An Overview of the INTEX-B Science CampaignH. B. Singh, NASA Ames Research Center

INTEX-B/MILAGRO: Spring 2006 maximum Asian inflow to NA Mexico City pollution

GOAL: To understand the transport, transformation, & impacts of gases & aerosols on air quality & climate from local to global scales

Partners:U.S. (NASA, NSF, DOE), MEX, CAN, GER

(http://cloud1.arc.nasa.gov; http://www.joss.ucar.edu/milagro/)

MILAGRO

MCMA-2006

MIRAGE-Mex

MAX-Mex

INTEX-B/1INTEX-B/2 IMPEX

INTEX-B

INTEX-B OBJECTIVES

Continental Outflow: Extent & persistence of the outflow of pollution from Mexico

Transpacific Pollution: Transport and evolution of Asian pollution & implications for air quality & climate

Air Quality: Mapping of anthropogenic & biogenic emissions; relating atmospheric composition to sources & sinks

Aerosol Radiative Forcing: Characterizing effects of aerosols on solar radiation over NA & Gulf of Mexico

Satellite Validation: Validation of space-borne observations of tropospheric composition

INTEX-B/MILAGRO Platforms & Coordination

Inter-comparisons

Coordinated science flights

Sharing of forecasts & data

Joint publications

NASA DC-8 NSF C-130

NASA J-31

UW Duchess

DLR Falcon

NASA Be-200

Canadian Cessna

DOE-G1

IONS-06 sites

DC-8, J-31 & B-200 INTEX-B Payload

Mission Mgr. Console

Navigation

EQUIPMENT RACK

PROBE

ICATS

DIAL

AROTAL

LASER SYSTEM

DACOM/DLHPOP

SAFS

UNH

DCALS

UCI

PANAK

UH/LIA

ATHOSNO

GT-LIFTD-LIF

GTCIMS

PAN/OVOC

Aerosols

HOx, NO

NO, NO2NO2

SO2, HNO4 Strat O3 Lidar

PeroxidesHCHO Actinic

flux

CO/CH4

H2O

HNO3, Aero.Comp.,Hg?

O3

CO2

H2O

Trop O3/AerosolLidarNMHC

Halocarbons

HCHOSAFS

SINGH

COHENHUEY MCGEE

HEIKES

SHETTER

ANDERSONCLARKE

DIBBAVERYVAYBARRICK

FRIEDBROWELL

BLAKE

BRUNE, HUEY

DISKINSACHSEPODOLSKE

FASTOZMACDONNAPDS

TAN

J-31: Sun photometer, Solar Flux Radiometer, Cloud Absorption Radiometer, Scanning Polarimeter; B-200: HSRLidar, HySPAR, LAABS, Nadir digital camera

Model Forecasts for Flight Planning

MET dataTrajectoriesConvective influencesFires

AIRS- COMOPITT- COMODIS- AerosolGOES- clouds

GEOS-Chem (Harvard)MOZART (NCAR)RAQMS (Langley)STEM (U. Iowa)PNL (Milagro)

SAT Tracks

Model Forecasts

INTEX-B DC-8 Flight Tracks(DC-8 Bases: Houston, TX (3/1-21/2006) ; Honolulu, HI (4/17-30/2006);

Anchorage, AK (5/1-15/2006)

INTEX-B:DC-8: 145 Flight hrs;17 science flights(15 day + 2 night)

J-31: 43 Flight hours;13 Science Flights

B-200: 65 Flight hrs;18 Science Flights

Hawaii

Houston

Anchorage

Seattle

Veracruz C-130

C-130+J-31+B-200+G-1

DC-8

INTEX-B Targeted Satellite Validation Activities(CO, O3, HCHO, NO2, HNO3, H2O, HCN, Aerosol)

Aura

Aura/ others

DC-8 C-130

3/4 3/9 3/12 3/16 3/19 3/21 4/17 4/23 4/25 4/26 4/30 5/4 5/7 5/9 5/12 4/24 4/28 5/1 5/3 5/8 5/11

TES* • • • • • • • • • • • • • OMI • • • • • • • • • • • • • HIRDLS# • • MLS • • Others** • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • * TES validation for Nadir & Limb measurements over land and water # Night flights required for HIRDLS validation ** Mainly AIRS, SCIAMACHY, and MODIS

INTEX-B Flights Accomplish Multiple Objectives - Example : DC-8 Flight 16 from Anchorage

INTEX-B Flights Accomplish Multiple Objectives - Example : DC-8 Flight 16 from Anchorage

Sampling fresh & aged Asian pollution MLS validation TES-limb validation

MLS

TES-L

Asian pollution

Large concentrations of ozone in the Pacific troposphere

Multiple satellite tracksare examined for validation

TES-N spiral

TES-Limb

Dust

HNO3 0.6-0.1-0.7

P

P

P

P

Pollution sampling & TES-Limb validation: Alaska Local 3

A. Clarke, V. Kapustin, S. Howell, J. Zhou, C. McNaughton, Y. Shinozuka University of Hawaii

Dust & pollution layers- Hi Local 1 (Flt 11)

DC-8 Lidar, E. Browell, NASA, LaRC

DACOM Profile (Dotted)

DACOM w/ TES AK (Solid)

Coincident TES Profile

Nearby TES Profiles

O3, CO, & HNO3 Comparisons: TES & DC-8

CO

O3

O3

DC-8 & MLS in INTEX-B

• MLS v1.51 CO data have known high (factor ~2 bias) in 200 hPa region– Later versions of MLS processing to address this issue

• INTEX flight above confirms this and will be useful comparison dataset• Encouraging agreement on CO morphology despite bias, given MLS resolution

MLS CO

DC-8 CO

LIDAR Observations of Aerosol Plumes Near Whistler

May 11 May 14

Tom DuckAerosol Plumes

Airborne measurements reveal enhanced O3, CO & sulfate

Asian plume

O3 elevated, No CN elevation

CO

NOy

NO

H. Schlager

INTEX-B/MILAGRO Specific Tasks Accomplished Inter-comparisons between aircrafts

(DC-8/C-130/Cessna/Duchess/J-31) and flyby of ground sites (Mauna Loa, UW-Mount Bachelor, Canada-Whistler Peak etc.). 5 inter-comparisons between DC8 & C130

Extensive satellite validation of TES, OMI, HIRDLS, MLS, AIRS, SCIA, etc. (one or more per flight)

Outflow from Mexico City & tropospheric characterization over the Gulf

Source (boundary layer) characterization of Mexico City pollution

Sampling of fresh & aged Asian transpacific pollution from Hi & Anchorage

Quasi-lagrangian studies/chemical aging experiments over the Gulf & the Pacific utilizing DC-8 & C-130

Some Observations

INTEX-B/Milagro has completed all of the planned tasks to achieve its objectives of:Providing a comprehensive and unified data set to

determine the composition of MC & Asian pollution plumes, their persistence, & transformation

Validating satellite observations of tropospheric composition

Relating atmospheric composition to anthropogenic & biogenic emissions

Testing chemical transport models & their forecasts

Some Questions?

How do the in-situ measurements from different instruments & platforms intercompare? How do we synthesize and relate data from multiple platforms?

How do models in forecast and analysis modes intercompare with each other and with observations?

How useful were the satellite validation flights? Have we contributed to further improvements in satellite data?

How usefully can the satellite data be integrated with the aircraft & surface data to extend coverage?

How successful were the quasi-lagrangian experiments and what did we learn from them?

Some Questions? (cont.)

Can we use INTEX-B data (& models) to further constrain estimates of anthropogenic & biogenic emissions?

Are the observed HOx and precursor (peroxides and CH2O) concentrations consistent with current understanding?

What are the factors controlling the outflow of pollution (especially NOx, O3, and aerosol) to the Pacific and the Gulf of Mexico?

What have we learnt about direct and indirect effects of aerosol on radiative forcing?

Platform & partner evolution