability Reduced redundancy Marketplace acceptance
of standards
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Benefits to Consumers
Greater selection Easier choices Better and consistent quality Lower costs Enhanced safety & health
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Benefits to Government
Lower costs for procurement and regulatory agencies
Increased U.S. competitiveness, employment and economic growth
Private sector cooperation World Trade Organization (WTO) compliance Legislative compliance
Role of the Government
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The Role of Government
In the U.S., no single government agency has control over standards. Each government agency determines which standards meet
its needs. The agency is responsible for determining whether a
private sector standard already exists that is appropriate for its needs. If so, they will use the private sector standard. If not, the agency is expected to work with the private sector
to develop the needed standard.
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National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act (NTTAA) of 1995
Public Law 104-113 Signed into law on 7 March 1996 Guidance document is OMB Circular A-119
Encourages federal agencies to utilize voluntary consensus standards where feasible
Encourages federal participation in voluntary consensus standards development activities
Designates NIST as “coordinator” (no budgetary or policy authority) of government standards policy activities
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U.S. Approach to Influencing Global Standards and Trade Issues
ANSI U.S. Government
Global ISO and IEC WTO
Americas COPANT FTAA
Pacific Rim PASC APEC
Europe CEN / CENELEC / ETSI TABD
Contact Information
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For more information:
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