an overview of a fast food indutry.blackbook

8/10/2019 An Overview of a Fast Food Indutry.blackbook

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ABSTRACT

Fast foodis the term given to food that is prepared and servedvery quickly, first popularized in the 1950s in the United States. While

any meal with low preparation time can be considered fast food, typicallythe term refers to food sold in arestaurant or store with preheated orprecooked ingredients, and served to the customer in a packaged formfortake-out/take-away.Fast food restaurants are traditionally separatedby their ability to serve food via a drive-through. The term "fast food" wasrecognized in a dictionary byMerriamWebster in 1951.

Outlets may be stands orkiosks,which may provide no shelter orseating orfast food restaurants (also known as quick servicerestaurants).Franchise operations that are part ofrestaurant

chains have standardized foodstuffs shipped to each restaurant fromcentral locations.

The fast food industry, also known as Quick Service Restaurants(QSR), has been serving up tasty morsels for as long as people havelived in cities. The modern system of fast food franchising is believed tohave started in the mid 1930s when Howard Johnson franchised hissecond location to a friend as a means to expand operations during theGreat Depression. And oh how it has grown! As cars becamecommonplace, the drive-thru concept brought explosive growth to the

idea of food-on-the go. Fast Food was added to the Merrion-Websterdictionary in 1951 and U.S. fast food companies are now franchised inover 100 countries. In the U.S. alone there are over 200,000 restaurantlocations! Revenue has grown from $6 billion in 1970 to $160 billion lastyear, an 8.6% annualized rate.

Fast food franchises focus on high volume, low cost and highspeed product. Frequently food is preheated or precooked and servedto-go, though many locations also offer seating for on-site consumption.For stands, kiosks or sit-down locations, food is standardized andshipped from central locations. Consumers enjoy being able to get afamiliar meal in each location, and menus and marketing are the same inevery location.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restauranthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take-outhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merriam%E2%80%93Websterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merriam%E2%80%93Websterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merriam%E2%80%93Websterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kioskhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_food_restauranthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franchisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_storehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_storehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_storehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_storehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franchisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_food_restauranthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kioskhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merriam%E2%80%93Websterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take-outhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restaurant


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LITERATURE REVIEW


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LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

I came to the conclusion that there is a lack of fast food facilities in the

YARI ROAD area. I came to the conclusion that:

Research is necessary to determine if Claras College students would

patronize a fast food chain in YARI ROAD.


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SOURCES OF DATA COLLECTIONS

PRIMARY DATA COLLECTIONS

Primary data are first hand information. This information is collected directly

from the source by means of field studies. Primary data are original and are like

raw materials. It is the crudest form of information. The investigator himself

collects primary data or supervises its collection. It may be collected on a

sample or census basis or from case studies.

Questionnaire

SECONDARY DATA COLLECTIONS

Secondary data are the Second hand information data; the data which have

already been collected and processed by some agency or persons and are not

used for the first time are termed as secondary data.

In the secondary data we refer differentResearch paper, Journals and books from the websites,Wikipedia.

In this research we use both the data collection method


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INTRODUCTION

Fast foodis the term given to food that can be prepared and served very

quickly, first popularized in the 1950s in the United States. While any meal with

low preparation time can be considered to be fast food, typically the term refers

to food sold in arestaurant or store with preheated or precooked ingredients,

and served to the customer in a packaged form fortake-out/take-away.Fast food

restaurants are traditionally separated by their ability to serve food via a drive-

through. The term "fast food" was recognized in a dictionary byMerriam

Webster in 1951.

Outlets may be stands orkiosks, which may provide no shelter or

seating, orfast food restaurants (also known as quick service restaurants).

Franchise operations which are part ofrestaurant chains have standardized

foodstuffs shipped to each restaurant from central locations.

The concept of ready-cooked food for sale is closely connected with urban

development. InAncient Rome,cities had street stands that sold bread, sausagesand wine.

In the cities of Roman antiquity, much of the urban population living

ininsulae,multi-story apartment blocks, depended on food vendors for much of

their meals. In the mornings, bread soaked in wine was eaten as a quick snack

and cooked vegetables and stews later inpopina, a simple type of eating

establishment. In theMiddle Ages, large towns and major urban areas such

asLondon andParis supported numerous vendors that sold dishes such

aspies,pasties,flans,waffles,wafers,pancakes and cooked meats. As in

Roman cities during antiquity, many of these establishments catered to those

who did not have means to cook their own food, particularly single households.

Unlike richer town dwellers, many often could not afford housing with kitchen
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restauranthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take-outhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merriam%E2%80%93Websterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merriam%E2%80%93Websterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merriam%E2%80%93Websterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kioskhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_food_restauranthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franchisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_storehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Romehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Ageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastiehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Custard_tarthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafflehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waferhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waferhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafflehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Custard_tarthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastiehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Ageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Romehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_storehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franchisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_food_restauranthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kioskhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merriam%E2%80%93Websterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merriam%E2%80%93Websterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take-outhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restaurant


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facilities and thus relied on fast food. Travellers, as well, such as pilgrims en

route to aholy site,were among the customers.

In areas which had access tocoastal or tidal waters, 'fast food' would

frequently include localshellfish orseafood, such asoysters or, as in

London,eels.Often this seafood would be cooked directly on thequay or close

by. The development oftrawler fishing in the mid nineteenth century would

lead to the development of aBritish favouritefish and chips,and the first shop

in 1860. Ablue plaque atOldham's Tommyfield Market marks the origin of the

fish and chip shop and fast food industries in Britain.

British fast food had considerable regional variation. Sometimes the

regionality of dish became part of the culture of its respective area, examples

include among other thecornish pasty andDeep-fried Mars bar The content of

fast food pies has varied, withpoultry (such aschickens)orwildfowl commonly

being used. AfterWorld War II,turkey has been used more frequently in fast

food.

As well as its native cuisine, the UK has adopted fast food from other

cultures, such aspizza,kebab,andcurry.More recently healthier alternatives to

conventional fast food have also emerged.

Asautomobilesbecame popular and more affordable following World War

I, drive-in restaurants were introduced. The American companyWhite Castle,

founded by Billy Ingram and Walter Anderson inWichita,Kansas in 1921, isgenerally credited with opening the second fast food outlet and first

hamburger chain, selling hamburgers for five cents each. Walter Anderson had

built the first White Castle restaurant in Wichita in 1916, introducing the

limitedmenu,high volume, low cost, high speed hamburger restaurant. Among

its innovations, the company allowed customers to see the food being prepared.

White Castle was successful from its inception and spawned numerouscompetitors.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilgrimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shellfishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seafoodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oysterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eel_(food)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_trawlerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_and_chipshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_and_chips#Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oldhamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornish_pastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep-fried_Mars_barhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poultryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chickenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatidaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey_(bird)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizzahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drive-throughhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Castle_(restaurant)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wichita,_Kansashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburgerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburgerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wichita,_Kansashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Castle_(restaurant)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drive-throughhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizzahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey_(bird)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatidaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chickenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poultryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep-fried_Mars_barhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornish_pastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oldhamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_and_chips#Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_and_chipshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_trawlerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eel_(food)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oysterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seafoodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shellfishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilgrim


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Franchising was introduced in 1921 byA&W Root Beer,which franchised

its distinctive syrup.Howard Johnson's first franchised the restaurant concept in

the mid-1930s, formally standardizing menus,signage and advertising.

Curb service was introduced in the late 1920s and was mobilized in the

1940s whencarhops strapped onroller skates.

TheUnited States has the largest fast food industry in the world, and

American fast food restaurants are located in over 100 countries. Approximately

4.1 million U.S. workers are employed in the areas of food preparation and

food servicing including fast food in the USA.

Fast food outlets are take-away or take-out providers, often with a "drive-

through" service which allows customers to order and pick up food from their

cars, but most also have indoor and/or outdoor seating areas in which the

customers can eat the food on-site.

Nearly from its inception, fast food has been designed to be eaten "on the

go", often does not require traditionalcutlery, and is eaten as a finger food.Common menu items at fast food outlets include fish and chips,

sandwiches,pitas,hamburgers,fried chicken, french fries, onion rings,chicken

nuggets,tacos, pizza, hot dogs, andice cream, though many fast food

restaurants offer "slower" foods likechili,mashed potatoes,andsalads.

Manypetrol/gas stations haveconvenience stores which sell pre-

packaged sandwiches,doughnuts,and hot food. Many gas stations in the United

States and Europe also sellfrozen foods and havemicrowaves on the premises

in which to prepare them.

Traditional street food is available around the world, usually from small

operators and independentvendors operating from a cart, table, portable grill or

motor vehicle. Common examples includeVietnamese noodle vendors, Middle

Eastern falafel stands, New York Cityhot dog carts,andtaco trucks.Turo-Turo
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Fast food continued to be highly fragmented with no single player

accounting for a double digit share in 2011. Of all, McDonalds led the fast food

category with a value share of less than 2%, followed closely by KFC. Further,

Baskin-Robbins and Swirls remained front runners in ice cream fast food.

Additionally, players such as Taco Bell have started to slowly carve out a niche

in India with American fast food offerings. Asian fast food remained dominated

by independents but chained players like Yo! China, Mainland China, and The

Street Foods of India, gained huge popularity among consumers.

Over the forecast period, fast food in India is expected to experience

positive growth in value terms, as operators are likely to continue investing in

various campaigns to strengthen their brands. Companies are also likely to

introduce new food offerings to suit the tastes of different consumers.

Additionally, the new growth is likely to come from Tier II and Tier III cities

where major fast food players are likely to expand aggressively.

The concept of fast food pops up during 1920s.The 1950s first witnessed

their rapid proliferation.

Several factors that contributed to this explosive growth in 50s were:

(1) Americas love affair with the automobiles.

(2) The construction of a major new highway system.

(3) The development of sub-urban communities.

Fast-food chains initially catered to automobile owners in suburbia.

Ancient Rome cities had street stands that sold bread and wine.

A fixture of East Asian cities is the noodle shop.


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Flatbread and falafel(like Indian Vada Paav) are today ever-present in the

Middle East.

Popular Indian fast food dishes include vada pav, panipuri and dahi vada.

In 2006, the global fast food market grew by 4.8% and reached a value of

102.4 billion.

In India alone the fast food industry is growing by 40% a year.

Major Fast Food giants include Mc Donalds, Subway, Pizza Hut, Taco

bell.

Common menu items at fast food outlets include

fish and chips, sandwiches, pitas, Hamburgers, fried chicken, French fries,

chicken nuggets, Tacos, Pizza, Hot dogs, and Ice cream.

Fast foodis the term given to food that can be prepared and served very

quickly, first popularized in the 1950s in the United States. While any meal with

low preparation time can be considered to be fast food, typically the term refers

to food sold in arestaurant or store with preheated or precooked ingredients,

and served to the customer in a packaged form fortake-out/take-away.Fast food

restaurants are traditionally separated by their ability to serve food via a drive-

through. The term "fast food" was recognized in a dictionary byMerriam

Webster in 1951.

Outlets may be stands orkiosks, which may provide no shelter or

seating, orfast food restaurants (also known as quick service

restaurants).Franchise operations which are part ofrestaurant chains have

standardized foodstuffs shipped to each restaurant from central locations.

The concept of ready-cooked food for sale is closely connected with

urban development. InAncient Rome,cities had street stands that sold bread,

sausages and wine.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restauranthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take-outhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merriam%E2%80%93Websterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merriam%E2%80%93Websterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merriam%E2%80%93Websterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kioskhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_food_restauranthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franchisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_storehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Romehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Romehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_storehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franchisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_food_restauranthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kioskhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merriam%E2%80%93Websterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merriam%E2%80%93Websterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take-outhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restaurant


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Modern commercial fast food is often highly processed and prepared in

an industrial fashion, i.e., on a large scale with standard ingredients and

standardized cooking and production methods. It is usually rapidly served in

cartons or bags or in a plastic wrapping, in a fashion which minimizes cost. In

most fast food operations, menu items are generally made fromprocessed

ingredientsprepared at a central supply facility and then shipped to individual

outlets where they are reheated, cooked (usually by microwave ordeep frying)

or assembled in a short amount of time. This process ensures a consistent level

of product quality, and is key to being able to deliver the order quickly to the

customer and eliminate labor and equipment costs in the individual stores.

Because of commercial emphasis on speed, uniformity and low cost, fast

food products are often made with ingredients formulated to achieve a certain

flavor or consistency and to preserve freshness.

Arguably, the first fast food restaurants originated in theUnited

States withA&W in 1919 andWhite Castle in 1921.[2]

Today, American-

founded fast food chains such asMcDonald's andKFC aremultinational

corporations with outlets across the globe.

Variations on the fast food restaurant concept includefast casual

restaurants andcatering trucks.Fast casual restaurants have higher sit-in ratios,

and customers can sit and have their orders brought to them. Catering trucks

often park just outside worksites and are popular with factory workers.

Over time, fast food restaurants have been growing rapidly, especially in

urban neighborhoods. According to US research, low-income and

predominantly African-American neighborhoods have greater exposure to fast

food outlets than higher income and predominantly white areas. This has put

into question whether urbanized neighborhoods were targeted, which causes an

unhealthier group of people compared to people from a higher socioeconomic
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_fryinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%26W_Restaurantshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Castle_(restaurant)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_food_restaurant#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_food_restaurant#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_food_restaurant#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonald%27shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KFChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multinational_corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multinational_corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_casual_restauranthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_casual_restauranthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_cateringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_cateringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_casual_restauranthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_casual_restauranthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multinational_corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multinational_corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KFChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonald%27shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_food_restaurant#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Castle_(restaurant)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%26W_Restaurantshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_fryinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_processing


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status. It has also been shown that there is a lower chance of finding a fast food

restaurant in a suburban neighborhood.

The project of Fast food chain is to attract the children.

Special activities would be included to create a differentiation among the

big brands.

There would also be some items for youngsters coming with children.

Thus the main aim is to cater the needs of the market and to provide a

classic fast food chain.


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PROCEDURE TO PUT UP A FAST FOOD CORNER

DECIDE ON A RESTAURANT CONCEPT

The first step in opening a new restaurant is deciding whattype of

restaurant it is going to be. Are you looking at opening a high-endfine

dining restaurant? A casual diner? Do you have a specific type of cuisine

you plan to serve, such as Italian, French or Indian? Perhaps you want to

specialize in one area, like a microbrewery and pub. Before you move onto

step two you first need to define what kind of restaurant you want to open.

SELECT A RESTAURANT LOCATION

Location, location, location. It can make or break a restaurant. Before you

run and sign a lease for your restaurant location, do your homework. Is

therestaurant location in a busy area, with plenty of foot traffic? If not, is

there enough parking? Have ten other restaurants come and gone in the

same spot? (warning bells should be loud and clear, if that is the case.)

CHOOSE A RESTAURANT NAME

Probably the most fun step in opening a new restaurant. Select arestaurant

name that means something. It can be a reflection of your theme or

location. i.e. An Italian restaurant called Giovannis or it can be called after

the owner, such asPaula DeensSavannah Restaurant, The Lady & Sons.

WRITE A RESTAURANT BUSINESS PLAN

There are two important reasons you need a restaurant business plan. 1. It

helps you see big fat problems in your restaurant plan, like not a big

enoughpopulation base or a bad location. And 2. No bank in their right

mind will finance you without one.

FIND FINANCING
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This is the step that stops most people from actually opening their own

restaurant. Financing. Although it is increasingly harder to get financing for

a restaurant, it is not impossible. Between banks, small business agencies

and private investors, financing is possible. But you need toshow up to

your interviewprepared and professional, showing potential investors that

you know what you are doing.

APPLY FOR LICENSES AND PERMITS

Many licenses and permits take several weeks, even months to be

approved. So as soon as you know you are good to go with your financing,

you should start filling the paperwork.Common licenses and permits for

restaurants, regardless of state includeliquor licenses, sign permits and

workers compensation.

DESIGN THE RESTAURANT

A large empty space quickly fills up when you start adding commercial

kitchens, walk-in refrigerators, a bar, rest rooms and waiting area.

Thedesign of a restaurant should be a balance between aesthetics and

seating capacity, always keeping practicality in mind.

WRITE A RESTAURANT MENU

Awell-written restaurant menu should be both descriptive easy to read and

have a clear, uncluttered layout. Afew things to avoid on a restaurant

menu include clip art and too many disclaimers.

STOCK YOU RESTAURANT

Once you have your restaurant design down, you can start

purchasing commercial kitchen equipment and furniture for your dining

room and other areas in the front of the house. To save money,

considerbuying used equipment, as well as leasing certain items.
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Commercial equipment with theEnergy Star logo can cost more at first, but

usually pay for themselves in as little as one year.

HIRE RESTAURANT STAFF

As you get closer to opening day you need to begin hiring for both the

kitchen and floor.Kitchen staff, wait staff andbartenders are all integral

parts of any restaurant, and you want to hire the perfect person for each

position.

GET THE WORD OUT ABOUT YOUR NEW RESTAURANT

Advertising is a must for most new restaurants. Supplement traditionaladvertising, such as newspapers and radio ads, with new media. Dont

overlook thepower of a good website for your restaurant. Usesocial

media sites, like Twitter, MySpace and FaceBook, to spread the word about

your new place.

WHAT YOU NEED WHILE BUILDING UP A RESTAURANT

Patience

Perseverance

High Threshold for Stress

A Sense of Humor
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HISTORY OF FASTFOOD INDUSTRY

MAJOR PLAYERS

McDonald's Corporation

McDonald's first filed for a U.S. trademark on the name "McDonald's" on May

4, 1961, with the description "Drive-In Restaurant Services", which continues to

be renewed through the end of December 2009

Domino's Pizza

Domino's Pizza Is an Americanrestaurant chain and

internationalfranchisepizza delivery corporation headquartered at the Domino

Farms Office Park (the campus being owned by Domino's Pizza co-

founderTom Monaghan)inAnn Arbor Charter Township, Michigan,United

States, nearAnn Arbor, Michigan.Founded in 1960, Domino's is the second-

largest pizza chain in the United States (afterPizza Hut)and the largest

worldwide, with more than 10,000 corporate andfranchised stores in 70

countries. Domino's Pizza was sold toBain Capital in 1998 and went public in

2004.

.
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MCDONALD'S CORPORATION

HISTORY OF McDONALDS

The business began in 1940, with arestaurant opened by

brothersRichard and Maurice McDonald at 1398 North E Street at West 14th

Street inSan Bernardino, California (at34.1255N 117.2946W). Their

introduction of the "Speedee Service System" in 1948 furthered the principles of

the modernfast-food restaurant that theWhite Castle hamburger chain had

already put into practice more than two decades earlier. The original mascot of

McDonald's was a man with a chef's hat on top of a hamburger shaped head

whose name was "Speedee". Speedee was eventually replaced withRonald

McDonaldby 1967 when the company first filed a U.S. trademark on a clown

shaped man having puffed out costume legs.

McDonald's first filed for a U.S. trademark on the name "McDonald's" on

May 4, 1961, with the description "Drive-In Restaurant Services", which

continues to be renewed through the end of December 2009. In the same year,

on September 13, 1961, the company filed a logo trademark on an overlapping,

double arched "M" symbol. The overlapping double arched "M" symbol logo

was temporarily disfavoredby September 6, 1962, when a trademark was filed

for a single arch, shaped over many of the early McDonald's restaurants in the

early years. Although the "Golden Arches" appeared in various forms, the

present form as a letter "M" did not appear until November 18, 1968, when the

company applied for a U.S. trademark. The present corporation dates its

founding to the opening of afranchised restaurant byRay Kroc,inDes Plaines,

Illinois,on April 15, 1955, the ninth McDonald's restaurant overall. 1965. Kroc

was also noted for aggressive business practices, compelling the McDonald

brothers to leave the fast food industry.
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HEADQUATERS

The McDonald's headquarters complex, McDonald's Plaza, is located

inOak Brook, Illinois.It sits on the site of the former headquarters and stabling

area of Paul Butler, the founder of Oak Brook. McDonald's moved into the Oak

Brook facility from an office within theChicago Loop in 1971.

FACTS AND FIGURES

McDonald's restaurants are found in 118 countries and territories around

the world and serve 68 million customers each day. McDonald's operates over

34,000 restaurants worldwide, employing more than 1.7 million people. The

company also operates other restaurantbrands,such as Piles Caf.

Focusing on its core brand, McDonald's begandivesting itself of other

chains it had acquired during the 1990s. The company owned a majority stake

inChipotle Mexican Grill until October 2006, when McDonald's fully divested

from Chipotle through a stock exchange.[14][15]Until December 2003, it also

ownedDonatos Pizza. On August 27, 2007, McDonald's soldBoston

Market toSun Capital Partners.

Notably, McDonald's has increased shareholder dividends for 25

consecutive years, making it one of theS&P 500 Dividend Aristocrats.In

October 2012, its monthly sales fell for the first time in nine years
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TYPES OF FAST FOOD JOINTS

Most standalone McDonald's restaurants offer bothcounter service anddrive-

through service, with indoor and sometimes outdoor seating. Drive-Thru, Auto-Mac, Pay and Drive, or "McDrive" as it is known in many countries, often has

separate stations for placing, paying for, and picking up orders, though the latter

two steps are frequently combined; it was first introduced in Arizona in 1975,

following the lead of other fast-food chains. The first such restaurant in Britain

opened atFallowfield,Manchester in 1986.

In some countries, "McDrive" locations nearhighways offer no counter

service or seating. In contrast, locations in high-density city neighborhoods

often omit drive-through service. There are also a few locations, located mostly

in downtown districts, that offer Walk-Thru service in place of Drive-Thru.

To accommodate the current trend for high quality coffee and the

popularity of coffee shops in general, McDonald's introducedMcCaf, acaf-

style accompaniment to McDonald's restaurants in the style ofStarbucks.

McCaf is a concept created by McDonald's Australia, starting with Melbourne

in 1993. Today, most McDonald's in Australia have McCafs located within the

existing McDonald's restaurant. InTasmania,there are McCafs in every store,

with the rest of the states quickly following suit. After upgrading to the new

McCaf look and feel, some Australian stores have noticed up to a 60% increase

in sales. As of the end of 2003 there were over 600 McCafs worldwide. Some

locations are connected togas stations/convenience stores,while others

called McExpresshave limited seating and/or menu or may be located in

ashopping mall.Other McDonald's are located inWalmart stores. McStopis a

location targeted at truckers and travelers which may have services found

attruck stops.Since 1997, in addition to many inIsrael,one kosher McDonald's

is located in theAbasto mall,inBuenos Aires,Argentina.
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Playgrounds

Some McDonald's in suburban areas and certain cities feature large indoor or

outdoor playgrounds.The first Play Place with the familiar crawl-tube design

with ball pits and slides was introduced in 1987 in the USA, with many more

being constructed soon after. Some Play Place playgrounds have been renovated

into "R Gym" areas.

CHARITY DONE BY McDONALDS

McHappy Day

McHappy Day is an annual event at McDonald's, where a percentage of the

day's sales go tocharity.It is the signature fundraising event forRonald

McDonald House Charities.[37]

In 2007, it was celebrated in 17

countries:Argentina,Australia,Austria,Brazil,Canada,theUnited

States,Finland,France,Guatemala,Hungary,England,Ireland,New

Zealand,Norway,Sweden,Switzerland andUruguay.

According to the Australian McHappy Day web site, McHappy Day raised

$20.4 million in 2009. The goal for 2010 was $20.8 million.[38]

McDonald's Monopoly donation to St. Jude

In 1995,St. Jude Children's Research Hospital received an anonymous letter

postmarked in Dallas, Texas, containing a $1 million winning McDonald's

Monopoly game piece. McDonald's officials came to the hospital, accompanied

by a representative from the accounting firm Arthur Andersen, who examined

the card under a jeweler's eyepiece, handled it with plastic gloves, and verified

it as a winner.[39]

Although game rules prohibited the transfer of prizes,

McDonald's waived the rule and has made the annual $50,000 annuity

payments, even after learning that the piece was sent by an individual involved

in an embezzlement scheme intended to defraud McDonalds.
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BUSINESS MODEL

McDonald's Corporation earns revenue as an investor in properties, a

franchiser of restaurants, and an operator of restaurants. Approximately 15% of

McDonald's restaurants are owned and operated by McDonald's Corporation

directly. The remainder are operated by others through a variety of franchise

agreements and joint ventures.

The McDonald's Corporation'sbusiness model is slightly different from

that of most other fast-food chains. In addition to ordinaryfranchise fees and

marketing fees, which are calculated as a percentage of sales, McDonald's may

also collectrent, which may also be calculated on the basis of sales. As a

condition of many franchise agreements, which vary by contract, age, country,

and location, the Corporation may own or lease the properties on which

McDonald's franchises are located. In most, if not all cases, the franchisee does

not own the location of its restaurants.

The United Kingdom and Ireland business model is different than the

U.S, in that fewer than 30% of restaurants are franchised, with the majority

under the ownership of the company. McDonald's trains its franchisees and

others atHamburger University inOak Brook,Illinois.

McDONALDS ADVERTISING STRATEGY

McDonald's maintains an extensive advertising campaign. In addition to

the usual media including television, radio, and newspaper ads, the companymakes significant use of billboards and signage, sponsors sporting events

ranging fromLittle League to theOlympic Games,and makes coolers of orange

drink with their logo available for local events of all kinds. However, television

ads remain the primary form of advertisement.
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McDonald's has used 23 different slogans to advertise in theUnited

States,as well as a few other slogans for select countries and regions. At times,

it has run into trouble with its campaigns.

i'm lovin' itis an internationalbranding campaign byMcDonald's

Corporation. It was created by Heye & Partner, McDonald's agency based

inUnterhaching,Germany,near Munich, and a member of the DDB Worldwide

Communications Group, Inc. It was the company's first globaladvertising

campaign and was launched inMunich,Germany on September 2, 2003, under

the German title ich liebe es. This is only used in Germany; in Austria,

Switzerland, and Liechtenstein, the English slogan is used. The English part of

the campaign was launched in Australia on September 21, 2003, the UK on

September 17, 2003, and in the USA on September 29, 2003 with the music of

Tom Batoy and Franco Tortora (Mona Davis Music) and vocals byJustin

Timberlake,in which the slogan appears. The motion logo at the time (featuring

the "M" zooming out and shining and the "i'm lovin' it" (in different languages,

usually in English) zooming to the "M", leaving a trail) was produced by

usingAdobe After Effects andAdobe InDesign. Also, by September 3, 2003,

McDonald's selected more than 30 people to appear in new packaging for

McDonald's products, starting with a photoshoot taking place from September

3, 2003 until November 2003. They unveiled new "i'm lovin' it"themed

packaging on December 8, 2003 and rolled it out worldwide throughout 2004

with the final delivery date being November 20, 2004. In January 2007, after a

publiccasting call which received 15,000 submissions,McDonald's selected 24

people to appear as part of the campaign. Images of those chosen, taken from

September to December 2006, who had submitted a story and digital

photograph which "captured ... themes of inspiration, passion and fun,"

appeared on McDonald's paper bags and cups worldwide.
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DOMINOS PIZZA

HISTORY OF DOMINOS PIZZA

In 1960, Tom Monaghan and his brother, James, purchased DomiNick's,

a small pizza store inYpsilanti, Michigan, nearEastern Michigan

University.[6]The deal was secured by a $75 down payment and the brothers

borrowed $500 to pay for the store.[7]

Eight months later, James traded his half

of the business to Tom for a usedVolkswagen Beetle.[7]

In 1965, Monaghan

renamed the business Domino's Pizza, Inc. In 1967, the first Domino's Pizzafranchise store opened in Ypsilanti.[7]The company logo was originally planned

to add a new dot with the addition of every new store, but this idea quickly

faded, as Domino's experienced rapid growth. The three dots represent the

stores that were open in 1969. Reflecting Domino's growth, the company had

expanded to 200 stores by 1978. In 1975, Domino's faced a lawsuit byAmstar

Corporation,the maker of Domino Sugar, alleging trademark infringement and

unfair competition. On May 2, 1980, a federal appeals court found in favor of

Domino's Pizza.

In 1998, after 38 years of ownership, Domino's Pizza founder Tom

Monaghan announced his retirement, sold 93 percent of the company to Bain

Capital, Inc. for about $1 billion, and ceased being involved in day-to-day

operations of the company.

[15]

A year later, the company namedDavid A.Brandon CEO.

Domino's management is led by J. Patrick Doyle, CEO from March 2010,

formerly president of Domino's USA. Previous chief executiveDavid Brandon,

made the athletic director of theUniversity of Michigan in January 2010,

remains chairman.[49]

Among 11 executive vice presidents are Michael Lawton,

CFO; Steve Akinboro, Team USA; Scott Hinshaw, Franchise Operations and
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Domino's sponsoredCART'sDoug Shierson Racing,which was driven byArie

Luyendyk and won the1990 Indianapolis 500. In 2003, Domino's teamed up

with NASCAR for a multi-year partnership to become the "Official Pizza of

NASCAR."[54]Domino's also sponsoredMichael Waltrip Racing and

driverDavid Reutimann during the 2007 season in the NASCAR Sprint Cup

Series.

Charitable activities BY DOMINOS PIZZAS

In 2001, Domino's launched a two-year national partnership with theMake-A-

Wish Foundation of America. That same year, company stores inNew York

City andWashington D.C.provided more than 12,000 pizzas to relief workers

following theSeptember 11 attacks on theWorld Trade Center andThe

Pentagon. Through a matching funds program, the corporation donated

$350,000 to theAmerican Red Cross'disaster relief effort.[9]

In 2004, Domino's

began a partnership withSt. Jude Children's Research Hospital,participating in

the hospital's "Thanks and Giving" campaign since the campaign began in 2004,

and raising more than $1.3 million in 2006
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VARIANTS IN THE TASTE CUISINE AND VARIETY OF DISHES IN

THE FAST FOOD INDUSTRY

CHINA

Chinese takeaways/takeout restaurants are particularly popular. They

normally offer a wide variety ofAsian food (not always Chinese), which has

normally been fried. Most options are some form of noodles, rice,ormeat. In

some cases, the food is presented as asmrgsbord,sometimesself service.The

customer chooses the size of the container they wish to buy, and then is free tofill it with their choice of food. It is common to combine several options in one

container, and some outlets charge by weight rather than by item. Many of these

restaurants offer free delivery for purchases over a minimum amount.

JAPAN

Sushi has seen rapidly rising popularity in recent time. A form of fast food

created inJapan (wherebentis the Japanese equivalent of fast food), sushi is

normally cold sticky rice flavored with a sweetrice vinegar and served with

some topping (oftenfish), or, as in the most popular kind in the West, rolled

innori (driedlaver) with filling. The filling often includes fish, chicken

orcucumber.
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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Pizza is a common fast food category in the United States, with chains such

asPapa John's,Domino's Pizza,Sbarro andPizza Hut.Menus are more limited

and standardized than in traditional pizzerias, andpizza delivery is offered

MIDDLE EAST COUNTRIES

Kebab houses are a form of fast food restaurant from the Middle East,

especiallyTurkey andLebanon.Meat is shaven from arotisserie,and is served

on a warmed flatbread with salad and a choice of sauce and dressing.

Thesedoner kebabs orshawarmas are distinct fromshish kebabs served on

sticks. Kebab shops are also found throughout the world,

especiallyEurope,New Zealand andAustraliabut they generally are less

common in the US.

NEW ZEALAND, UNITED KINGDOMS, AUSTRALIA

Fish and chip shops are a form of fast food popular in the United Kingdom,

Australia and New Zealand. Fish is battered and then deep fried.

NETHERLANDS

TheDutch have their own types of fast food. A Dutch fast food meal often

consists of a portion of french fries (called friet or patat) with a sauce and a

meat product. The most common sauce to accompany french fries is fritessaus.

It is a sweet, vinegary and low fatmayonnaise substitute, that the Dutch

nevertheless still call "mayonnaise". When ordering it is very often abbreviated

to (literally "with"). Other popular sauces areketchup or spiced ketchup

("curry"), Indonesian stylepeanut sauce ("satsaus" or "pindasaus") orpiccalilli.
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Sometimes the fries are served with combinations of sauces, most

famously (special): mayonnaise, with (spiced) ketchup and choppedonions;

and (literally "war"): mayonnaise and peanut sauce (sometimes also with

ketchup and chopped onions). The meat product is usually a deep fried snack;

this includes thefrikandel (a deep fried skinlessminced meatsausage), and

thekroket (deep fried meatragout covered inbreadcrumbs).

SPAIN AND PORTUGAL

In Portugal, there are some varieties of local fast-food and restaurantsspecialized in this type of local cuisine. Some of the most popular foods

includefrango assado (Piri-piri grilled chicken previously

marinated),francesinha,francesinha poveira,espetada (turkey or pork meat on

two sticks) andbifanas(pork cutlets in a specific sauce served as a sandwich).

This type of food is also often served with french fries (called batatas fritas),

some international chains started appearing specialized in some of the typical

Portuguese fast food such asNando's.

INDIA, SRI LANKA, INDONESIA, BANGLADESH, PAKISTAN

A fixture ofEast Asian cities is thenoodle shop.Flatbread andfalafel are today

ubiquitous in theMiddle East. PopularIndian fast food dishes include vada

pav,panipuri anddahi vada. In the French-speaking nations ofWest

Africa,roadside stands in and around the larger cities continue to sellas they

have done for generationsa range of ready-to-eat, char-grilled meat sticks

known locally asbrochettes (not to be confused with the breadsnackof the same

name found inEurope).
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FAST FOOD ADVERTISING

Fast food advertising is thepromotion offast foodproducts and ventures

through a variety ofmedia.

Fast food is among one the most heavily advertised sectors of the United

States economy, along with automobiles, insurance, retail outlets, and consumer

electronics. A 2013Ad Agecompilation of the 25 largest advertisers in the

United States rankedMcDonald's as the fourth-largest advertiser (spending

US$957,000,000 on measurable advertisements in 2012) andSubway at

nineteenth (US$516,000,000)

CAMPAIGN INTENTIONS

Advertising campaigns for fast food restaurants have changed in their intent

over time. Many modern campaigns stress the availability of healthy options

after years of criticism for the harmful effects of a fast food diet. The rise in

awareness of healthy eating andobesityhas negatively impacted the business of

these establishments, and their marketing campaigns have attempted to rectify

this.

TARGET AUDIENCESome fast food restaurants aim their advertising at children and

students.McDonald'sHappy Meals are one example, which includes a toy often

tied in with a newly-released children's film.Ronald McDonald,first introduced

in 1963, is aclown-likeadvertising mascot designed to appeal to young

children. From 1996,Disney was an exclusive partner with McDonald's, linking

their products together. They announced the end of this deal in May 2006, with
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some reports saying that Disney was worried aboutchildhood

obesity.McDonald's has since been in talks with rival animation studios.

Chains likeCarl's Jr. andBurger King (see Burger King advertising) have

directed advertising towards a different demographic young teenage and

college-age men with trendy, often sexualised, imagery and messages that

target men's supposed desire for large, meat-filled burgers and rich, satisfying

food. In 2005, for example, Carls' Jr. debuted a controversial ad featuring a

bikini-cladParis Hilton writhing sensuously on an expensiveBentley luxury car

while enjoying a large burger. The ad provoked outrage from a number of

groups, but Carl's Jr. sales climbed impressive
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METHODS OF ADVERTISING

Common methods of advertising include:

Television commercial campaigns

Print media campaigns

Billboard campaigns

EventSponsorship (sporting events and others)

Product placement infilms andtelevision programmes

Various forms ofbranding,including clothing

Direction signs and posters, telling people how far the restaurant is

In February 2005 McDonald's used aviral marketing campaign duringSuper

Bowl XXXIX - theLincoln Fry.TwoPizza Hut marketing ploys haveinvolved

spaceflight.In 2001 they were the first to deliver pizzas to outer space when

theirvacuum-sealed food arrived at theInternational Space Station,just a year

after agreeing a deal to have a 30-foot Pizza Hut logo placed on the side of an

unmannedrocket.

According to research done by the Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity at

Yale, $4.2 billion was spent in 2009 by fast food industries in advertising

through media. The report also showed an increase in television ads exposure to

adolescents and teens in recent years. They reported a 21% increase for

preschoolers, 34% increase for children, and 39% increase for teens since 2003.

While fast food advertising has made an attempt to promote healthy food

choices for children, less than 40% of the ads children view are actually

promoting kids meals.

The most recent form of fast food advertising that is still in its early stages of

development is advertising through smart phone devices. Several restaurants

have created applications that allow customers to make online orders through

their smart phones.
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SPONSORSHIPS AND PROMOTIONS

Sport

Several international fast food companies havesponsored sporting events,

teams and leagues. McDonald's is one of the largest sponsors, having

affiliations with theNHL,Olympic Games,and theFIFA World Cup.Several

companies, including McDonald's, Burger King and Pizza Hut, have a history of

sponsoringNASCAR teams.

Television

Some fast food companies sponsor television programmes.Domino's

Pizza have sponsoredSky One's screenings ofThe Simpsons in the UK for

many years (But reported because of new regulation on advertising that the deal

may end). In 2005 Pizza Hut sponsored the same programme when it was

shown onChannel 4the Sky/Domino's deal continued.
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REGULATIONS CONCERNING FAST FOOD

One of the main areas of regulation facing fast food companies is the

advertising of "junk food" to children. In theUnited Kingdom, the Children's

Food Bill is intended to highly regulate the advertising of such food aimed at

children, and many other countries are looking to introduce strict limitations on

fast food advertising. Talks between theFood Standards Agency (FSA) and the

fast food companies were initiated to work together in an effort to improve

children's diets, thoughBurger King withdrew from the discussions.

Some organizations have called for thewatershed to apply to various

unhealthy food, including fast food. In June 2006, the FSA called for laws to

prevent such food from being advertised on television before 9pm. They also

called for the disassociation of television and film characters from fast food and

stoppingcelebrities from appearing in such advertisements. The impact of such

campaigns is often denied by the fast food companies and the television

networks that carry their advertisements. Some networks have also said that

tighter regulations would reduce advertising income and that would have a

negative impact on the quality of children's programming. InSweden all

advertising aimed at the under-12s is banned, including fast food adverts.

Faced with stricter TV, radio and print regulation, many fast food companies

have started making use ofInternet advertising to reach their customers.The

accuracy of the images of food used by the fast food companies is regularly

called into question. The actual product is often described as being of poorer

quality to that represented in the image, as highlighted inAlphaila.com's Ads

vs. Reality project.

On 3 June 2004KFC withdrewAmerican television commercials claiming that

"fried chicken can, in fact, be part of a healthy diet" after reaching a settlement

with theFederal Trade Commission.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junk_foodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_Standards_Agencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burger_Kinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watershed_(television)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celebrityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_marketinghttp://www.alphaila.com/articles/failure/fast-food-false-advertising-vs-reality/http://www.alphaila.com/articles/failure/fast-food-false-advertising-vs-reality/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KFChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KFChttp://www.alphaila.com/articles/failure/fast-food-false-advertising-vs-reality/http://www.alphaila.com/articles/failure/fast-food-false-advertising-vs-reality/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celebrityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watershed_(television)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burger_Kinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_Standards_Agencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junk_food


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Fast food advertising is often complained about to advertising authorities,

with members of the public most usually claiming that the wording is misleading.

Not all the complaints are upheld. For example, between 11 September 2002 and

24 March 2004 theAdvertising Standards Authority (ASA) in the UK investigated

complaints about six McDonald's advertisements, with two of them being upheld.

The ASA used one of the upheld complaints as a case study.

In 2006 theEuropean Unionpassed a new law regarding the labelling of

foods - any food with anutritional claim (such as "low fat") must also highlight

that it is high in something else (such as "high salt") if that is the case. While

fast food is often not given a traditional label, this may have an impact on

advertising.

In November 2006, the Office of Communications (Ofcom)announced

that it would ban television advertisements for junk food before, during and

after television programming aimed at under-16s in the United Kingdom. These

regulations were originally outlined in a proposal earlier in the year. This move

has been criticized on both ends of the scale; while the Food and Drink

Federationlabelled the ban "over the top", others have said the restrictions do

not go far enough (particularly due to the fact that soap operas would be exempt

from the ban). On 1 April 2007, junk food advertisements were banned from

programmes aimed at four to nine-year-olds. Such advertisements broadcast

during programmes "aimed at, or which would appeal to," ten to fifteen-year-

olds will continue to be phased out over the coming months, with a full ban

coming into effect on 1 January 2009. InMalaysia,fast food advertising during

children's programmes was outlawed in 2007. However, it did not stop the fast

food companies from advertising their products. Since the ban, McDonald's no

longer advertise Happy Meal on other media except in their restaurants and fast

food advertising is mainly broadcast during prime-time (in Malaysia, prime

time starts from 8:30 pm to 12:00 am).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising_Standards_Authority_(United_Kingdom)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutritionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ofcomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_and_Drink_Federationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_and_Drink_Federationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soap_operashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soap_operashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_and_Drink_Federationhttp://en.wikipedi

an overview of a fast food indutry.blackbook

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