an overview of kabasura kudineer siddha medicine for …

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Gayatri et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

AN OVERVIEW OF KABASURA KUDINEER

SIDDHA MEDICINE FOR COVID- 19

*V. S. L. S. Gayatri, S. Sundar, and K. Padmalatha

Department of Pharmacology, Vijaya Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences for Women,

Enikepadu, Vijayawada, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh, India.

ABSTRACT

Corona virus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a

newly discovered corona virus. Most of the people infected with the

corona virus will lead mild to moderate respiratory illness. Older

people and those with underlying medical problems like cardiovascular

disease, diabetes, and chronic respiratory disease are more likely to

develop serious illness. Herbal medicines have been played an

important key role in controlling infectious diseases. The scientific

study on herbal medicines is new but the use of the herbal medicines

has been gifted as blessing to the mankind for its fewer side effects.

Plants have been one of the important sources of medicine since the

dawn of human civilization. Kabasura kudineer is the best time-tested

remedy from Siddha Medical system. This poly herbal Powder

contains 15 herbs effective against viral infections, cough, fever and

breathing difficulties. Each of its ingredients acted in a synergistic way

to combat fever which is associated with respiratory tract illness. It Stimulates body

immunity to fight against with Pathogens and also provides the antioxidant support to

scavenge free radicals. Ministry of AYUSH has also endorsed Kabasura Kudineer is an

immunity booster and preventive measure for Covid-19. In “Guidelines for Siddha

Practitioners for COVID-19” the ministry has recommended consumption of decoction twice

a day in the quantity of 60 ml, daily as a preventive measure. The present study was aimed

the therapeutic efficacy of 15 herbs present in kabasura kudineer and the different usage of

kabasura kudineer.

KEYWORDS: COVID-19, Corona Virus, Siddha Medicine, Kabasura Kudineer.

*Corresponding Author

V. S. L. S. Gayatri

Department of

Pharmacology, Vijaya

Institute of Pharmaceutical

Sciences for

Women,Enikepadu,

Vijayawada, Krishna

District, Andhra Pradesh,

India.

Article Received on

5 May 2021,

Revised on 25 May 2021,

Accepted on 13 June 2021,

DOI: 10.20959/wjpps20217-19310

WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

SJIF Impact Factor 7.632

Volume 10, Issue 7, 622-642 Review Article ISSN 2278 – 4357


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INTRODUCTION

COVID-19 was first identified and isolated from pneumonia patent belongs to Wuhan,

china.[1,2]

Corona virus is spherical single stranded, enveloped RNA and which is covered

with club shaped glycoprotein, whereas Corona viruses are four sub types such as alpha,

beta, gamma and delta corona virus. Each of the sub type corona viruses has many serotypes.

Some of them were affected to human and also for other affected animals such as pigs, birds,

mice, cats and dogs.[3,4,5,6,7]

On 31 Dec. 2019, East Asia and China, most populated country in

the world was informed to WHO regarding pneumonia cases with unknown etiology. Till

from 3 Jan. 2020 a total of 48 pneumonia cases were noticed. On 7 Jan 2020,

Chinese research authorities were announced that they were isolated new virus from sea food

market in Wuhan city; where Named as 2019-nCoV.

The Medicinal plants are widely used in non-industrialized societies, because they are readily

available and cheaper than the modern medicines. The annual global export value for the

thousands of types of plants with medicinal properties which were estimated to be US$2.2

billion in 2012 Whereas, Siddha is a unique system of medicine, which is originated from

Tamil Nadu and having its origin in the Tamil language. Literally, the phrase “Siddha” means

“established truth”.[8]

The drugs used for treatment of corona virus are Azithryomcin,

Montelukast levocetirizine, Ecosprin 75, TusQ-DX syrup, Breath Easy Capsule, Covifor

injection. Siddha medicines for treating corona virus are Adathodai Manapagu, Kabasura

kudineer, Nilavembu kudineer, Vishasura kudineer, Vajra Kandi Chenduram, Thontha Sura

kudineer. In this review article provide the kabasura kudineer herbal ingredients and their

pharmacological activities and the activity of kabasura kudineer.

Kabasura Kudineer

Kabasura kudineer is a familiar Siddha medicine which consists of whooping 15 herbal

ingredients. Churnam is extensively aimed for improving respiratory infections, boosting

lungs and treating like infections fever, cold, and cough. Generally powdered form consumed

after soak it in water and making as a Kadha/ decoction.


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Table 1: List of Herbal ingredients present in Kabasura Kudineer.

Ajwain

Ajwain, Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague is herbaceous plant belonging to the highly

valued medicinally familiar family, Apiaceae.[9]

The herb is widely grown in arid and semi-

arid regions where the soil involves in high amount of salts.[10]

Ajwain is widely distributed

and cultivated in various land such as Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan and India as well as Europe

while it is initial to Egypt.

Fig. 1: Ajwain.

Therapeutic uses

It is used in the treatment of Acidity, Indigestion, Common Cold, Tooth Ache and Cleaning

Wounds, Cleansing skin, decrease the Pain due to Arthritis.

S. No INGREDIENTS BOTANICAL NAME

1 Ajwain Trachyspermum ammi

2 Haritaki Terminalia chebula

3 Piper longum Pippali

4 Bharangi Clerodendrum serratum

5 Malabar nut Justicia adhatoda

6 Musta Cyperus rotundus

7 Raja pata Cissampelos pareira

8 Kusta Saussurea lappa C.B. Clarke

9 Kalamegha Andrographis paniculata

10 Akarakarnbha Anacyclus pyrethrum

11 Kokilaksha Hygrophila auriculata

12 Dusparsha Tragia involucrate

13 Clove Syzygium aromaticum

14 Ginger Zingiber officinale

15 Guduchi Tinospora cordifolia


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Anti Oxidant activity

The antioxidant and ameliorative property of Ajwain draw out has been assess on

hexachlorocyclohexane persuade toxicity and oxidative stress in an in vivo investigation.

Correspondingly, results revealed that the dietary Ajwain extract would reduce the toxicity

derive from hepatic free radical stress.[11]

Haritaki

Haritaki (Terminalia chebula Retz. Family: Combretaceae) commonly known as Harada‟ in

Ayurveda is mentioned as “Sarvarogaprashamnam” meaning it cures all diseases. It is also

known as “vayasahsthapaniparaam” meaning it has potential rasayana (rejuvenating)

properties. Haritaki is a wonder drug having different pharmacological actions and benefits

according to different anupana (a vehicle, a drink with or after medicine), different season

and its physical properties.

.

Fig. 2: Haritaki.

Therapeutic uses

It increases the digestion when it is chewed, it clears bowel when consumed in powder form,

when boiled it act as anti-diarrhoeal.

Anti-mutagenic and anti-carcinogenic activities

The 70% methanolic draw out of fruit of Terminalia chebula was research on the growth of

specific malignant cell lines as well as a human (MCF-7) and mouse (S11S) breast cancer

cell line, a human esteo sarcoma cell lines (HOS-1), a human prostate cancer cell line (PC-3)

and a non tumorigenic immortalized human prostate cell line (PNTIA) using array for

proliferation (3H-thymidine incorporation and counter counting, cell viability (ATP

determination and horchst DNA staining and cell death flow cytometrey). The chloroform

draw out acetone and aqueous extract of Terminalia chebula appear activity in case of


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salmonella typhimurium. All the extracts studied in several cell lines shows decreased cell

viability, inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell death in dose dependent manner. In

another study, acetone extract of bark and fruit powder of Terminalia chebula exhibit

anticarcinogenic activity.[12]

Piper Longum

Plants have been the origin of medicines since thousands of years. Species of the genus Piper

are amid and the key medicinal plants used in various methods of medicine. Piper longum L.

(Piperaceae), commonly realize as “long pepper”, is amply dispense in the tropical and

subtropical land of the world, all over the Indian subcontinent, Sri Lanka, Middle Eastern

kingdom and the Americas.

Fig. 3: Piper longum.

Therapeutic uses

It is most commonly used to treat chronic bronchitis, asthma, constipation, gonorrhea,

paralysis of the tongue, diarrhea, chronic malaria, viral hepatitis, respiratory infections, and

stomachache.

Anti oxidant activity

A mixer of spices (Piper nigrum, Piper longum, and Zingiber officinale), herbs (Cyperus

rotundus and Plumbago zeylanica) and salts form Amrita Bindu exist tested for anti-oxidant

activity. The study revealed the antioxidant potential of the element in the following order:

Piper nigrum > Piper longum > Cyperus rotundus > Zingiber officinale > Plumbago

zeylanca.[13]

Anti -depressant activity

Therapy with piperine (6.25–25 μM) for 72 h reversed the (corticosterone) CORT-induced

reduction of BDNF mRNA expression in cultured hippocampal neurons [14]

. A bioassay-


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guided isolation of the ethanol draw out from the fruits of P. longum yielded a realize

piperidine alkaloid, piperine having strong antidepressant-like properties which are mediated

in part through the inhibition of MAO activity, and hence represent a promising

pharmacotherapeutic candidate as an antidepressant agent.[15]

Bharangi

Clerodendrum serratum (Linn) Moon belongs to the family of Verbenaceae. It is commonly

known as Bharangi in Gujarati, Urdu, Marathi, Hindi, Punjabi, as Gantu Bharangi in Kannada

and Telugu, Cherutekku1 in Malayalam, Chinda in Oriya, Vamunahati in Bengali, Sirutekku

in Tamil.[16]

Fig. 4: Bharangi.

Therapeutic uses

Bharangi is a one of the common herbs used in the treatment of common cold, chronic

sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, cough and other chronic respiratory problems. It is also an

excellent dry cough home remedy. It is also used by Ayurveda for relief from fever and

hyper-pyrexi.

Malabar Nut

The metabolites draw out from the plants of these families appears significant biological

activities with a special mention of Acanthaceae family. Amply spread Adhatoda vasica (now

Justicia Adhatoda) of family Acanthaceae –a familiar drug plant in Ayurvedic and Unani

medicine has been realize to possess broad biological potential.[17]

https://www.dabur.com/in/en-us/about/science-of-ayurveda/ayurvedic-home-remedies/home-remedies-for-cough


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Fig. 5: Malabar nut.

Therapeutic uses

Malabar nut is used to loosen chest congestion, open the breathing tubes (bronchi), and treat

spasms. It is used for upper airway infections, common colds, cough, asthma,

and tuberculosis.

Anti bacterial activity

The leaves draw out of Adhatoda vasica exhibits average antibacterial activity.[18]

The

antibacterial activity in case of the microorganism strains of Vibrio cholera (15mm) Bacillus

subtilis (11mm) and in petroleum ether extract, and also Vibrio cholera (13mm) Bacillus

subtilis (11mm) and in ethanol with draw were determined by the disc diffusion method.

Where, the plates were incubated at 37 ° C for 24h to allow highest growth of the organism,

the activity of the test agents were steady by the zone of inhibition of the plates.

Musta

A great number of fragrant and other medicinal plants of family cyperaceae contain chemical

compounds that exhibit biological properties. Cyperus scariosus is a important multipurpose

medicinal herb of large cosmopolitan family of monocotyledons comprising about 3700

species within 70 genera. It is familiarly known as Nut grass, Nagarmotha in Hindi.

Fig. 6: Musta.

http://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/default.htm

http://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/overview

http://www.webmd.com/asthma/default.htm

http://www.webmd.com/lung/understanding-tuberculosis-basics


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Therapeutic uses

Ayurvedic physicians uses the plant, known as musta or musta moola churna, for treating

fevers, digestive system disorders, dysmenorrhea and other maladies. Modern alternative

medicine recommends using the plant to treat nausea, fever and inflammation, for pain

reduction, for muscle relaxation and many other disorders.

Immunomodulatory effect

The immunomodulatory activity of ethanolic draw out of A. heterophyllum tubers along with

other medicines of the Ayurveda and Unani systems of medicine were investigated on

delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), humoral responses to sheep red blood cells (RBC) ,

skin allograft rejection and phagocytic activity of the reticulo endothelial system in mice. It

was found to be without appeared to enhance the phagocytic function and to inhibit the

humoral component of the immune system. The outcome obtained from these prior studies

show that, A. heterophyllum has immunomodulatory activity, which could show the new

immunomodulatory agents of herbal genesis.[19]

Anti pyretic effect

The antipyretic effects of roots of A. heterophyllum in the form of aqueous, hexane and

chloroform take out were inspect using the technique of yeast induced pyrexia, with aspirin

as a standard antipyretic agent for contrast. These examine, by Ikrum, showed that the pull

out were nontoxic (up to 1.6 g/kg) and had no significant antipyretic activity. Therefore, in

Ayurveda A. heterophyllum is dispense as a powder (churna) and kashaa (decoction) for

manage fever.[20]

Raja Pata

It is one of the important brain tonic used in Ayurveda along with other drugs. In the Vedic

literature Patha is described as pata botanical name-cissampelos parietal Linn. (North India)

cyclea peltata (south India) family- menispermaceae.

Fig. 7: Raja pata.


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Therapeutic uses

It is used in the treatment of fever, diarrhea, piles, edema, internal abscess, wound healing

and easy delivery.

Hypoglycemic activity

Sida cordifolia use as a weight loss product is through its hypoglycemic (blood sugar

lowering) activity. Research studies have been shown that it possesses a key role in blood-

sugar lowering activity and hence may help to reduce the storage of fat with fat cells.[21]

Kusta

C. asiatica and Hydrocotyle asiatica, belongs to family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) are used

correspondingly and Popularly known as Thankuni (Bengali) Bemgsag/ Gotukola/Khu-

lakhudi/Mandookaparni (Hindi), Indian Pennywort/ Gotu kola (English)/ Marsh Pennywort.

Fig. 8: Kusta.

Therapeutic uses

It is used in the treatment of cough, asthma, fever, ulcers, hair problems, Indigestion, gas

problems, Intestinal diseases, cholera.

Anti Convulsant activity

Oral administration of different extracts from C. asiatica for 1 week at a amount of 200

mg/kg of body weight of in pentylenetetrazol (induces seizure) induced rats enlarge the level

of acetylcholine (neurotransmitter) and reduce the activity of acetylcholinesterase, causes

perceptible changes in the cholinergic system which designate the anticonvulsant activity.[22]

Kalamegha

Andrographis paniculata is familiar plant in bangal by the name „kalmegh‟ Kalamegha,

meaning "dark cloud". This is widely cultivated in Southern Asia, is a herbaceous plant,

generally known as “King of Bitters” goods to the genealogy of Acanthaceae.

https://ayurwiki.org/Ayurwiki/Category:Ayurvedic_Herbs_known_to_be_helpful_to_treat_cough

https://ayurwiki.org/Ayurwiki/Category:Ayurvedic_Herbs_known_to_be_helpful_to_treat_asthma

https://ayurwiki.org/Ayurwiki/Category:Ayurvedic_Herbs_known_to_be_helpful_to_treat_fever

https://ayurwiki.org/Ayurwiki/Category:Ayurvedic_Herbs_known_to_be_helpful_to_treat_ulcers

https://ayurwiki.org/Ayurwiki/Category:Ayurvedic_Herbs_known_to_be_helpful_to_treat_hair_problems

https://ayurwiki.org/Ayurwiki/Category:Ayurvedic_Herbs_known_to_be_helpful_to_treat_Indigestion

https://ayurwiki.org/Ayurwiki/Category:Ayurvedic_Herbs_known_to_be_helpful_to_treat_gas_problems

https://ayurwiki.org/Ayurwiki/Category:Ayurvedic_Herbs_known_to_be_helpful_to_treat_gas_problems

https://ayurwiki.org/Ayurwiki/Category:Ayurvedic_Herbs_known_to_be_helpful_to_treat_Intestinal_diseases

https://ayurwiki.org/Ayurwiki/Category:Ayurvedic_Herbs_known_to_be_helpful_to_treat_cholera


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Fig. 9: Kalamegha.

Therapeutic uses

In Indian system of medicine kalmegh is widely used as a stomachic, tonic, antipyretic, anti-

fertility, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, immuno-stimulatory and anti-oxidant

agent.

Anti bacterial Assay

In vitro antibacterial activity was study for hexane, DCM and methanol draw out of A.

paniculata by using the Broth Dilution method.[23]

The 3 extracts were added in Mueller

Hinton Broth in respective huge test tubes with 3 dissimilar concentrations (100, 200 & 500

g/ml) of hexane, DCM and methanol pull out of A. paniculata. These tubes were injected

with 0.1 ml of two Gram-positive bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923,

Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC21059, while two Gram-negative bacteria were Escherichia

coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853. All the tubes were inoculated at 37°C for

24 hours and the microbial growth was observing turbidometrically.[24]

Akarakarnbha

Anacyclus pyrethrum (L) is generally known as African pyrethrum, akarkarha, tigendesste,

and igendess. It is a species belonging to the genealogy Asteraceae, which is indigenous to

Morocco, Algeria, and Spain [25, 26]

. This species includes the double varieties of Anacyclus

pyrethrum var. pyrethrum (L) and Anacyclus pyrethrum var. reduces (Ball) Maire.

Fig. 10: Akarakarnbha.


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Therapeutic uses

Akarakarabha is used for Poor memory, Bacterial infections, Depression, Diabetes, Fungal

infection, Oxidative stress, Convulsions, Anxiety and other conditions.

Anti oxidant effect

The ethanolic draw out of Anacyclus pyrethrum was assess for in vivo and ex-vivo

Antioxidant pursuit by using individual experimental model at dissimilar concentration 25,

50, 100, 200, 400 microgram/ml. Antioxidant potential of A. pyrethrum root may be due to

their photochemical constituents such as Phenol, Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Tannins.[27]

Kokilaksha

Hygrophila or Marsh Barbel (English) it is generally used to call in Tamil as a Neermulli. A

summaries herbal shrub enlarges up to 60 cms altitude. The shrub stem is tetragonal, bushy

and stiffened at the nodes. The bark is dark brown, although the needles are elliptic-

lanceolate and hispid. The flowers are violet and somewhat purple-blue. The fruit looks like a

four-sided figure, linear, glabrous and about contains 1cm long seeds which are orbicular

bushy and brown in color.[28,29]

Fig. 11: Kokilaksha.

Therapeutic uses

Kokilaksha Kashayam is likely to increase elimination of uric acid and other toxins from the

body. Secondly, it has anti-inflammatory and detoxifying actions.

Hypoglycemic activity

Ethanolic extract of aerial fragments of Hygrophila auriculata appear signs of reduction in

glucose in the blood. This draw out also showed reduced lipid peroxidation allied with

enlarges activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. Appear a result of boiling

water extracts of Hygrophila auriculata on glucose tolerance of normal human issue and


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maturity onset of diabetic patients. A direction of wet extract of Hygrophila auriculata to rats

there is no any result on the gluconeogenic capacity of the kidney or intestinal glucose

absorption.[30,31]

Dusparsha

Tragia involucrata Linn (Geneology : Euphorbiaceae) is a medicinal plant, which has been

used for centuries in Sri Lankan Traditional Medicine as well know in the Ayurveda medical

system.[32,33]

This plant is generally found and used by South Asian countries such as Sri

Lanka, Bangladesh and India.

Fig. 12: Dusparsha.

Therapeutic uses

It is used in the treatment of fever, diuretic and blood purifier, reduces excess of fat, and

helps to regulates pitta and kapha dosha.

Anti microbial Activity of Tragia involucrate

Many regards have been move out to investigate the antimicrobial pursuit of Tragia

involucrata (TI) in case of a number of microorganisms because of its ethno medicinal

utilize in infections and wound healing.[34,35]

Anti tumor Activity of Tragia involucrate

Ethyl acetate and Hexane give out the airy parts of TI were used on Ehrlich‟s ascites

carcinoma (EAC) bearing mice to investigate the antitumor effect, draw out proved to have

antitumor activity at the tested doses.[36]

Clove

(Syzygium aromaticum (L.) is one of the most familiar ancient and valuable spices of the

Orient. It is an organ of the genealogy Myrtaceae. The clove of trade is its dried unopened

flower buds. Whole and ground cloves are used to magnify the flavor of meat and rice dishes

and used widely in masala and curry powders.


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Fig. 13: Clove.

Therapeutic uses

They are highly assessed in medicine as a stimulant and carminative are imagine being a

native anthelmintic.[37]

It is used in medicine for its antiseptic, antibacterial and antibiotic

properties. It has also been famously used for asthma and various allergic disorders by oral

administration.[38]

Anti thrombotic activity

Clove oil inhibited human platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid (AA), platelet-

activating factor (PAF) or collagen. It was a more effective inhibitor for aggregation induced

by AA and PAF (IC50: 4 and 6 μM respectively) than collagen (IC50: 132 μM). The in vivo

experiments in rabbits showed that clove oil (50-100 mg/kg) afforded 100% protection

against PAF (11 mg/kg, i.v) and 70% protection against AA (2.0 mg/kg, i.v) induced

thrombosis and shock due to pulmonary platelet thrombosis. It also inhibited thromboxane-

A2 and 12-HETE production by human platelets incubated with [C [14]] AA.[39]

Ginger

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), which belongs to the Zingiberaceae family and the

Zingiber genus, has been commonly consumed as a spice and an herbal medicine for a long

time [40]. Ginger root is used to attenuate and treat several common diseases, such as

headaches, colds, nausea, and emesis.

Fig. 14: Ginger.


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Therapeutic uses

It‟s been used to aid digestion, reduce nausea, and help fight the flu and common cold, to

name a few of its purposes. Gingerol is the main bioactive compound in ginger. It‟s

responsible for much of ginger‟s medicinal properties. Gingerol has powerful anti-

inflammatory and antioxidant effects.

Antinociceptive effects

(6)-shogaol has produced anti-nociception and inhibited the release of substance P in rats,

seemingly via the same receptor to which capsaicin binds. However, it was observed to be

100 times less potent and to elicit half the maximal effect of capsaicin.[41]

Anti genotoxic activity

Norethandrolone and oxandrolone were studied at 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 μM, respectively and

were found to be significantly genotoxic at 30 and 40 μM. Genistein and gingerol proved to

be equally effective in reducing genotoxic damage at appropriate doses.[42]

Guduchi

T. cordifolia commonly called as Guduchi is a natural herbal shrub that belongs to the

moonseed family Menispermaceae. This plant is useful in treatment of several diseases like

jaundice, skin diseases, gout, diabetes etc. which has been established in the history of

traditional medicine practices. In this perspective, guduchi is considered to be a nectar plant

and has been called as amrita in Sanskrit in recognition of its detoxifying, rejuvenating, and

immune boosting properties.[43]

Fig. 15: Guduchi.

Therapeutic uses

Guduchi is used to enhance memory, improves health. It activates the immune system of the

body, boosting immunity and promoting vitality in a person.

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Anti-Toxin Activity

Guduchi have a potential ability to scavenge free radical and shows a protective effect by

altering different hormone and mineral levels. T. cordifolia has reported to reverse the

toxicity caused by aflatoxin in kidney (Swiss albino mice) where, it substantially elevates the

hormone level and enzyme activities and decreases the reactive oxygen species (ROS). And

this anti-toxin activity is primarily brought by the alkaloids of this plant.[44]

Immunomodulatory Activity

Clinical study stated that, T. cordifolia lotion causes a decline in the level of interleukin i.e.

IL-1 and IL-6 in scabies animal model. It inhibits hyperkeratosis and infiltration of

inflammatory cells into scabietic gash, showing its anti-scabies activity.[45]

Kabasura Kudineer Activities

Anti-Bacterial Activity

The standardized inoculums were inoculated in the sterilized plates prepared earlier

(aseptically) by dipping a sterile loop into the inoculums. The sterile discs were soaked

overnight in sample solution.[46]

Each Petri dish was divided into 2 parts. First compartment

of the plate were loaded with AEKKC disc (200 μg) and the second compartment with

standard ciprofloxacin disc (10 μg) with the help of sterile forceps. After that the petridishes

were placed in the refrigerator at 4º C or at room temperature for 1 hour for diffusion.

Incubate at 37 º C for 24 h.

Anti inflammatory, Antipyretic, Antimicrobial activity

This study is designed to evaluate the anti-inflammaatory, antipyretic aqueous extract of

Kabasura kudineer choornam (AEKKC). The estimated by Folin-Ciocalteu and Aluminium

chloride colorimetric potential was determined by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging any

signs of toxicity up to 2000 mg/kg in rats. The anti-inflammatory evaluated by carrageenan-

induced paw edema and histamine induced of AEKKC at 200 and 400 mg/kg showed

significant reduction in both carrageenan and histamine induced inflammation. The (400

mg/kg was studied by brewer‟s yeast induced pyrexia mg/kg) was used as standard. The

extract showed significant evoked elevated body temperature. AEKKC also exhibited

antibacterial inhibition via disc diffusion method. The results of the study prove

inflammatory, antipyretic and antimicrobial activity.


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Acute Toxicity Test

The acute toxicity test was performed by using the AEKKC at concentrations of 5 mg/kg, 50

mg/kg, 300 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg. Toxicity study was performed as per OECD guidelines

423. It was observed that the AEKKC was not lethal to the rats at 2000 mg/kg dose. Hence

the dose was fixed at 200 mg/kg as low dose and 400 mg/kg as high dose.

Phytochemical screening

The phytochemical analysis of KSKC decoction revealed the presence of alkaloids,

carbohydrates, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, tannins,

hydrolysable tannins and terpenoids. The reaction for determination of phlobatannins, volatile

oil, vitamin C, proteins and amino acids were not remarkable but noticed as Precipitate,

hence recorded as traces. Similar results were reported by other authors except with the

absence of saponin in one study.[47]

and the presence of proteins and amino acids in another

[48] wherein the screening was conducted in the KSKC aqueous filtrate.

Molecular docking studies

Molecular docking was carried for 32 phytochemical constituents of Siddha formulation

Kabasura Kudineer Choornam and 05 phytoconstituents of JACOM. The phytochemical

analogs were docked with spike protein SARS-CoV-2 (PDB ID: 6VSB) by using Cresset

Flare Docking software with default settings and the grid box was defined based on trial and

error and carried out in normal mode.[49,50]

Treatment of Corona virus

The guidelines given by the ministry of AYUSH to the siddha practitioner for covid-19

treatment, listed the number of drugs to control the disease, under the list Kabasura kudineer

also recommended to take 60ml twice a day after food evaluated. The efficacy of Kabasura

kudineer was evaluated with vitamin c and zinc (CZ) supplementation in the management of

asymptomatic COVID-19 cases and reported the reduction in the SARS-COV-2 load [as

measured by cyclic threshold (CT) value of RT-PCR] from the baseline to that of seventh day

of the treatment prevention of progression of asymptomatic to symptomatic state (clinical

symptoms like fever, cough and breathlessness) and change in the immunity markers

(Interleukin IL 6, IL 10, IL 2, Interferon gamma (IFN ג) and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF

α).[51]


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CONCULSION

Kabasura kudineer contains 15 different highly therapeutic plant extracts. Kabasura kudineer

is recommended for the treatment of covid-19 and approved by the Ministry of AYUSH. So,

Kabasura kudineer is the powerful herbal medicine used for the management of covid-19.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The author‟s acknowledgement to Vijaya Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences for Women,

Vijayawada for their valuable support to complete the review work in a successful manner.

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