an overview of research on pascal fries - lorentz center · leiden, 27 may 2008 f.c. donders centre...

Leiden, 27 May 2008 F.C. Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging

Pascal Fries

An overview of research

gamma-band synchronization.

on


Gamma-band synchronization is everywhere

In the LGN

Neuenschwander and Singer, Nature, 1996.

In the retina



Maldonado et al., Cerebral Cortex, 2000.

In the primary visual cortex

20 ms

Fries et al., Science, 2001.

In the fourth visual cortex, V4.



Brosch et al., Journal of Neurophysiology, 2002.

In the primary auditory cortex


-0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.840

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

Cum

ulat

ive

Z-sc

ore

Time rel. to stim. onset [s]

Freq

uenc

y[H

z]

L RL R A P

STI

MR

IGH

TS

TIM

LEFT

t-valuet-value

Gamma-band: Stimulation effect


Bauer et al., Journal of Neuroscience, 2006.

In the primarysomatosensory cortex


Am

plitu

de(m

icro

volts

)


Barrie et al., Journal of Neurophysiology, 1996.

In the olfactory cortex

Aver

age

pow

ersp

ectra

lden

sity



Pesaran et al., Nature Neuroscience, 2002.

In the parietal cortex (LIP)



Bragin et al., Journal of Neuroscience, 1995.

In the hippocampus



Brown et al., Journal of Neurophysiology, 1998.

In the motor system, between motor cortex, spinal cord and muscle

20

40

60

80

100

120

-300

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

Freq

uenc

y[H

z]

Cha

nge

[%of

base

line]

Subject A

Time [s]0 1 2

Hoogenboom et al., Neuroimage, 2005.

Gamma-band synchronization is individual

Cha

nge

[%of

base

line]

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

Subject B Subject C

Cha

nge

[%of

base

line]

-40

-20

0

20

40

-200

-100

0

100

200

20

40

60

80

100

120

-80

-40

0

40

80

-80

-40

0

40

80

Second measurement, same subjects.

Freq

uenc

y[H

z]

Cha

nge

[%of

base

line]

Time [s]0 1 2


1 °

RF

1 °

RF

0 50 100 15020

40

60

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

20

40

60

0 50 100 150

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

1020304050

0 50 100 150

0 50 100 150

1020304050

Time [ms] Time [ms]

Freq

uenc

y[H

z]

-50-100-150

-50-100-150

-50-100-150

-50-100-150

Coherence Coherence

Freq

uenc

y[H

z]

Supra-granular layers Infra-granular layers

Targ

etch

ange

Dis

tract

erch

ange

Gamma is restricted to the superficial cortical layers.

Buffalo et al., in preparation.



Gamma drives the BOLD signal.

Niessing et al., Science, 2005.


45

27<

T-value

SAG COR

TRA

A P R L

R L

72±8 Hz

High- and low-frequency gamma-band activity have overlapping sourcesand localize similar to the BOLD signal but different from alpha- and beta-

supressions.

Hoogenboom et al.,Neuroimage,

2005.

11

7<

T-value

SAG COR

TRA

A P R L

R L

42±3 Hz

Linear correlation0.70

0.35

r(977)p < 1.5597e-029

SAG COR

TRA

A P R L

R L

-8

-14

>T-value

SAG COR

TRA

A P R L

R L

25±5 Hz

-11

-18

>

T-value

SAG COR

TRA

A P R L

R L

10±5 Hz


Pre-Stimulation versus Sustained Stimulation

Sustained Stimulation Pre-Stimulation

Finding Gamma...in LFP, MUA-LFP coherence and MUA-MUA coherence...

Fries et al., Journal of Neuroscience, 2008.


Finding Gamma...is usually easy in LFP/MEG/EEG recordings...

Fries et al., Neuron, 2008.

25

20

T-va

lues

15

20

T-va

lues

120

100

80

60

40

200 1 2

5

0

-5

Time from stimulus onset (s)

Freq

uenc

y(H

z)

Rel

ativ

ech

ange

120

100

80

60

40

200 1 2

0

1

-1


Freq

uenc

y(H

z)

Rel

ativ

ech

ange

Monkey V1 microelectrode recording

120

100

80

60

40

200 1 2

0

0.4

-0.4


Freq

uenc

y(H

z)

Rel

ativ

ech

ange

Human MEG recording

Human EEG recording

A

C

E

B

D

F


Finding Gamma...is usually difficult among single unit recordings...

Zeitler et al., Neural Computation, 2006.


Finding Gamma...is also difficult among simulated single units...

Zeitler et al., Neural Computation, 2006.


Finding gamma...can sometimes depend on the optimal analysis approach.

Fries et al., Journal of Neuroscience, 2008.


Gamma binds!

Gray et al., Nature, 1989.


a

S yn c

h ron

y(c

orr .co

eff.)

ANOVA: > 0.2P

0.010

0

0.005

0.015

M1

SameDiff.

M2 M3

31 38

28

37

84

17

Ca s

e s

Peak width (ms)

20

15

10

5

005 0 100 150 >150

b

Gamma binds?

Roelfsema et al., Nature Neuroscience, 2004.


Diff.Diff.

Diff.Diff.

SameSame

SameSame

I III

II IV

1

23

1

23

Gamma binds?

Roelfsema et al., Nature Neuroscience, 2004.

0.04

0.04

0.03

0.03

0.02

0.02

0.01

0.01

0

0–0.01

–0.01Corr. coeff. (diff.)

Cor

r .coef

f.(sa

me)

P>0.1

n =59∆ = 0.0006

0 .02

0

10

20

0

–0 .02


Conclusions:Gamma is a fundamental emergent property of activated neuronal networks.

It can be observed at many different levels of neuronal recordings. With spike-spikecoherence, optimized analysis techniques can be crucial.

Gamma-band synchronization binds neuronal representations of items that are per-ceptually grouped.

Gamma-band synchronization is modulated by a (low) theta rhythm.

In the visual system, a 3.3 Hz rhythm modulates microsaccades, and thereby gamma-band synchronization and reaction times.

Let’s investigate in my talk tomorrow how gamma might be useful for controlling com-munication in the brain.


Links: The data analysis software is available in the FieldTrip open source Matlab tool-box: www.ru.nl/fcdonders/fieldtrip.

Positions:Three postdoctoral positions and one PhD position are open in my lab.Details at: www.ru.nl/fcdonders.

Jan-MathijsSchoffelen

ThiloWomelsdorf

WolfSinger(MPI)

BobDesimone(MIT)

RobertOostenveld

Gijs vanElswijk

Thanks to:

NienkeHoogenboom

FemkeMaijDick

Stegemann

ConradoBosman

MarkusBauer

an overview of research on pascal fries - lorentz center · leiden, 27 may 2008 f.c. donders centre...

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