Sven Schlarb Austrian National Library

Elag 2013 Gent, Belgium, May 29, 2013

An open source infrastructure for preserving large collections of digital objects The SCAPE project at the Austrian National Library

• SCAPE project overview • Application areas at the Austrian National Library

• Web Archiving • Austrian Books Online

• SCAPE at the Austrian National Library • Hardware set-up • Open source software architecture

• Application Scenarios • Lessons learnt

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Overview

This work was partially supported by the SCAPE Project. The SCAPE project is co‐funded by the European Union under FP7 ICT‐2009.4.1 (Grant Agreement number 270137).

• Ability to process large and complex data sets in preservation scenarios

• Increasing amount of data in data centers and memory institutions

Motivation

This work was partially supported by the SCAPE Project. The SCAPE project is co‐funded by the European Union under FP7 ICT‐2009.4.1 (Grant Agreement number 270137).

Volume, Velocity, and Variety of data

1970 2000 2030

cf. Jisc (2012) Activity Data: Delivering benefits from the data deluge. available at http://www.jisc.ac.uk/publications/reports/2012/activity-data-delivering-benefits.aspx

• “Big data” is a buzzword, just a vague idea • No definitive GB, TB, PB, (…) threshold where data

becomes “big data”, depends on the institutional context

• Massive growth of data to be stored and processed • Situation where solutions that are usually employed do

not fulfill new scalability requirements • Pushing the limit of conventional data base solutions • Simple batch processing becomes tedious or even impossible

„Big Data“ in a Library context?

This work was partially supported by the SCAPE Project. The SCAPE project is co‐funded by the European Union under FP7 ICT‐2009.4.1 (Grant Agreement number 270137).

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• EU-funded FP7 project, lead by Austrian Institute of Technology

• Consortium: 16 Partners • National Libraries • Data Centers and Memory

Institutions • Research institutes and

Universities • Commercial partners

• Started 2011, runs until mid/end-2014

SCAPE Consortium

This work was partially supported by the SCAPE Project. The SCAPE project is co‐funded by the European Union under FP7 ICT‐2009.4.1 (Grant Agreement number 270137).

Testbeds •Data sets •Integration •Evaluation

Preservation Components •Quality Assurance

•Scalable Components •Automation-ready Tools

Planning and Watch •Institutional Policies •Technical Watch

•Automated Planning

Takeup •Stakeholders and Communities

•Dissemination •Training Activities •Sustainability

SCAPE Project Overview

Platform •Automation •Workflows

•Parallelization •Virtualization

Sort

Shuffle

Merge

Input data

Input split 1

Record 1

Record 2

Record 3

Input split 2

Record 4

Record 5

Record 6

Input split 3

Record 7

Record 8

Record 9

MapReduce/Hadoop in a nutshell

7 This work was partially supported by the SCAPE Project. The SCAPE project is co‐funded by the European Union under FP7 ICT‐2009.4.1 (Grant Agreement number 270137).

Task1

Map Reduce

Task 2

Task 3

Output data

Aggregated Result

Aggregated Result

Experimental Cluster Job Tracker Task Trackers

Data Nodes

Name Node

CPU: 1 x 2.53GHz Quadcore CPU (8 HyperThreading cores) RAM: 16GB DISK: 2 x 1TB DISKs configured as RAID0 (performance) – 2 TB effective • Of 16 HT cores: 5 for Map; 2 for Reduce; 1 for operating system. 25 processing cores for Map tasks and 10 cores for Reduce tasks

CPU: 2 x 2.40GHz Quadcore CPU (16 HyperThreading cores) RAM: 24GB DISK: 3 x 1TB DISKs configured as RAID5 (redundancy) – 2 TB effective

• Access via REST API • Workflow engine for complex

jobs • Hive as the frontend for

analytic queries • MapReduce/Pig for

Extraction, Transform, and Load (ETL)

• „Small“ objects in HDFS or HBase

• „Large “ Digital objects stored on NetApp Filer

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Platform Architecture

This work was partially supported by the SCAPE Project. The SCAPE project is co‐funded by the European Union under FP7 ICT‐2009.4.1 (Grant Agreement number 270137).

Digital Objects Storage

hOCR/Text/METS/(W)ARC in HDFS

MapReduce

Hive (SQL) Pig (ETL) HBase

Taverna Workflow engine

REST API

• Web Archiving • Scenario 1: Web Archive Mime Type Identification

• Austrian Books Online • Scenario 2: Image File Format Migration • Scenario 3: Comparison of Book Derivatives • Scenario 4: MapReduce in Digitised Book Quality Assurance

Application scenarios

• Physical storage 19 TB • Raw data 32 TB • Number of objects

1.241.650.566

• Domain harvesting • Entire top-level-domain

.at every 2 years

• Selective harvesting • Important websites that

change regularly

• Event harvesting • Special occasions and

events (e.g. elections)

Key Data Web Archiving

(W)ARC Container

JPG

GIF

HTM

HTM

MID

(W)ARC InputFormat (W)ARC RecordReader

based on HERITRIX

Web crawler read/write (W)ARC

MapReduce

JPG Apache Tika detect MIME

Map Reduce

image/jpg

image/jpg 1 image/gif 1 text/html 2 audio/midi 1

Scenario 1: Web Archive Mime Type Identification

Tool integration pattern Throughput (GB/min) TIKA detector API call in Map phase 6,17 GB/min FILE called as command line tool from map/reduce 1,70 GB/min TIKA JAR command line tool called from map/reduce 0,01 GB/min

Amount of data Number of ARC files Throughput (GB/min) 1 GB 10 x 100 MB 1,57 GB/min 2 GB 20 x 100 MB 2,5 GB/min 10 GB 100 x 100 MB 3,06 GB/min 20 GB 200 x 100 MB 3,40 GB/min 100 GB 1000 x 100 MB 3,71 GB/min

TIKA 1.0 DROID 6.01

Scenario 1: Web Archive Mime Type Identification

• Public private partnership with Google • Only public domain • Objective to scan ~ 600.000 Volumes

• ~ 200 Mio. pages

• ~ 70 project team members • 20+ in core team

• ~ 130K physical volumes scanned so far • ~ 40 Mio pages

Key Data Austrian Books Online

Digitisation Download & Storage

Quality Control Access

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ADOCO (Austrian Books Online Download & Control)

This work was partially supported by the SCAPE Project. The SCAPE project is co‐funded by the European Union under FP7 ICT‐2009.4.1 (Grant Agreement number 270137).

https://confluence.ucop.edu/display/Curation/PairTree

Google Public Private Partnership

ADOCO

• Task: Image file format migration • TIFF to JPEG2000 migration

• Objective: Reduce storage costs by reducing the size of the images

• JPEG2000 to TIFF migration • Objective: Mitigation of the JPEG2000 file

format obsolescense risk

• Challenges: • Integrating validation, migration, and

quality assurance • Computing intensive quality

assurance

Scenario 2: Image file format migration

• Task: Compare different versions of the same book • Images have been manipulated (cropped, rotated) and stored

in different locations • Images come from different scanning sources or were subject

to different modification procedures

• Challenges: • Computing intensive (Average runtime per book on a single

quad-core server ~ 4,5 hours) • 130.000 books, ~320 pages each

• SCAPE tool: Matchbox

Scenario 2: Comparison of book derivatives

• ETL Processing of 60.000 books, ~ 24 Million pages • Using Taverna‘s „Tool service“ (remote ssh execution) • Orchestration of different types of hadoop jobs

• Hadoop-Streaming-API • Hadoop Map/Reduce • Hive

• Workflow available on myExperiment: http://www.myexperiment.org/workflows/3105

• See Blogpost: http://www.openplanetsfoundation.org/blogs/2012-08-07-big-data-processing-chaining-hadoop-jobs-using-taverna

Scenario 3: MapReduce in Quality Assurance

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• Create input text files containing file paths (JP2 & HTML)

• Read image metadata using Exiftool (Hadoop Streaming API)

• Create sequence file containing all HTML files

• Calculate average block width using MapReduce

• Load data in Hive tables • Execute SQL test query

Scenario 3: MapReduce in Quality Assurance

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find

/NAS/Z119585409/00000001.jp2 /NAS/Z119585409/00000002.jp2 /NAS/Z119585409/00000003.jp2 … /NAS/Z117655409/00000001.jp2 /NAS/Z117655409/00000002.jp2 /NAS/Z117655409/00000003.jp2 … /NAS/Z119585987/00000001.jp2 /NAS/Z119585987/00000002.jp2 /NAS/Z119585987/00000003.jp2 … /NAS/Z119584539/00000001.jp2 /NAS/Z119584539/00000002.jp2 /NAS/Z119584539/00000003.jp2 … /NAS/Z119599879/00000001.jp2l /NAS/Z119589879/00000002.jp2 /NAS/Z119589879/00000003.jp2 ...

...

NAS

reading files from NAS

1,4 GB 1,2 GB

60.000 books (24 Million pages): ~ 5 h + ~ 38 h = ~ 43 h

Jp2PathCreator HadoopStreamingExiftoolRead

Z119585409/00000001 2345 Z119585409/00000002 2340 Z119585409/00000003 2543 … Z117655409/00000001 2300 Z117655409/00000002 2300 Z117655409/00000003 2345 … Z119585987/00000001 2300 Z119585987/00000002 2340 Z119585987/00000003 2432 … Z119584539/00000001 5205 Z119584539/00000002 2310 Z119584539/00000003 2134 … Z119599879/00000001 2312 Z119589879/00000002 2300 Z119589879/00000003 2300 ...

Reading image metadata

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find

/NAS/Z119585409/00000707.html /NAS/Z119585409/00000708.html /NAS/Z119585409/00000709.html … /NAS/Z138682341/00000707.html /NAS/Z138682341/00000708.html /NAS/Z138682341/00000709.html … /NAS/Z178791257/00000707.html /NAS/Z178791257/00000708.html /NAS/Z178791257/00000709.html … /NAS/Z967985409/00000707.html /NAS/Z967985409/00000708.html /NAS/Z967985409/00000709.html … /NAS/Z196545409/00000707.html /NAS/Z196545409/00000708.html /NAS/Z196545409/00000709.html ...

Z119585409/00000707

Z119585409/00000708

Z119585409/00000709

Z119585409/00000710

Z119585409/00000711

Z119585409/00000712

NAS

reading files from NAS

1,4 GB 997 GB (uncompressed)

60.000 books (24 Million pages): ~ 5 h + ~ 24 h = ~ 29 h

HtmlPathCreator SequenceFileCreator

SequenceFile creation

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Z119585409/00000001

Z119585409/00000002

Z119585409/00000003

Z119585409/00000004

Z119585409/00000005 ...

Z119585409/00000001 2100 Z119585409/00000001 2200 Z119585409/00000001 2300 Z119585409/00000001 2400

Z119585409/00000002 2100 Z119585409/00000002 2200 Z119585409/00000002 2300 Z119585409/00000002 2400

Z119585409/00000003 2100 Z119585409/00000003 2200 Z119585409/00000003 2300 Z119585409/00000003 2400

Z119585409/00000004 2100 Z119585409/00000004 2200 Z119585409/00000004 2300 Z119585409/00000004 2400

Z119585409/00000005 2100 Z119585409/00000005 2200 Z119585409/00000005 2300 Z119585409/00000005 2400

Z119585409/00000001 2250 Z119585409/00000002 2250 Z119585409/00000003 2250 Z119585409/00000004 2250 Z119585409/00000005 2250

Map Reduce HadoopAvBlockWidthMapReduce

SequenceFile Textfile

Calculate average block width using MapReduce

60.000 books (24 Million pages): ~ 6 h

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HiveLoadExifData & HiveLoadHocrData

jid jwidth Z119585409/00000001 2250

Z119585409/00000002 2150

Z119585409/00000003 2125

Z119585409/00000004 2125

Z119585409/00000005 2250

hid hwidth Z119585409/00000001 1870

Z119585409/00000002 2100

Z119585409/00000003 2015

Z119585409/00000004 1350

Z119585409/00000005 1700

htmlwidth

jp2width

Z119585409/00000001 1870 Z119585409/00000002 2100 Z119585409/00000003 2015 Z119585409/00000004 1350 Z119585409/00000005 1700

Z119585409/00000001 2250 Z119585409/00000002 2150 Z119585409/00000003 2125 Z119585409/00000004 2125 Z119585409/00000005 2250

CREATE TABLE jp2width (hid STRING, jwidth INT)

CREATE TABLE htmlwidth (hid STRING, hwidth INT)

Analytic Queries

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HiveSelect

jid jwidth Z119585409/00000001 2250

Z119585409/00000002 2150

Z119585409/00000003 2125

Z119585409/00000004 2125

Z119585409/00000005 2250

hid hwidth Z119585409/00000001 1870

Z119585409/00000002 2100

Z119585409/00000003 2015

Z119585409/00000004 1350

Z119585409/00000005 1700

htmlwidth jp2width

jid jwidth hwidth Z119585409/00000001 2250 1870

Z119585409/00000002 2150 2100

Z119585409/00000003 2125 2015

Z119585409/00000004 2125 1350

Z119585409/00000005 2250 1700

select jid, jwidth, hwidth from jp2width inner join htmlwidth on jid = hid

Analytic Queries

• Emergence of new options for creating large-scale storage and processing infrastructures • HDFS as storage master or staging area? • Create a local cluster or rent a cloud infrastructure?

• Apache Hadoop offers a stable core for building a large scale processing platform that is ready to be used in production

• Important to select carefully additional components from the Apache Hadoop Ecosystem (HBase, Hive, Pig, Oozie, Yarn, Ambari, etc.) that fit your needs

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Lessons learnt

This work was partially supported by the SCAPE Project. The SCAPE project is co‐funded by the European Union under FP7 ICT‐2009.4.1 (Grant Agreement number 270137).

Further information • Project website: www.scape-project.eu • Github repository: www.github.com/openplanets • Project Wiki: www.wiki.opf-labs.org/display/SP/Home SCAPE tools mentioned • SCAPE Platform

• http://www.scape-project.eu/publication/an-architectural-overview-of-the-scape-preservation-platform

• Jpylyzer – Jpeg2000 validation • http://www.openplanetsfoundation.org/software/jpylyzer

• Matchbox – Image comparison • https://github.com/openplanets/scape/tree/master/pc-qa-matchbox

Thank you! Questions?