an introduction to_chromatography

10
By Lubna Ahmed Shantel Hernandez Keisha Napper Dayimwende Ouedraogo Christine Pennington Sunny Schemery

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Page 1: An introduction to_chromatography

By

Lubna Ahmed

Shantel Hernandez

Keisha Napper

Dayimwende Ouedraogo

Christine Pennington

Sunny Schemery

Chromatography is a method used for the separation of a mixture of compounds into its individual components

The purpose is to detect or quantitate a particular component to be assayed in a pure form

Chromatography has 2 phaseStationary Phase the material in the column for which the components to be separated having varying affinities

Mobile Phase comprised of solvents into which the sample is injected Referred to as ldquocarrier fluidrdquo due to the solvent and the sample flow through the column together

The stationary phase stays fixed in place while the

mobile phase moves the components of the

mixture through medium or column being used

Stationary phase acts as a constraint slowing

down the movement of some components in the

mobile phase

Different factors of a component affect the affinities

for the stationary phase which makes components

move faster or slower facilitating the separation of

the components in the mixture

The Column used in most application of chromatography It is were the actual separation takes place

Usually made of glass or metal tube of with enough strength to withstand the pressure that may be applied across it

The column contains the stationary phase

The mobile phase runs through the column and is absorbed onto the stationary phase

The column is either a packed bed or open tubular

(wwwwdictnetword Column+chromatography)

Feed injection into the mobile phase flows through the system by the action of a pump

Separation in the Column- sample flows through and the different components will absorb to the stationary phase to different degrees A strong attraction will move slower than components with a weak attraction This is how the separation occurs

Elution from Column- when sample is flusheddisplaced from stationary phase the different components will elute at different times Weak attraction will come out first while strongly attracted components will be last

Detection- the different components are collected as they come out of the column A detector analyzes the stream by measuring a property related to concentration and characteristics of chemical composition

web graphic (httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM4_Topic2la_16_07jpg )

Used to separate different particles in a solution for analyzing

Used in chemistry as a method of isolating certain particles for testing

Size exclusion Gel Chromatography

Used in environmental science food cosmetics forensic etc

(web graphic httpbrickertcnjedutechBIOL311chromatographyhtm )

Used to identify drugs

present in blood or

Thin Layer

Chromatography

urine

Used with

Athletes

Job applicants

People on probation

Web graphic httpwithfriendshipcomusersvarunathin-layer-chromatographyphp

ClickCopy link below

httpwwwseparationsustosohbiosciencecomServic

eSupportTechSupportResourceCenterPrinciplesofChr

omatographySizeExclusion

Carrier R (nd) Chromatography Retrieved from httpwwwrpiedudeptchem-engBiotech-EnvironCHROMOchromintrohtml

Chromatography (2013) Retrieved from httpsciencehowstuffworkscomchromatography-infohtm

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) (2008) In S Bell Facts on File Science Library Encyclopedia of Forensic Science Rev ed (pp 188-189) New York Facts on File Retrieved from httpgogalegroupcompsidoid=GALE7CCX3226900320ampv=21ampu=la32265ampit=rampp=GPSampsw=w

Testing athletes for drug uses (2013) Retrieved from httpentertainmenthowstuffworkscomathletic-drug-test8htm

Turgeon M L (2011) Linne amp ringsruds clinical laboratory science The basics and routine techniques (6 ed p 155) Mobsy publishing

(2013) World Book Inc Retrieved from httpwwwworldbookonlinecomplinfofinderarticleid=ar113900

Graphics

Chromatography [Web Graphic] Retrieved from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM4_Topic2la_16_07jpg

Column Chromatography [Web Graphic] Retrieved from wdictnetwordColumn chromatography

Size Exclusion Chromatography [Web Graphic] Retrieved from httpbrickertcnjedutechBIOL311chromatographyhtm

Thin Layer Chromatography [Web Graphic] Retrieved from httpwithfriendshipcomusersvarunathin-layer-chromatographyphp

Page 2: An introduction to_chromatography

Chromatography is a method used for the separation of a mixture of compounds into its individual components

The purpose is to detect or quantitate a particular component to be assayed in a pure form

Chromatography has 2 phaseStationary Phase the material in the column for which the components to be separated having varying affinities

Mobile Phase comprised of solvents into which the sample is injected Referred to as ldquocarrier fluidrdquo due to the solvent and the sample flow through the column together

The stationary phase stays fixed in place while the

mobile phase moves the components of the

mixture through medium or column being used

Stationary phase acts as a constraint slowing

down the movement of some components in the

mobile phase

Different factors of a component affect the affinities

for the stationary phase which makes components

move faster or slower facilitating the separation of

the components in the mixture

The Column used in most application of chromatography It is were the actual separation takes place

Usually made of glass or metal tube of with enough strength to withstand the pressure that may be applied across it

The column contains the stationary phase

The mobile phase runs through the column and is absorbed onto the stationary phase

The column is either a packed bed or open tubular

(wwwwdictnetword Column+chromatography)

Feed injection into the mobile phase flows through the system by the action of a pump

Separation in the Column- sample flows through and the different components will absorb to the stationary phase to different degrees A strong attraction will move slower than components with a weak attraction This is how the separation occurs

Elution from Column- when sample is flusheddisplaced from stationary phase the different components will elute at different times Weak attraction will come out first while strongly attracted components will be last

Detection- the different components are collected as they come out of the column A detector analyzes the stream by measuring a property related to concentration and characteristics of chemical composition

web graphic (httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM4_Topic2la_16_07jpg )

Used to separate different particles in a solution for analyzing

Used in chemistry as a method of isolating certain particles for testing

Size exclusion Gel Chromatography

Used in environmental science food cosmetics forensic etc

(web graphic httpbrickertcnjedutechBIOL311chromatographyhtm )

Used to identify drugs

present in blood or

Thin Layer

Chromatography

urine

Used with

Athletes

Job applicants

People on probation

Web graphic httpwithfriendshipcomusersvarunathin-layer-chromatographyphp

ClickCopy link below

httpwwwseparationsustosohbiosciencecomServic

eSupportTechSupportResourceCenterPrinciplesofChr

omatographySizeExclusion

Carrier R (nd) Chromatography Retrieved from httpwwwrpiedudeptchem-engBiotech-EnvironCHROMOchromintrohtml

Chromatography (2013) Retrieved from httpsciencehowstuffworkscomchromatography-infohtm

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) (2008) In S Bell Facts on File Science Library Encyclopedia of Forensic Science Rev ed (pp 188-189) New York Facts on File Retrieved from httpgogalegroupcompsidoid=GALE7CCX3226900320ampv=21ampu=la32265ampit=rampp=GPSampsw=w

Testing athletes for drug uses (2013) Retrieved from httpentertainmenthowstuffworkscomathletic-drug-test8htm

Turgeon M L (2011) Linne amp ringsruds clinical laboratory science The basics and routine techniques (6 ed p 155) Mobsy publishing

(2013) World Book Inc Retrieved from httpwwwworldbookonlinecomplinfofinderarticleid=ar113900

Graphics

Chromatography [Web Graphic] Retrieved from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM4_Topic2la_16_07jpg

Column Chromatography [Web Graphic] Retrieved from wdictnetwordColumn chromatography

Size Exclusion Chromatography [Web Graphic] Retrieved from httpbrickertcnjedutechBIOL311chromatographyhtm

Thin Layer Chromatography [Web Graphic] Retrieved from httpwithfriendshipcomusersvarunathin-layer-chromatographyphp

Page 3: An introduction to_chromatography

The stationary phase stays fixed in place while the

mobile phase moves the components of the

mixture through medium or column being used

Stationary phase acts as a constraint slowing

down the movement of some components in the

mobile phase

Different factors of a component affect the affinities

for the stationary phase which makes components

move faster or slower facilitating the separation of

the components in the mixture

The Column used in most application of chromatography It is were the actual separation takes place

Usually made of glass or metal tube of with enough strength to withstand the pressure that may be applied across it

The column contains the stationary phase

The mobile phase runs through the column and is absorbed onto the stationary phase

The column is either a packed bed or open tubular

(wwwwdictnetword Column+chromatography)

Feed injection into the mobile phase flows through the system by the action of a pump

Separation in the Column- sample flows through and the different components will absorb to the stationary phase to different degrees A strong attraction will move slower than components with a weak attraction This is how the separation occurs

Elution from Column- when sample is flusheddisplaced from stationary phase the different components will elute at different times Weak attraction will come out first while strongly attracted components will be last

Detection- the different components are collected as they come out of the column A detector analyzes the stream by measuring a property related to concentration and characteristics of chemical composition

web graphic (httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM4_Topic2la_16_07jpg )

Used to separate different particles in a solution for analyzing

Used in chemistry as a method of isolating certain particles for testing

Size exclusion Gel Chromatography

Used in environmental science food cosmetics forensic etc

(web graphic httpbrickertcnjedutechBIOL311chromatographyhtm )

Used to identify drugs

present in blood or

Thin Layer

Chromatography

urine

Used with

Athletes

Job applicants

People on probation

Web graphic httpwithfriendshipcomusersvarunathin-layer-chromatographyphp

ClickCopy link below

httpwwwseparationsustosohbiosciencecomServic

eSupportTechSupportResourceCenterPrinciplesofChr

omatographySizeExclusion

Carrier R (nd) Chromatography Retrieved from httpwwwrpiedudeptchem-engBiotech-EnvironCHROMOchromintrohtml

Chromatography (2013) Retrieved from httpsciencehowstuffworkscomchromatography-infohtm

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) (2008) In S Bell Facts on File Science Library Encyclopedia of Forensic Science Rev ed (pp 188-189) New York Facts on File Retrieved from httpgogalegroupcompsidoid=GALE7CCX3226900320ampv=21ampu=la32265ampit=rampp=GPSampsw=w

Testing athletes for drug uses (2013) Retrieved from httpentertainmenthowstuffworkscomathletic-drug-test8htm

Turgeon M L (2011) Linne amp ringsruds clinical laboratory science The basics and routine techniques (6 ed p 155) Mobsy publishing

(2013) World Book Inc Retrieved from httpwwwworldbookonlinecomplinfofinderarticleid=ar113900

Graphics

Chromatography [Web Graphic] Retrieved from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM4_Topic2la_16_07jpg

Column Chromatography [Web Graphic] Retrieved from wdictnetwordColumn chromatography

Size Exclusion Chromatography [Web Graphic] Retrieved from httpbrickertcnjedutechBIOL311chromatographyhtm

Thin Layer Chromatography [Web Graphic] Retrieved from httpwithfriendshipcomusersvarunathin-layer-chromatographyphp

Page 4: An introduction to_chromatography

The Column used in most application of chromatography It is were the actual separation takes place

Usually made of glass or metal tube of with enough strength to withstand the pressure that may be applied across it

The column contains the stationary phase

The mobile phase runs through the column and is absorbed onto the stationary phase

The column is either a packed bed or open tubular

(wwwwdictnetword Column+chromatography)

Feed injection into the mobile phase flows through the system by the action of a pump

Separation in the Column- sample flows through and the different components will absorb to the stationary phase to different degrees A strong attraction will move slower than components with a weak attraction This is how the separation occurs

Elution from Column- when sample is flusheddisplaced from stationary phase the different components will elute at different times Weak attraction will come out first while strongly attracted components will be last

Detection- the different components are collected as they come out of the column A detector analyzes the stream by measuring a property related to concentration and characteristics of chemical composition

web graphic (httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM4_Topic2la_16_07jpg )

Used to separate different particles in a solution for analyzing

Used in chemistry as a method of isolating certain particles for testing

Size exclusion Gel Chromatography

Used in environmental science food cosmetics forensic etc

(web graphic httpbrickertcnjedutechBIOL311chromatographyhtm )

Used to identify drugs

present in blood or

Thin Layer

Chromatography

urine

Used with

Athletes

Job applicants

People on probation

Web graphic httpwithfriendshipcomusersvarunathin-layer-chromatographyphp

ClickCopy link below

httpwwwseparationsustosohbiosciencecomServic

eSupportTechSupportResourceCenterPrinciplesofChr

omatographySizeExclusion

Carrier R (nd) Chromatography Retrieved from httpwwwrpiedudeptchem-engBiotech-EnvironCHROMOchromintrohtml

Chromatography (2013) Retrieved from httpsciencehowstuffworkscomchromatography-infohtm

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) (2008) In S Bell Facts on File Science Library Encyclopedia of Forensic Science Rev ed (pp 188-189) New York Facts on File Retrieved from httpgogalegroupcompsidoid=GALE7CCX3226900320ampv=21ampu=la32265ampit=rampp=GPSampsw=w

Testing athletes for drug uses (2013) Retrieved from httpentertainmenthowstuffworkscomathletic-drug-test8htm

Turgeon M L (2011) Linne amp ringsruds clinical laboratory science The basics and routine techniques (6 ed p 155) Mobsy publishing

(2013) World Book Inc Retrieved from httpwwwworldbookonlinecomplinfofinderarticleid=ar113900

Graphics

Chromatography [Web Graphic] Retrieved from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM4_Topic2la_16_07jpg

Column Chromatography [Web Graphic] Retrieved from wdictnetwordColumn chromatography

Size Exclusion Chromatography [Web Graphic] Retrieved from httpbrickertcnjedutechBIOL311chromatographyhtm

Thin Layer Chromatography [Web Graphic] Retrieved from httpwithfriendshipcomusersvarunathin-layer-chromatographyphp

Page 5: An introduction to_chromatography

Feed injection into the mobile phase flows through the system by the action of a pump

Separation in the Column- sample flows through and the different components will absorb to the stationary phase to different degrees A strong attraction will move slower than components with a weak attraction This is how the separation occurs

Elution from Column- when sample is flusheddisplaced from stationary phase the different components will elute at different times Weak attraction will come out first while strongly attracted components will be last

Detection- the different components are collected as they come out of the column A detector analyzes the stream by measuring a property related to concentration and characteristics of chemical composition

web graphic (httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM4_Topic2la_16_07jpg )

Used to separate different particles in a solution for analyzing

Used in chemistry as a method of isolating certain particles for testing

Size exclusion Gel Chromatography

Used in environmental science food cosmetics forensic etc

(web graphic httpbrickertcnjedutechBIOL311chromatographyhtm )

Used to identify drugs

present in blood or

Thin Layer

Chromatography

urine

Used with

Athletes

Job applicants

People on probation

Web graphic httpwithfriendshipcomusersvarunathin-layer-chromatographyphp

ClickCopy link below

httpwwwseparationsustosohbiosciencecomServic

eSupportTechSupportResourceCenterPrinciplesofChr

omatographySizeExclusion

Carrier R (nd) Chromatography Retrieved from httpwwwrpiedudeptchem-engBiotech-EnvironCHROMOchromintrohtml

Chromatography (2013) Retrieved from httpsciencehowstuffworkscomchromatography-infohtm

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) (2008) In S Bell Facts on File Science Library Encyclopedia of Forensic Science Rev ed (pp 188-189) New York Facts on File Retrieved from httpgogalegroupcompsidoid=GALE7CCX3226900320ampv=21ampu=la32265ampit=rampp=GPSampsw=w

Testing athletes for drug uses (2013) Retrieved from httpentertainmenthowstuffworkscomathletic-drug-test8htm

Turgeon M L (2011) Linne amp ringsruds clinical laboratory science The basics and routine techniques (6 ed p 155) Mobsy publishing

(2013) World Book Inc Retrieved from httpwwwworldbookonlinecomplinfofinderarticleid=ar113900

Graphics

Chromatography [Web Graphic] Retrieved from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM4_Topic2la_16_07jpg

Column Chromatography [Web Graphic] Retrieved from wdictnetwordColumn chromatography

Size Exclusion Chromatography [Web Graphic] Retrieved from httpbrickertcnjedutechBIOL311chromatographyhtm

Thin Layer Chromatography [Web Graphic] Retrieved from httpwithfriendshipcomusersvarunathin-layer-chromatographyphp

Page 6: An introduction to_chromatography

web graphic (httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM4_Topic2la_16_07jpg )

Used to separate different particles in a solution for analyzing

Used in chemistry as a method of isolating certain particles for testing

Size exclusion Gel Chromatography

Used in environmental science food cosmetics forensic etc

(web graphic httpbrickertcnjedutechBIOL311chromatographyhtm )

Used to identify drugs

present in blood or

Thin Layer

Chromatography

urine

Used with

Athletes

Job applicants

People on probation

Web graphic httpwithfriendshipcomusersvarunathin-layer-chromatographyphp

ClickCopy link below

httpwwwseparationsustosohbiosciencecomServic

eSupportTechSupportResourceCenterPrinciplesofChr

omatographySizeExclusion

Carrier R (nd) Chromatography Retrieved from httpwwwrpiedudeptchem-engBiotech-EnvironCHROMOchromintrohtml

Chromatography (2013) Retrieved from httpsciencehowstuffworkscomchromatography-infohtm

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) (2008) In S Bell Facts on File Science Library Encyclopedia of Forensic Science Rev ed (pp 188-189) New York Facts on File Retrieved from httpgogalegroupcompsidoid=GALE7CCX3226900320ampv=21ampu=la32265ampit=rampp=GPSampsw=w

Testing athletes for drug uses (2013) Retrieved from httpentertainmenthowstuffworkscomathletic-drug-test8htm

Turgeon M L (2011) Linne amp ringsruds clinical laboratory science The basics and routine techniques (6 ed p 155) Mobsy publishing

(2013) World Book Inc Retrieved from httpwwwworldbookonlinecomplinfofinderarticleid=ar113900

Graphics

Chromatography [Web Graphic] Retrieved from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM4_Topic2la_16_07jpg

Column Chromatography [Web Graphic] Retrieved from wdictnetwordColumn chromatography

Size Exclusion Chromatography [Web Graphic] Retrieved from httpbrickertcnjedutechBIOL311chromatographyhtm

Thin Layer Chromatography [Web Graphic] Retrieved from httpwithfriendshipcomusersvarunathin-layer-chromatographyphp

Page 7: An introduction to_chromatography

Used to separate different particles in a solution for analyzing

Used in chemistry as a method of isolating certain particles for testing

Size exclusion Gel Chromatography

Used in environmental science food cosmetics forensic etc

(web graphic httpbrickertcnjedutechBIOL311chromatographyhtm )

Used to identify drugs

present in blood or

Thin Layer

Chromatography

urine

Used with

Athletes

Job applicants

People on probation

Web graphic httpwithfriendshipcomusersvarunathin-layer-chromatographyphp

ClickCopy link below

httpwwwseparationsustosohbiosciencecomServic

eSupportTechSupportResourceCenterPrinciplesofChr

omatographySizeExclusion

Carrier R (nd) Chromatography Retrieved from httpwwwrpiedudeptchem-engBiotech-EnvironCHROMOchromintrohtml

Chromatography (2013) Retrieved from httpsciencehowstuffworkscomchromatography-infohtm

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) (2008) In S Bell Facts on File Science Library Encyclopedia of Forensic Science Rev ed (pp 188-189) New York Facts on File Retrieved from httpgogalegroupcompsidoid=GALE7CCX3226900320ampv=21ampu=la32265ampit=rampp=GPSampsw=w

Testing athletes for drug uses (2013) Retrieved from httpentertainmenthowstuffworkscomathletic-drug-test8htm

Turgeon M L (2011) Linne amp ringsruds clinical laboratory science The basics and routine techniques (6 ed p 155) Mobsy publishing

(2013) World Book Inc Retrieved from httpwwwworldbookonlinecomplinfofinderarticleid=ar113900

Graphics

Chromatography [Web Graphic] Retrieved from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM4_Topic2la_16_07jpg

Column Chromatography [Web Graphic] Retrieved from wdictnetwordColumn chromatography

Size Exclusion Chromatography [Web Graphic] Retrieved from httpbrickertcnjedutechBIOL311chromatographyhtm

Thin Layer Chromatography [Web Graphic] Retrieved from httpwithfriendshipcomusersvarunathin-layer-chromatographyphp

Page 8: An introduction to_chromatography

Used to identify drugs

present in blood or

Thin Layer

Chromatography

urine

Used with

Athletes

Job applicants

People on probation

Web graphic httpwithfriendshipcomusersvarunathin-layer-chromatographyphp

ClickCopy link below

httpwwwseparationsustosohbiosciencecomServic

eSupportTechSupportResourceCenterPrinciplesofChr

omatographySizeExclusion

Carrier R (nd) Chromatography Retrieved from httpwwwrpiedudeptchem-engBiotech-EnvironCHROMOchromintrohtml

Chromatography (2013) Retrieved from httpsciencehowstuffworkscomchromatography-infohtm

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) (2008) In S Bell Facts on File Science Library Encyclopedia of Forensic Science Rev ed (pp 188-189) New York Facts on File Retrieved from httpgogalegroupcompsidoid=GALE7CCX3226900320ampv=21ampu=la32265ampit=rampp=GPSampsw=w

Testing athletes for drug uses (2013) Retrieved from httpentertainmenthowstuffworkscomathletic-drug-test8htm

Turgeon M L (2011) Linne amp ringsruds clinical laboratory science The basics and routine techniques (6 ed p 155) Mobsy publishing

(2013) World Book Inc Retrieved from httpwwwworldbookonlinecomplinfofinderarticleid=ar113900

Graphics

Chromatography [Web Graphic] Retrieved from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM4_Topic2la_16_07jpg

Column Chromatography [Web Graphic] Retrieved from wdictnetwordColumn chromatography

Size Exclusion Chromatography [Web Graphic] Retrieved from httpbrickertcnjedutechBIOL311chromatographyhtm

Thin Layer Chromatography [Web Graphic] Retrieved from httpwithfriendshipcomusersvarunathin-layer-chromatographyphp

Page 9: An introduction to_chromatography

ClickCopy link below

httpwwwseparationsustosohbiosciencecomServic

eSupportTechSupportResourceCenterPrinciplesofChr

omatographySizeExclusion

Carrier R (nd) Chromatography Retrieved from httpwwwrpiedudeptchem-engBiotech-EnvironCHROMOchromintrohtml

Chromatography (2013) Retrieved from httpsciencehowstuffworkscomchromatography-infohtm

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) (2008) In S Bell Facts on File Science Library Encyclopedia of Forensic Science Rev ed (pp 188-189) New York Facts on File Retrieved from httpgogalegroupcompsidoid=GALE7CCX3226900320ampv=21ampu=la32265ampit=rampp=GPSampsw=w

Testing athletes for drug uses (2013) Retrieved from httpentertainmenthowstuffworkscomathletic-drug-test8htm

Turgeon M L (2011) Linne amp ringsruds clinical laboratory science The basics and routine techniques (6 ed p 155) Mobsy publishing

(2013) World Book Inc Retrieved from httpwwwworldbookonlinecomplinfofinderarticleid=ar113900

Graphics

Chromatography [Web Graphic] Retrieved from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM4_Topic2la_16_07jpg

Column Chromatography [Web Graphic] Retrieved from wdictnetwordColumn chromatography

Size Exclusion Chromatography [Web Graphic] Retrieved from httpbrickertcnjedutechBIOL311chromatographyhtm

Thin Layer Chromatography [Web Graphic] Retrieved from httpwithfriendshipcomusersvarunathin-layer-chromatographyphp

Page 10: An introduction to_chromatography

Carrier R (nd) Chromatography Retrieved from httpwwwrpiedudeptchem-engBiotech-EnvironCHROMOchromintrohtml

Chromatography (2013) Retrieved from httpsciencehowstuffworkscomchromatography-infohtm

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) (2008) In S Bell Facts on File Science Library Encyclopedia of Forensic Science Rev ed (pp 188-189) New York Facts on File Retrieved from httpgogalegroupcompsidoid=GALE7CCX3226900320ampv=21ampu=la32265ampit=rampp=GPSampsw=w

Testing athletes for drug uses (2013) Retrieved from httpentertainmenthowstuffworkscomathletic-drug-test8htm

Turgeon M L (2011) Linne amp ringsruds clinical laboratory science The basics and routine techniques (6 ed p 155) Mobsy publishing

(2013) World Book Inc Retrieved from httpwwwworldbookonlinecomplinfofinderarticleid=ar113900

Graphics

Chromatography [Web Graphic] Retrieved from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM4_Topic2la_16_07jpg

Column Chromatography [Web Graphic] Retrieved from wdictnetwordColumn chromatography

Size Exclusion Chromatography [Web Graphic] Retrieved from httpbrickertcnjedutechBIOL311chromatographyhtm

Thin Layer Chromatography [Web Graphic] Retrieved from httpwithfriendshipcomusersvarunathin-layer-chromatographyphp