an unsettled world his 1130 rethinking cultures and reimagining nations between 1890 and 1914 what...
TRANSCRIPT
An Unsettled WorldHis 1130
Rethinking Cultures and Reimagining Nations between
1890 and 1914
What was happening with indigenous peoples within these
nations?
Attendance Reading QuizCoates: Military Struggle and Identity
Formation, 1-325% each 1. How did Afro and Indigenous-Colombian
experiences in armed conflicts in Cauca between 1851-1877 differ?
2. How did Walker’s filibuster change conditions for Afro-Nicaraguans?
3. How was Afro-Cuban revolutionary potential limited?
4. What did you learn from these chapters?
A. Progress and Upheaval
Rapid economic progress and opportunity of times lead to tensions throughout world.
Europe and US: left-wing radicals and middle-class reformers Colonized areas, resentment directed against colonial rulers China, Mexico, Russia, peasants, subaltern peoples toppled
aristocratic regimes in revolutionsWhy did such regimes represent colonialism?Profound social & economic transformations in lives of womenDevelopments in arts and sciences added to feeling of unease:
uneven spread of “progress”State attempts to unify nations led to the Great War of 1914
B. Discontent with Imperialism
1. Unrest in AfricaAfrica witnessed many anti-colonial uprisingsEast Africa (Kenya) resistance intense,
savage British punitive expeditions
Most devastating of all South Africa: British against Afrikaners (Dutch)
South African War (Boer War) 1899-1902
Violence again indigenous peopleGerman colonies in S.W. Africa, (Present
Namibia) 1904-6, warfare of genocide against Herero and San peoples See Coates, 19Also Maji-Maji revolt in German East Africa
What was culture like inthe Kalahari Desert?
2. Boxer Rebellion in China
Japan, Britain, France, Germany, Russia scrambled for concessions
Boxer Uprising of 1897, tied to missionary activities
Aug 1900, foreign army 20,000 men crushed Boxers
(Jap, Russ, Br, Gr, Fr, US)Forced China sign Boxer Protocol 1901
C. Worldwide Insecurities
Most Europeans ignored signs of unrest, faith in their superiority
Conflicts at home tore European and North American confidence
Political & military rivalry, ups & downs of Industrial Economies
Problems of uncontrolled industrialization
1. Imperial Rivalries Come Home -multiple conflicts b/w European Powers
2. Financial, Industrial, and Technological Insecurities
US and Europe dominated world economicallyHuge capitalized firms, cycles of boom
and bustFinancial circuits and industrialization
linked nations (exp. Porfirio Díaz Regime, Mexico)
3. Urbanization and Its Discontents
City and city life epitomized modern era at turn of century, Buenos Aires, Rio de Janeiro: revolts of 1904
D. The “Woman” Question Politics of domesticity, missionaries preached in favor
New jobs: teachers, secretaries, typists, store clerks, phone operators
1900, 40% college grads were womenMost important change: control over
reproductionBirth rate dropped in half during 19th Century
Still, most women in world were disenfranchised
5. Class Conflict in a New Key
Capitalism’s new dynamism and volatility shook confidence in free-markets
In Latin America, workers turned to syndicalism, socialism, anarchism for urban proletariat
Upheavals in 1905 in Russia, and Mexican Revolution of 1910, Porfirio Díaz
E. Cultural Modernism
1. Popular Culture comes of Age2. Europe’s Cultural Modernism
Emile Durkheim Sigmund Freud Charles Darwin
More changers of cultures
Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900)Gustav Le Bon
“
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“rationality without passion = machine idiocy”
F. Cultural Modernism in China
Chinese also caught up in debate over what it meant to be “modern”
Self-conscious pursuit of single, Western-oriented modernity
Portraits, fantasy novels: forsake scholarly traditions, or exist alongside science?
Scholars saw Western science as way to acquire national wealth & power rather than as a means for understanding world.