Government of Madhya PradeshUrban Development & Environment Department

An Overview ofINCLUSIVE URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN

INDIA(with special reference to the State of Madhya Pradesh)

An Overview ofINCLUSIVE URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN

INDIA(with special reference to the State of Madhya Pradesh)

Jakarta,October 2,2014

Happy Birth AnniversaryOctober 2,1869

Demographic profile of India :Census-2011

Total population : 1,210,193,422Rural : 833,087,662Urban : 377,105,760

Percentage of urban Population : 31.16

States : 35

Districts : 640

Number of Urban Agglomerations / : 7,935

Towns and out growth

Total population : 1,210,193,422Rural : 833,087,662Urban : 377,105,760

Percentage of urban Population : 31.16

States : 35

Districts : 640

Number of Urban Agglomerations / : 7,935

Towns and out growth

S.no.

Type of towns Number of townsCensus 2011 Census

20011 Statutory towns 4,041 3,7992 Census Towns 3,894 1,3623 Urban agglomerations 475 3844 Out growths 981 962

Total population : 72,597,565

Total urban population : 20,059,666Percentage of urban : 26.63

population in statePercentage in total urban : 5.3

population of IndiaTotal no. of ULBs : 377

Municipal Corporations : 14Municipal Councils : 100Nagar Parishads : 263

Total Slum population : 5,688,993

Percentage of Slum population : 28.34%Notified slums : 1,900,942Recognized slums : 2,530,637Identified slums : 1,257,414

Projected slum population : 7,200,000in MP by 2017

Urban Profile of Madhya Pradesh(Census 2011)Total population : 72,597,565

Total urban population : 20,059,666Percentage of urban : 26.63

population in statePercentage in total urban : 5.3

population of IndiaTotal no. of ULBs : 377

Municipal Corporations : 14Municipal Councils : 100Nagar Parishads : 263

Total Slum population : 5,688,993

Percentage of Slum population : 28.34%Notified slums : 1,900,942Recognized slums : 2,530,637Identified slums : 1,257,414

Projected slum population : 7,200,000in MP by 2017

What is a slum : The Indian Context Section-3 of the Slum Area Improvement and Clearance Act,1956,slums have been defined as mainly those residential areas where dwellings arein any respect unfit for human habitation by reasons of dilapidation,overcrowding, faulty arrangements anddesigns of such buildings, narrowness or faulty arrangement of streets, lack ofventilation, light, sanitation facilities or any combination of these factors which aredetrimental to safety, health and morals.

As per UN Habitat a slum is characterized by lack of durable housing,insufficient living area, lack of access to clean water, inadequate sanitationand insecure tenure.

The Pranob Sen committee, set up by the Union government, has comeout with a new definition for slums and has projected 93.06 million people living inslums by 2011, up by over 18 million in the last 10 years.

The committee has defined a slum as "a compact settlement of at least20 households with a collection of poorly built tenements, mostly of temporarynature, crowded together usually with inadequate sanitary and drinking waterfacilities in unhygienic conditions".

Section-3 of the Slum Area Improvement and Clearance Act,1956,slums have been defined as mainly those residential areas where dwellings arein any respect unfit for human habitation by reasons of dilapidation,overcrowding, faulty arrangements anddesigns of such buildings, narrowness or faulty arrangement of streets, lack ofventilation, light, sanitation facilities or any combination of these factors which aredetrimental to safety, health and morals.

As per UN Habitat a slum is characterized by lack of durable housing,insufficient living area, lack of access to clean water, inadequate sanitationand insecure tenure.

The Pranob Sen committee, set up by the Union government, has comeout with a new definition for slums and has projected 93.06 million people living inslums by 2011, up by over 18 million in the last 10 years.

The committee has defined a slum as "a compact settlement of at least20 households with a collection of poorly built tenements, mostly of temporarynature, crowded together usually with inadequate sanitary and drinking waterfacilities in unhygienic conditions".

Census of INDIA 2011 Definition andtypes of slums

Three types of slums have been defined in Census-2011, namely,

Notified, Recognized and Identified.

(i) All notified areas in a town or city notified as ‘Slum’ by State, Union territoriesAdministration or Local Government under any Act including a ‘Slum Act’ may beconsidered as Notified slums

(ii) All areas recognized as ‘Slum’ by State, Union territories Administration orLocal Government, Housing and Slum Boards, which may have not beenformally notified as slum under any act may be considered as Recognizedslums

(iii) Identified Slums are the compact areas of at least 300 population or about60-70 households of poorly built congested tenements, in unhygienicenvironment usually with inadequate infrastructure and lacking in proper sanitaryand drinking water facilities.

Three types of slums have been defined in Census-2011, namely,

Notified, Recognized and Identified.

(i) All notified areas in a town or city notified as ‘Slum’ by State, Union territoriesAdministration or Local Government under any Act including a ‘Slum Act’ may beconsidered as Notified slums

(ii) All areas recognized as ‘Slum’ by State, Union territories Administration orLocal Government, Housing and Slum Boards, which may have not beenformally notified as slum under any act may be considered as Recognizedslums

(iii) Identified Slums are the compact areas of at least 300 population or about60-70 households of poorly built congested tenements, in unhygienicenvironment usually with inadequate infrastructure and lacking in proper sanitaryand drinking water facilities.

Government of India’s Programs & Policiesaddressing the poor and slum dwellers

Nehru Rozgar yojna...................................................... (1989-1997)

Swarn Jayanti Shahri Rojgar Yojna............................... (1997-2013)

National Slum Development Program............................ (1997-2005) Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission.......(2005-2014)

(Sub-mission:Basic Services for the Urban Poor-BSUP) Integrated Housing and slum Development Program......(2005-2014)

Housing and Habitat policy ,2007

Interest Subsidy scheme for housing for urban poor.......(2009)

Policy for Street Vendors , 2012

Rajiv Awas Yojana........................................................... (2009)

Affordable housing in partnership................................... (2009)

National Urban livelihood Mission....................................(2013)

Nehru Rozgar yojna...................................................... (1989-1997)

Swarn Jayanti Shahri Rojgar Yojna............................... (1997-2013)

National Slum Development Program............................ (1997-2005) Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission.......(2005-2014)

(Sub-mission:Basic Services for the Urban Poor-BSUP) Integrated Housing and slum Development Program......(2005-2014)

Housing and Habitat policy ,2007

Interest Subsidy scheme for housing for urban poor.......(2009)

Policy for Street Vendors , 2012

Rajiv Awas Yojana........................................................... (2009)

Affordable housing in partnership................................... (2009)

National Urban livelihood Mission....................................(2013)

Integrated approach of Government of IndiaThe JnNURM guidelines envisage implementation of following Pro-poor reformsfor the States to qualify for assistance under the Mission:

Internal earmarking within local body budgets for basic services to theurban poor;

Provision of basic services to the urban poor(7 point charter) includes-

security of tenure at affordable prices, improved housing, water supply, sanitation ,and ensuring delivery of already existing universal services of the

government for education, health and social security; and

Earmarking at least 20 to 25 percent of developed land in all housingprojects (by both Public and Private Agencies) for Economically WeakerSections/Low Income Groups category with a system of cross-subsidization

The JnNURM guidelines envisage implementation of following Pro-poor reformsfor the States to qualify for assistance under the Mission:

Internal earmarking within local body budgets for basic services to theurban poor;

Provision of basic services to the urban poor(7 point charter) includes-

security of tenure at affordable prices, improved housing, water supply, sanitation ,and ensuring delivery of already existing universal services of the

government for education, health and social security; and

Earmarking at least 20 to 25 percent of developed land in all housingprojects (by both Public and Private Agencies) for Economically WeakerSections/Low Income Groups category with a system of cross-subsidization

Government of Madhya Pradesh Programs & Policies

Besides implementation of Government of India's Programs , the Government of

Madhya Pradesh has introduced following schemes for welfare of Urban Poor in

the State sector:-

1. Allotment of Leasehold Rights to landless Urban Dwellers

2. Earmarking the Land for EWS/LIG housing

3. Welfare Schemes for -

Cycle Rickshaw and Hand cart pullers

Street Vendors

Domestic Maid Servants

Social Security Scheme for Urban Poor

Integrated Entrepreneurship Development Scheme for Poor

4. Target for construction of 5 Lakh dwelling units for slum dwellers by 2018

5. Implementation of the Pro-poor reforms

Besides implementation of Government of India's Programs , the Government of

Madhya Pradesh has introduced following schemes for welfare of Urban Poor in

the State sector:-

1. Allotment of Leasehold Rights to landless Urban Dwellers

2. Earmarking the Land for EWS/LIG housing

3. Welfare Schemes for -

Cycle Rickshaw and Hand cart pullers

Street Vendors

Domestic Maid Servants

Social Security Scheme for Urban Poor

Integrated Entrepreneurship Development Scheme for Poor

4. Target for construction of 5 Lakh dwelling units for slum dwellers by 2018

5. Implementation of the Pro-poor reforms

Salient features of Slum housing in India Following Schemes have been launched for housing for Urban poor in the

country:- Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission(BSUP)

Integrated Housing and Slum Development Program(IHSDP)

Rajiv Awas Yojna

Affordable Housing in Partnership Salient features of the above schemes are as under:-

Under BSUP and IHSDP central and state government grant varies from 70 to90 percent Beneficiaries are required to contribute remaining cost of the dwelling unit

Implementing agencies are required to adopt whole-slum approach

ULBs are required to adopt transparent process for allotment

Site development is integral part of the projects Dwelling units up to the size of 30 Sq.m are to be constructed consisting of 2

rooms ,kitchen lat/bath and small balcony in mostly G+3 storied buildings

Following Schemes have been launched for housing for Urban poor in thecountry:- Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission(BSUP)

Integrated Housing and Slum Development Program(IHSDP)

Rajiv Awas Yojna

Affordable Housing in Partnership Salient features of the above schemes are as under:-

Under BSUP and IHSDP central and state government grant varies from 70 to90 percent Beneficiaries are required to contribute remaining cost of the dwelling unit

Implementing agencies are required to adopt whole-slum approach

ULBs are required to adopt transparent process for allotment

Site development is integral part of the projects Dwelling units up to the size of 30 Sq.m are to be constructed consisting of 2

rooms ,kitchen lat/bath and small balcony in mostly G+3 storied buildings

Salient features of Slum housing in India…Rajiv Awas Yojana

Announced in 2009 Aims at promoting “slum-free cities” by

Upgrading and formalizing all existing slums, bothdeclared and undeclared

Preventing development of new slums by providingaffordable land/housing

States to give property titles to the poor to qualify forfunding

Two stages: planning and implementation Planning includes:

preparing legislation for assigning property rights, slum surveys and slum mapping, preparing a State Level Plan of Action, and all city level Plans of Action, or putting together databases of all slum populations that

can be used for planning.

Announced in 2009 Aims at promoting “slum-free cities” by

Upgrading and formalizing all existing slums, bothdeclared and undeclared

Preventing development of new slums by providingaffordable land/housing

States to give property titles to the poor to qualify forfunding

Two stages: planning and implementation Planning includes:

preparing legislation for assigning property rights, slum surveys and slum mapping, preparing a State Level Plan of Action, and all city level Plans of Action, or putting together databases of all slum populations that

can be used for planning.

Achievements in Housing Schemes for Urban Poor inMadhya Pradesh

S.No. Scheme Cost number ofconstructed

dwelling units

1 JnNURM:BSUP(22 projects)

691.84 24,728

in crores

JnNURM:BSUP(22 projects)

2 IHSDP(56 Projects)

376.88 13,867

3 Rajiv Awas Yojna(17 towns)

861.15 15,760(sanctioned - under

progress)

BSUPBSUP Housing in IndoreHousing in Indore

Dwelling Unit Size - 34.13 sq.m.

Area of Bed Room : 12.00 sq.m

Area of Multipurpose Room : 08.70 sq.m

Area of Kitchen : 02.88 sq.m

Area of Toilet : 02.52 sq.m

Area of Balcony/Verandah : 01.75 sq.m

SCHEME No.SCHEME No. 134 IDA134 IDA, Indore, Indore

BSUPBSUP Housing in IndoreHousing in Indore

REHABILITATION EXITING SLUM ATKOTRA BHOPAL

REHABILITATION OF GANGA NAGAR AND ARADHNA NAGAR, BHOPAL

BSUP houses in Ujjain/JabalpurBSUP houses in Ujjain/Jabalpur

LAL KUAN, (JMC), JABALPUR

Construction work under progress in various cities under RAY

The ‘Patta’ Act, 1984 of Madhya Pradesh The “Madhya Pradesh Allotment of leasehold Rights to landless Poor

in Urban Areas Act,1984” gives legal rights to slum dwellers to haveleasehold rights of land for residential purposes. category (A) for permanent lease of 30 years and category(B) temporary lease of 1-10 years.

Year wise allotment of leasehold rights:-

Year Permanent Pattas Temporary Total Pattas

distributed

Year Permanent Pattas Temporary Total Pattas

distributed

1984* 88,723 19,710 108,433

1998* 146,686 20,528 167,214

2003 27,882 4,277 32,159

2008 29,032 4,500 33,532

2013 13,252 5,311 22,576

Total 305,575 54,326 363,914

* Including Chattisgarh towns

The ‘Patta’ Act, 1984: Salient Features The Act entitles all landless persons occupying Government land on a

specified date to get leasehold rights for residential use free of cost on thesame land or on another site.

The Act applies to all urban areas of MP.

The Act supersedes all other acts and regulations, including the city’sMaster Plan.

The Patta can be inherited but not transferred.

It addresses the issue of relocation of slums situated in areas that areprone to environmental risks or required for provision of essential cityservices.

The Act provides for collection of detailed data, including mapping ofslums.

A high power committee in each district consisting of officers fromrevenue, town planning, police, UDA and ULB, examines disputed casesand relocation.

A cutoff date has to be prescribed by the State government fordetermining the eligibility

The Act entitles all landless persons occupying Government land on aspecified date to get leasehold rights for residential use free of cost on thesame land or on another site.

The Act applies to all urban areas of MP.

The Act supersedes all other acts and regulations, including the city’sMaster Plan.

The Patta can be inherited but not transferred.

It addresses the issue of relocation of slums situated in areas that areprone to environmental risks or required for provision of essential cityservices.

The Act provides for collection of detailed data, including mapping ofslums.

A high power committee in each district consisting of officers fromrevenue, town planning, police, UDA and ULB, examines disputed casesand relocation.

A cutoff date has to be prescribed by the State government fordetermining the eligibility

Earmarking Developed Land for EWS / LIG Housing

"The Madhya Pradesh Housing and Habitat Policy - 2007" provides forearmarking of 30 percent developed land in all government HousingSchemes for the persons belonging to Lower Income group andEconomically Weaker Sections

The policy also provides for earmarking 15 percent land in all the otherhousing schemes

The Madhya Pradesh Municipalities (Registration of Colonizer, terms& conditions)Rules provide for earmarking 15 percent number ofdwelling units against the number of houses /plots of other categoriesin all housing colonies

The State Government to notify the income criteria for EWS/LIG

Presently effective criteria:EWS Rs. up to 1,00,000 per family per yearLIG Rs. 1,00,000 to 2,00,000 per family per year

"The Madhya Pradesh Housing and Habitat Policy - 2007" provides forearmarking of 30 percent developed land in all government HousingSchemes for the persons belonging to Lower Income group andEconomically Weaker Sections

The policy also provides for earmarking 15 percent land in all the otherhousing schemes

The Madhya Pradesh Municipalities (Registration of Colonizer, terms& conditions)Rules provide for earmarking 15 percent number ofdwelling units against the number of houses /plots of other categoriesin all housing colonies

The State Government to notify the income criteria for EWS/LIG

Presently effective criteria:EWS Rs. up to 1,00,000 per family per yearLIG Rs. 1,00,000 to 2,00,000 per family per year

Internal Earmarking of BSUP fund

The State Government has issued executive instructions to all theUrban local Bodies to ensure earmarking 25 percent of their receipts inbudget for basic services to urban Poor

The provision under municipal budget under this head has been madenon-lapsable

At the end of the FY actual expenditure is examined against the totalexpenditure of the Institution in all heads

Municipalities are required to compulsory achieve this reform

The State Government has issued executive instructions to all theUrban local Bodies to ensure earmarking 25 percent of their receipts inbudget for basic services to urban Poor

The provision under municipal budget under this head has been madenon-lapsable

At the end of the FY actual expenditure is examined against the totalexpenditure of the Institution in all heads

Municipalities are required to compulsory achieve this reform

Participatory slum improvement1.3x3 Matrix:Transparent prioritizationtool involvingstakeholders

2.CommunityOrganization: Residentcommunity Volunteersidentified - 1 Volunteer per 20-40 Household

3.Training and Microplanning withMunicipal teams

4.Lane mappingand slummapping :forinfrastructure needsassessment

7.CommunityMaintenance- Basti VikasSamitis registration & CIF

5.Technical Assessment byEngineers /CommunityFeedback and Agreement :discussions on technical optionsand maintenance

6.Community Monitoringof conventionalcontracts : for qualityconstruction

“the Community Network” For the Purpose of integrating the urban Poor in implementation of welfare

programs , a well defined community network has been created as under:-

RCVs- Resident Community Volunteers have been identified on a groupof about 20 houses

NDSs- Neighborhood Development Societies have been constituted on aMohalla/ Street or ward basis

CDS-Community Development Societies have been constituted combiningthe cluster of NDSs or Town level

Only women member of the family are allowed to represent.CommunityOrganizers have been appointed to assist the groups in performing the taskassigned to them

Normally Office bearers are designated on nomination basis on unanimousvote

In case of dispute Office bearers are elected by the members

NDS and CDS are associated in implementation of all the welfare programsincluding selection of beneficiaries under livelihood programs.

For the Purpose of integrating the urban Poor in implementation of welfareprograms , a well defined community network has been created as under:-

RCVs- Resident Community Volunteers have been identified on a groupof about 20 houses

NDSs- Neighborhood Development Societies have been constituted on aMohalla/ Street or ward basis

CDS-Community Development Societies have been constituted combiningthe cluster of NDSs or Town level

Only women member of the family are allowed to represent.CommunityOrganizers have been appointed to assist the groups in performing the taskassigned to them

Normally Office bearers are designated on nomination basis on unanimousvote

In case of dispute Office bearers are elected by the members

NDS and CDS are associated in implementation of all the welfare programsincluding selection of beneficiaries under livelihood programs.

Micro Planning Under MPUSPWhat? Why? How? What is Micro Planning?

Process to enable consultations with poor communities and involving them in decisionmaking.

Who does the micro planning? The Community Groups (lane wise community resident volunteers RCVs)

The Municipal teams facilitate and assist along with the Ward Councillor

How is Micro planning done? RCV marks on the map the condition of the infrastructure (existing/working/not

working)

The RCV consults community about the additional infrastructural requirements at slumlevel

RCVs and community members sit together and prepare the settlement maps.

Community informed of standards/norms for provision of services during planning.

The Municipal engineers also visit the settlement and assess the feasibility of microplans and prepare cost estimates

Community agreements held with agreement on minor and major maintenance

What is Micro Planning? Process to enable consultations with poor communities and involving them in decision

making.

Who does the micro planning? The Community Groups (lane wise community resident volunteers RCVs)

The Municipal teams facilitate and assist along with the Ward Councillor

How is Micro planning done? RCV marks on the map the condition of the infrastructure (existing/working/not

working)

The RCV consults community about the additional infrastructural requirements at slumlevel

RCVs and community members sit together and prepare the settlement maps.

Community informed of standards/norms for provision of services during planning.

The Municipal engineers also visit the settlement and assess the feasibility of microplans and prepare cost estimates

Community agreements held with agreement on minor and major maintenance

Community Monitoring Why Community Monitoring?

To ensure good quality construction

What Community Monitoring?

To ensure that the site supervision staff are attending to their duties.

To check upon the key aspects of the construction and ensure they are being carried outin accordance with the specification.

To check the quality and quantity of materials.

How Community Monitoring?

Combined orientation of Engineers, Contractor and community representatives.

Community Volunteers apprise the community of the work under execution

Installation of display boards with proposed design and cost.

Community safe guards materials in their respective lanes

Committee representatives participate in meetings

Confirmation of community under social audit prior to making payments to the contractor

Why Community Monitoring?

To ensure good quality construction

What Community Monitoring?

To ensure that the site supervision staff are attending to their duties.

To check upon the key aspects of the construction and ensure they are being carried outin accordance with the specification.

To check the quality and quantity of materials.

How Community Monitoring?

Combined orientation of Engineers, Contractor and community representatives.

Community Volunteers apprise the community of the work under execution

Installation of display boards with proposed design and cost.

Community safe guards materials in their respective lanes

Committee representatives participate in meetings

Confirmation of community under social audit prior to making payments to the contractor

Challenges & Lesson learnt Learning by doing Dedicated personnel required at ULB to work with communities Adequate slum data required for effective slum targeting Organizing and strengthening Community groups Managing CIF without NGO support is a challenge Conflict between elected representatives and Community office bearers Change is slow. Change is possible

Revenue ReformsMPHS GIS GIS Base Maps and Slum Maps prepared for 12 MCs &

support to Ujjain under Rajiv Awaas Yojana (RAY)• Revenue surveys completed for 1.25m properties in 13

MCs (92% completed in 3 MCs & 85% in 8 MCs)• Revenue survey records linked with property layer in

GIS Socio economic surveys completed for 2,052 slums(2.5 million pop) in 12 MCs

• Slum profiles linked with GIS

GIS Base Maps and Slum Maps prepared for 12 MCs &support to Ujjain under Rajiv Awaas Yojana (RAY)

• Revenue surveys completed for 1.25m properties in 13MCs (92% completed in 3 MCs & 85% in 8 MCs)

• Revenue survey records linked with property layer inGIS

Socio economic surveys completed for 2,052 slums(2.5 million pop) in 12 MCs

• Slum profiles linked with GIS

Revenue Survey Data Linked in GIS

MPUSP Madhya Pradesh Urban Services for thePoor 29

Slum Profile Linked in GIS

Impacts of MPHS-GIS Sound Property Tax and Poverty data base in place for

the first time Poverty data and slum maps are being used to prepare

Slum Free City Plans for 4 cities under RAY• Additional 175,000 properties in 12 MCs brought into

tax net to date• Direct and indirect impact leading to 105% increase in

the total property tax collection in 4 MCs in last 5years.

MPUSP Madhya Pradesh Urban Services for thePoor 31

Sound Property Tax and Poverty data base in place forthe first time Poverty data and slum maps are being used to prepare

Slum Free City Plans for 4 cities under RAY• Additional 175,000 properties in 12 MCs brought into

tax net to date• Direct and indirect impact leading to 105% increase in

the total property tax collection in 4 MCs in last 5years.

Property Tax Improvementsin 4 MCs

MPUSP Madhya Pradesh Urban Services for thePoor 32

Thank you & Best Wishes

Presented by :

U.K .SadhavAdditional Director

Urban Development & Environment DepartmentGovernment of Madhya Pradesh , Bhopal,India-462 016

Tel.+91 755 255 2609 / +91-755 255 2747Fax +91 755 255 4681

Cell No. +91 94 253 01117E-mail: uksadhav@gmail.com/uksadhav@rediffmail.com

Visit us at : www.mpurban.gov.in