AN OVERVIEW OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGYDr. Adly Kh. Al-Saafin Engg. / Env. Geology KFUPM-Dhahran

Quartz Pyroxene Clay

Minerals Rocks Soils Dunes Sabkhas

Site Investigation

Plate Tectonic

Rock Cycle Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic Rocks Faults Folds Domes

Weathering Physiographic Features

Tunnels Roads Railroads Building

Earthquake Volcano flood Engg./Env. Projects

Water Table Groundwater Foundation Rock / Soil. Characterization

Engineering Geology & Engg./Environmental Applications

Engineering Geology & Engg./Environmental Applications

Engineering Geology & Engg./Environmental Applications

Engineering Geology & Engg./Environmental Applications

Engineering Geology & Engineering Applications

Engineering Geology & Core Logging

OUTLINEWHAT IS ENGINEERING GEOLOGY? HISTORY OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY. ENGINEERING GEOLOGY & OTHER SCIENCES. STAGES OF AN ENGINEERING PROJECT WAYS OF THINKING

TYPICAL SPECIALIZATIONS!WHY ENGINEERING GEOLOGY? ENGINEERING GEOLOGIST RESPONSIBILITIES. WHAT WILL COURSE? YOU LEARN BY THE END OF THIS

ASPECTS OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGYENGINEERING GEOLOGIST FUNCTION

WHAT IS ENGINEERING GEOLOGY?Engineering geology is the application of geological knowledge to the siting, planning, and construction of the engineering works. Engineering geology is a hybrid science mainly consists of two majors: Geology and Engineering.

Geology & Civil EngineeringGEOLOGY: is defined as the science dealing with physical nature, history of earth, the rock of which it is composed, and the changes which it has undergone or is undergoing.GEOLOGIST builds his conclusions on observations and intuitive reasoning.

ENGINEERING: is a science concerned with putting scientific knowledge to practical uses.ENGINEER measures properties and applies mathematical relationships to reach his conclusion

Engineering GeologyENGINEERING GEOLOGY has attempted to fill the philosophical gap in the evaluation of geological phenomenon and defining the geological environment for the purpose of engineering works.ENGINEERING GEOLOGOST: is a scientist who applies the geological knowledge to engineering practice. (e.g. assuring that the geologic factors affecting the location, design, construction operation, and maintenance of engineering works are recognized and adequately provided for).

HISTORY OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGYIn 1903, Charles Brky had introduced the first Engineering Geology course in Columbia University. In the 1940s, engineering geologic activities have been utilized by public agency (USGS, USBR) in many projects. 1950 - 1970s; Many workers in the US and UK were defined as the principle foundation of Engineering Geology, and tried to introduce engineering geology as a well recognized and acceptable science in many universities. 1972/1973; Field and responsibilities of Geologist, Civil Engineer and Engineering Geologist has been defined (California State Board ofRegistration for Geologists and Geophysics, US and Engineering Geological Group Party, UK).

1970 - present, Engineering Geology stands as a well-defined science and served in several engineering & environmental works.

Development of Geosciences

ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND OTHER PERTINENT SCIENCESROCK ENGINEERING SOIL ENGINEERING APPLIED HYDROGEOLOGY

GEOLOGIC PROCESSES

ENGINEERIG GEOLOGY

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

APPLIED GEOMORPHOLOGY

GEOCHEMISTRY ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICS

STAGES OF ENGINEERING PROJECTEngineering Geologist Civil Engineer SITE SELECTION STAGE

DESIGNING STAGE

CONSTRUCTION STAGE

MAINTENANCE OF ENG. WORKS

WAYS OF THINKING !

ENGINEER GEOLOGIST Empirical, rule of thumb, intuitive, qualitative. Answers from experience.

Engineering Geologist

Geotechnical Engineer

Geological Engineer

Precise, specific analysis, rigorous calculations, quantitative. Answers from theory.

After W. Shehat, 2003

Typical Specializations !GEOLOGY ENGINEERING

Theoretical

Ways of solving problems

Empirical

Typical Engineering Geologist

Areas of knowledge

Typical Geotechnical Engineer

Typical Geological Engineer

After W. Shehat, 2003

WHY ENGINEERING GEOLOGY?Engineering geology becomes more important by time because the available building sites become less ideal as time goes on.. In most cities and towns, the best building sites were used long ago. Notice how old buildings have sites within possible flooding zone, within active (inactive) EQ, Volcanic zones, above water table.. Recently, new projects require more careful geologic study and better design because of problems like poor foundation materials, high water tables, and poor drainage. Notice: you are in the eastern and western parts of Saudi Arabia, how many new houses are being built on reclaimed wetlands and streams or on jointed rocky areas.

Most of these sites require some foundation preparation.

PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGIST1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.7. 8.SELECTION OF SUITABLE PROJECTS. SITES FOR ENGINEERING DESCRIBTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GEOLOGIC ENVIRONMENT PERTINENT TO THE ENGINEERING PROJECT (SOIL, ROCK, WATER CONDITIONS). DEFINE OF NATURAL HAZARDS EVENTS THAT MAY AFFECTING THE ENGINEERING PROJECT. FORECAST OF THE FUTURE EVENTS THAT COULD THREAT THE ENGINEERING STRUCTURES. RECOMMENDATION OF WAYS TO HANDLE VAROUS EARTH MATERIALS AND PROCESSES. INSPECTION CONDITIONS. DURING CONSTRUCTION AND TREAT

TO

CONFIRM

DIRECTION AND COORDINATION OF TEAM EFFORTS MAKING JUDGMENTS ON ECONOMY & SAFTEY.

Sources of Engineering Geological Information Geological Survey Environmental Protection Agency Association of Engineering Geologists Consultant Firms Universities & Research Institutes

WHAT WILL YOU LEARN BY THE END OF THIS COURSE?Fundamentals of geology and mechanics Engineering geologic characteristics of earth materials (soil & rock) that are influencing the performance of engineering works Impacts of natural hazards on engineering works Site investigation procedure Computer-aided in engineering geological applications. Case studies showing Role of engineering geologic knowledge on siting of engineering and environmental works

Aspects of Engineering GeologyAspect 1: Aspect 2: Aspect 3: Aspect 4: Aspect 5: Aspect 6: Aspect 7: Fundamentals of Geology Rock Mechanics Fundamentals Characterization of Earth Materials Rock Mass Classification Site Investigation Instrumentation Geohazards Evaluation & Mitigation

Engineering Geologist Function

Portrait of an Engineering Geologist looking back at Geologic Processes and forward to Engineering Products. (After IAEG & AGI)