An overview of PROPLEX T in aquafeeds

A high-quality protein source from dried fermentation biomass

2

Alternative ProteinsPoised to accelerate● Concerns over price, supply, and sustainability of

fish meal and oil is driving research for alternative proteins

● Increasing global population and per capita consumption of seafood highlights the need for alternative proteins

● To meet the demand of feed production, alternative proteins will need to fill the void in formulation.

● Emerging alternative proteins include single cell proteins (e.g., SCP; algae, fungi, yeast, and bacteria), animal byproducts, fishery byproducts, and plant proteins (e.g., fermented SBM and DDGS).

Source of figures: FAO The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2016

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PROPLEX T - Dried Fermentation BiomassOverview

● Co-product of threonine manufacturing process

● Fermentation process uses a strain of bacteria with a carbohydrate sugar

● The bacteria is separated from the threonine to create the biomass

● Bacteria - higher protein than other SCP sources such as algae, fungi, and yeast

● Excellent amino acid profile & digestibility

● No animal proteins

● No known anti-nutritional factors

Typical Nutrient CompositionMoisture 4.5%Crude protein 74.0%Crude fat 6.6%Ash 2.5%Gross energy 5,701 kcal/kg

4

Threonine Manufacturing Process Overview

Fermentation Media Fermentation Screening /

Filtration

Purification Biomass

Evaporation

Purification

Bulk L- Threonine

Amino Acid Distribution

Drying

Oil

Packaging Distribution

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Animal Proteins Plant Proteins

What Products Does PROPLEX T Replace?

• Fish meal

• Blood meal

• Meat and bone meal

• Shrimp meal

• Squid meal

• Poultry by-product meal

• Feather meal

• Soybean meal

• Canola meal

• Corn gluten meal

• Fermented products

• Protein isolates

• Protein concentrates

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PROPLEX TA high-quality protein source

Source: Almeida et al. 2014

5.11

1.83

4.15

7.24

5.20

2.15

3.45

4.52

1.06

5.10

3.70

1.43

2.64

4.374.76

1.68

2.38 2.39

0.63

3.02

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Arg His Ile Leu Lys Met Phe Thr Trp Val

% (a

s fe

d)

Essential Amino Acids

PROPLEX T

Fish Meal

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Amino Acid Fish meal, Menhaden Select1 Aquaculture Poultry Swine

Arginine 75.5 95.7 98.6 94.9Histidine 65.5 93.1 95.7 91.8Isoleucine 70.4 93.6 98.4 92.5Leucine 71.6 94.3 98.7 92.0Lysine 70.3 93.6 95.8 92.7Methionine 80.5 95.5 98.5 92.0Phenylalanine 67.3 92.4 98.1 91.2Threonine 64.5 92.4 97.9 93.9Tryptophan NT2 NT 97.9 95.0Valine 70.4 89.4 97.4 90.81 Digestibility coefficients based on rainbow trout trials2 Not Tested

Digestibility Coefficients (%) of PROPLEX T Across Species

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PROPLEX T in Catfish Diets: Substitute SBM

Source: ADM Research Trial (D. Allen Davis, Auburn University)

• Juveniles (~14 g)• 15 fish/tank• 4 tanks/treatment• Trial length: 8 weeks

1.43 1.36 1.37 1.39 1.73 1.590.0

1.0

2.0

0 4 8 12 16 20

FCR

81.7 100.0 88.3 81.7 90.0 81.70

20

40

60

80

100

0 4 8 12 16 20

Survival (%)

59.7 64.0 62.4 64.1 52.6 51.70

20

40

60

80

0 4 8 12 16 20

Final Weight (g)

abca ab a

bc c

340.1 364.1 353.6 361.8 278.6 278.9100150200250300350400

0 4 8 12 16 20

Weight Gain (%)

aba ab a

b b

RESULT

• Better growth rate up to 12% inclusion rate compared to SBM

• No significant difference in FCR (1.36-1.73) or survival (81.7-100%)

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RESULT

PROPLEX T in Practical Shrimp Diets

Source: X Qiu and A. Davis, in process

• Juveniles (~2.3 g)• 10 shrimp/tank• 4 tanks/treatment• Trial length: 6 weeks

• No significant difference in weight gain (316.9-359.3 g), survival (84-88%), FCR (1.53-1.70), or Protein Retention Efficiency (31.1-35.9)

• PROPLEX T can be included up to 12% in practical diets

338.9 359.3 338.0 347.1 316.9280

300

320

340

360

380

0 2 4 6 12

Weight Gain (%)

86 84 84 88 8680

82

84

86

88

90

0 2 4 6 12

Survival (%)

1.61 1.53 1.65 1.57 1.701.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

0 2 4 6 12

FCR

34.9 35.9 33.2 32.5 31.10

10

20

30

40

0 2 4 6 12

Protein Retention Efficiency

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RESULT

Ingredient1 Control (0) PROPLEX T (4) PROPLEX T (8) PROPLEX T (12)PROPLEX T 0.0 4.3 8.5 12.8Menhaden fish meal 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0Poultry byproduct meal 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0Soybean meal 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.01Other ingredients include: menhaden fish oil, corn starch, whole wheat, vitamin and mineral premixes, choline chloride, Stay C, CaP-dibasic, lecithin, and amino acids

Pompano using PROPLEX T to Reduce FM

Source: Rhodes, M.A., Y. Zhou, and D.A. Davis. 2015. Use of dried fermented biomass as a fish meal replacement in practical diets of Florida Pompano, Trachinotus carolinus. J. of Applied Aquaculture. 27:29-39.

• Juveniles (~8.1 g)• 20 fish/tank• 3 tanks per treatment• Trial length: 10 weeks

• There was no significant difference in final weight (64.5g-79.5 g), survival (81.7%-96.7%), percent weight gain (711.6%-879.0%), or FCR (2.1-2.0).

• PROPLEX T can be included up to 12.8% in practical diets and higher levels should be evaluated

856.3 818.6 879.0 711.60

100200300400500600700800900

1000

0 4 8 12

Weight Gain (%)

81.7 96.7 86.7 91.750

60

70

80

90

100

110

0 4 8 12

Survival (%)

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RESULT

Ingredient1 Control (0) PROPLEX T (4) PROPLEX T (9) PROPLEX T (14)PROPLEX T 0.0 4.5 9.0 13.5Menhaden fish meal 28.5 25.7 22.8 20.0Dex starch 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0Soybean meal 38.4 34.5 30.7 26.91Other ingredients include: menhaden fish oil, vitamin and mineral premixes, CMC, amino acids, and Celufil

PROPLEX T in Practical Red Fish Diets

Source: Rosales, M., S. Castillo, C. Pohlenz, and D.M. Gatlin. 2017. Evaluation of dried yeast and threonine fermentation biomass as partial fish meal replacements in the diet of red drum Sciaenops ocellatus. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 232:190-197.

• Juveniles (~8.0 g)• 20 fish/tank• 3 tanks per treatment• Trial length: 8 weeks

• No significant difference in weight gain (632-702 g), feed efficiency (0.90-0.96), or survival (95-98.3%)

• PROPLEX T can be included up to 13.5% (30% of CP) in practical diets and higher levels should be evaluated

630 680 702 6320

100200300400500600700800

0 4 9 14

Weight Gain (%)

0.90 0.95 0.96 0.900.75

0.80

0.85

0.90

0.95

1.00

0 4 9 14

Feed Efficiency

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PROPLEX T – Dried Fermentation BiomassResearch Recap

● Accepted by a variety of species– Additional trials

in progress (e.g. Atlantic salmon)

Wide Acceptance

5-10% Inclusion

Palatability Concerns

Suitable Alternative

● Best growth performance appears to be around 5-10% inclusion level for most species– Higher inclusion

levels accepted by some species

● Palatability issues at high inclusion levels (>15%) for some species

● Suitable alternative to FM and other protein sources (e.g., SBM, concentrates, and isolates) in practical formulations

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PROPLEX T – Dried Fermentation BiomassSummary

Viable alternative

Added flexibility

to formulation

Consistenthigh-

quality protein source

74% crude

proteinHighly

digestible

Excellent amino acid

profile

Aquaculture: recommended

inclusion level of 5%