ana maría hernandez
TRANSCRIPT
Well Architecture vs. Reservoir Architecture: Key Aspectsand potential applications in Venezuelan Reservoirs
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Source: (1) Robison, SPE 38497, 1997
By: Ana María Hernandez
If we imagine an area with all possiblefacies architectures ...
Reservoir Architecture...is the three-dimensional morphology of the reservoirs as defined by its geometry, dimensions, orientations and lateral and vertical heterogeneities (1)
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Basic Concept
Source:modified from Terrigenous Clastic Depositional Systems,chapter 16,fig.16.6,p. 434,Galloway,W;Hobday,D (1996).
Common reservoir architectures: Common reservoir architectures: What is the best well configuration?What is the best well configuration?
MultilateralMultilateral Fishbone/StackedFishbone/Stacked
Dual lateralDual lateral MultibranchMultibranch
Knowledge of the geometries, dimensions and orientations of the reservoirs is a key aspect to design wells with complex architecture
Source (1a,1 b,1c,1d): modified from Terrigenous Clastic Depositional Systems,chapter 15,fig.16.6,p. 401,404,408,Galloway,W;Hobday,D (1996).
Scale: 10Scale: 10-1-1 to 10 to 1022 Km Km22
LOW MODERATE HIGH
LOW
Wave-dominated Delta
Tidal depositsMeander Belt
Fluvial Dominated
MODERATEEolian
Distal Delta Front
Braided Stream, Tide Dominated
HIGHTurbidites Braid Delta
Fluvial Dominated Delta
Lateral Heterogeneity
Vert
ical H
ete
rog
en
eit
y
Compartmentalized
Unconnected
Laterally bypassed
Low recovery efficiency,
Design infill drilling
and recompletions
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In general, Venezuelan Reservoirs present high lateral and vertical heterogeneities, so we should search the best technological options
to optimize our recovery strategiesSource: modified from (1) The Three-dimensional facies architecture of terrigenous clastic sediments and its implication for hydrocarbon
discovery and recovery. Concepts in Sedimentology and Paleontology. Miall,A;Tyler,N. Chapter 1, p.4 t. 1-2 (1991)
Reservoir Heterogeneities
It is common to observe:
- Complex Channel Geometry
and Bedding Character
- Abrupt changes in Lateral/ Vertical
relationship of facies
Also...- Channel Patterns are frequently modified by tectonism
At Reservoir Scale....
Source (1): modified from Terrigenous Clastic Depositional Systems,chapter 4,fig.4.13,p.79,Galloway,W;Hobday,D (1996).(2)The Geology of Fluvial Deposits, Miall(1996) Chapter 11,p.349,fig. 11.8
Knowledge of the Petroleum Production System and Reservoir Compartmentalization will help to design the
bestReservoir Recovery Strategies
Petroleum Production System Reservoir Compartmentalization
Key Aspects
Source: modified from Petroleum Production System,Chapter 1,p.11,fig.1-6, Economides,M;Hill,D;Ehlig-Economides,C (1993). (2) The Three-dimensional facies architecture of terrigenous clastic sediments and its implication for hydrocarbon discovery and recovery. Concepts in Sedimentology and Paleontology. Miall,A;Tyler,N. Chapter 1, p.5 fig.6-b (1991)
Fracturas axialesFracturas axialesFracturas transversalesFracturas transversales
EsfuerzoEsfuerzoverticalvertical
Esfuerzos horizontales minimosEsfuerzos horizontales minimos
Esfuerzos horizontales máximosEsfuerzos horizontales máximos
KICK-OFF POINT
60°/100 ft
20°/100 ft
10°/100 ft
Horizontal Well at Midpoint
74 ft362 ft846 ft
20 ft
40 ft
Geomechanics
The match between geological and geomecanical data is important to get the best well orientation
Geological data contribute also in the selection of the:- Junction type- Well trajectory- Drainage points- Kick-off point- Radius type- Longitude of laterals- Orientation of laterals- Well type- Completion System
Important issues in the design of complex architecture wells
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Source: (1) Longbottom, SPE 36994 (1996)
Increasing Degree of Geologic Assurance
I ncreasi n
g E
con
om
ic Feasi b
il it y
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Automation Advanced Drilling
Environmental
Platforms
ArcticSubsea
Floating Systems
Gas Processing
Conv. drilling
Liquidprocessing
Sand Control
Acid.
Fracturing
Perf.Chem. Treat.
Subsurface equip.
Low Med High
Low
Med
Hig
hTechnology proficiencyTechnology proficiency
Tech
nolo
gy p
ote
nti
al
Tech
nolo
gy p
ote
nti
al
(2)
Identified Demostrated UndiscoveredMeasured Indicated Inferred
EconomicPrimary Oil field
New Field primary/secondary
Sub-Economic
Old Field Tertiary
New Field Tertiary
Secondary Oil FieldReserves
Resources
Economical and Technological aspects
Source: (1) Federal Energy Administration, National Energy Outlook,1976; (2) Oligney,R; Economides,M; Technology as an asset, Hart´petroleum Engineer International,1998
International experiences with MTL technology
Prudhoe Bay UnitAlaska, USA(3)
East Wilminton FieldCA, USA(2)
Weyburn UnitSaskatchewan
Canadá(6)
Statfjord, Alison, Beryl,Tern, Troll, Forties,Gullfaks, Pickerill, K14-FB and Harding Fields; North Sea (10-17)
Burbank FieldOK,USA(5)
South Furious Field Malaysia (8)
Funiwa FieldNigeria(4)
Bongkot FieldThailand(9)
Siedenburg Field ,Germany(7)
Sandstone ReservoirsCarbonate ReservoirsGranite
Bachaquero,Cabimas,Morichal and Bare Fields
Venezuela(1)
Source: (1) Tirado et al,Perforacion no convencional,1998;(2) Brister, SPE 38268,1997;(3) Aubert,IADC/SPE 39388,1998; (4) Aloko et al,SPE 48843,1998;(5) Ellis,SPE 37493;(6) Hart´s Petroleum Engineer International,1997; (8)Wong et al, SPE 38030,1997; (9) Goffart, Petrol Tech n°416,p 49-53,1998;(10) Andreassen et al,IADC/SPE 39329,1998;(11) Hands et al,SPE 50394,1998;(12) Roberts et al,SPE 50663,1998;(13)Njaerheim et al,IADC/SPE 39356;(14)Freeman et al,IADC/SPE 39369,1998; (15) McLellan et al,SPE 50676, 1998;(16) Bokhari et al,SPE 38629,1997; (17) Jones et al,OTC 8534,1997
Field: South Furious, Sabah MalaysiaReservoir Type: sand-shale oil sequences/faultedOperator: ShellWell Type: MultilateralDeep: 3500 ft
Objective: “to connect reservoir compartments and to increase the drainage area in an infill project ”
(Wong,Boon, Chia, Chong, SPE 38030, 1997)
International MTL experiences in sandstone reservoirs
x
z
3D VIEW Y
Field: K 14-FB 102Reservoir Type: Gas Bearing Rotliegend SandstoneOperator: ShellWell Type: Dual LateralDeep: 2500 ft
International MTL experiences in sandstone reservoirs
Objective: “ to optimize production capacity and Objective: “ to optimize production capacity and reservoir drainage for a tight formation”reservoir drainage for a tight formation”
(Hands,Francis,Whittle,Rajasingam, SPE 50394, 1998)(Hands,Francis,Whittle,Rajasingam, SPE 50394, 1998)
International MTL experiences in sandstone reservoirs
Field: Tern , northern North SeaReservoir Type: Deltaic oil sand, Middle Jurassic Brent GroupOperator: ShellWell Type: MultilateralDeep: 9000 ft
Objective: “to enhance profitability of the field by the Objective: “to enhance profitability of the field by the exploitation of poorer quality formations ”exploitation of poorer quality formations ”
(Roberts, Kirkwood, SPE 50663, 1998)(Roberts, Kirkwood, SPE 50663, 1998)
Fuente: (1) Campo Cabimas alternativa de desarrollo mediante módulos multipozos , EPC-7235, R. Faria ; L. Rondón . Caracas, Mayo 1983,(2) Perforación direccional de pozos desde una localización común, IT-9267, Salazar J. Arturo G. Villasmil H. Lagunillas , Feb. 1983(3) Factibilidad de utilización de taladros inclinados para perforación desde módulos multipozos ,Informe del grupo de trabajo. Casona J., Finol A., Mariño E., Farias , López R.Septiembre 1982, (4) Boletín RIPPET, Vol.. 1, N° 1 Marzo 1983.; (5) Perforación de pozos multilaterales,. Experiencias de aplicación en Vzla . INT-5934, 1999. (6)Perforación no convencional, SIT-00059,96 (6) Espinosa M., Conoco /maraven ´s Financing effort on petrozuata sets String of benchmarks ,Oíl & Gas Journal , 96:8,2/23/99 (7)Borjas K.; et al INT-3804,97 (8) Larez N.IT-9458, Nov.. 1983.
Evolution of the MTL drilling in Venezuela
1981-82 1983.... 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
* Maraven drilled 4scattered directional wells in Lagunillas Field (1)
*Maraven designed a conceptual development of Cabimas Field under multiple surface arrangement
* Maraven, Cabimas Field, well R-823 with 4 laterals. Sanding problems (5-6)
* Bachaquero Field,w ell BA-2186; three laterls and a production of 640 BPND. Sanding problems, w ell is shut off (5)
* Motatan Field,well location AD-22-2 is planned as a multilateral (7)
* Petrozuata (financial parnership between PDVSA and CONOCO) is drilling MTL wells in Heavy oil reservoirs of the O.B. (6)
* Phillips/ PDVSA is drilling a deep MTL well in Maracaibo
* Multiple well drilling is adapted from deviated or conventional directional drilling (4)
(1680 MMb of remanent
reserves) (1-3)
* Bare Field,OB, well MBF-445; main hole and a 1500 ft. Long lateral (5)
* A dual lateral well drilled in Morichal , well MPG-59. Well is shut off.
* Several exploitation units are planning to include MTL well in their exploitation plans
* Directional drilling: methodology and logistic (8)
*Mara field, well DM-152, open hole (850 BPND)
MaraDM-152
BachaqueroBA-2186
Cabimas R-823
MorichalMPG-59Bare
Junction and Lateral CollapseSand Production /Cementation
Water Production
Sand Production at the junction
Drilling and Completion problems
Junction andLateral CollapseSand Production
Main Problem: The Junction
Previous MTL wells in PDVSA,VenezuelaWhy MTL technology has had relative success?
Identification of reservoir types and their production problems in each
Exploitation Unit (E.U.). Where could MLT be applied in Venezuela?
Multidisciplinary Technology TeamFirst Step: Candidate Recognition
Maracaibo Basin (12 E.U.)Maracaibo Basin (12 E.U.)
Eastern Basin (12 E.U.)Eastern Basin (12 E.U.)
Apure-Barinas Basin (2 E.U.)Apure-Barinas Basin (2 E.U.)Orinoco Belt (4 E.Orinoco Belt (4 E.U.)U.)
Screening Criteria:
-Shallow Reservoirs (< 10000 Ft)
-Reservoirs with Horizontal wells
-Reservoirs with specific production
problems where MTL are recommended
-E.U. with integrated studies
Venezuelan Exploitation UnitsVenezuelan Exploitation Units
WESTERN EXPLOITATION UNITS SOUTH E. U. ORINOCO BELT E.U.Distrito Lagunillas Distrito Maracaibo Distrito Tia J uana Apure Cerro NegroBarua Motatan Tierra Oeste Tia J uana Lago Barinas Zuata
Bachaquero Lago La Salina Tierra Este HamacaLagocinco Lagomar Lagunillas Lago MacheteLagotreco Lagomedio
Centro Sur Lago EASTERN EXPLOITATION UNITS
Distrito Maturin Distrito Punta de Mata Distrito Anaco Distrito San Tome Distrito MorichalEl Furrial Carito/Amana Gas/Condensate Light-Medium MediumNorth Pirital Light/Medium Heavy Heavy-X heavy
Extra-heavy Bitumen
Exploitation Units Pre-Selected to apply MTL Technology
WESTERN EXPLOITATION UNITS SOUTH E. U. ORINOCO BELT E.U.
Distrito Lagunillas Distrito Maracaibo Distrito Tia J uana Apure Cerro NegroBarua Motatan TIERRA OESTE Tia J uana Lago Barinas ZUATA
BACHAQUERO LAGO La Salina TIERRA ESTE HamacaLagocinco Lagomar Lagunillas Lago Machete
Lagotreco Lagomedio
Centro Sur Lago
EASTERN EXPLOITATION UNITSDistrito Maturin Distrito Punta de Mata Distrito Anaco Distrito San Tome Distrito Morichal
El Furrial Carito/Amana Gas/Condensate Light-Medium Medium
North Pirital Light/Medium Heavy HEAVY/X-HEAVYX-HEAVY Bitumen
Mara
Barúa-Motatán
Eoceno Frac Bachaquero - 02
Tía Juana ( tierra/lago) Orocual
Sta Bárbara
Melones
Bare
Carito Norte
Acema 200
Chimire
Morichal
Santa Rosa
LagomarPirital
BorburataCampos tradicionales
Barinas
In ProgressIn Progress
Proposals 2000+Proposals 2000+
Pre- selectedPre- selected
Cabimas
Reservoir candidates to apply MTL technology (2000-2006: +/- 20 reservoirs)
Geographic LocationGeographic Location
ANACO/SAN TOME AREAANACO/SAN TOME AREAIncrease Recovery FactorIncrease Recovery Factor
in Gas-Condensate/compartmentalized Reservoirsin Gas-Condensate/compartmentalized Reservoirs
TRADITIONAL FIELDS (BARINAS)TRADITIONAL FIELDS (BARINAS)Water ConingWater Coning
Carbonate reservoirsCarbonate reservoirs
ORINOCO BELTORINOCO BELTHeavy Oil: New Exploitation PlansHeavy Oil: New Exploitation Plans
for enhanced crudesfor enhanced crudes
Future Plans: MTL Technology Opportunities in PDVSA, VenezuelaWhat are the challenges?
MAIN ISSUES:
- Junction Type
-Well Architecture vs. Reservoir Architecture
-Completion System
-To design New Exploitation Plans
MARACAIBO FIELDSMARACAIBO FIELDSPressure Decline,Pressure Decline,compartments,compartments,
selective Productionselective Production
AMZW
AKAQ
Motatan Field, Maracaibo
Dome South NorthOOIP: 1458 690 MMBLs
Reserves: 367 93 MMBLs
R. Press: 3400 3200 (LPC)
Deep: 8900 8320 Feet
Porosity: 12 11 (%)
Permeability: 40 25 mD
API° Gravity: 19 21
Objective: To produce unconnected zones due toObjective: To produce unconnected zones due toStructural/Stratified Reservoirs where MTL wellsStructural/Stratified Reservoirs where MTL wells
are recommendedare recommended
( Felix Díaz)( Felix Díaz)
LENS-1
LENS-2
LENS-3
LENS-4
BA-127 BA-59
BA-231
BA-227
Area: 25555 acresNet Thickness: 235 feetPorosity: 29 %Permeability: 1500 mDAPI° Gravity: 15OOIP: 9000 MMBLsProductionOil: 1608 MMBLsGas: 968202 MMPCsOil Reserves (12/98) 2678 MMBLS
Objective: To Substitute twin wells for stacked wells/SAGD configuration for steam injection
Bachaquero -02 Field, Maracaibo
(Juan Herrera)(Juan Herrera)
Melones Field, Eastern VenezuelaMelones Field, Eastern Venezuela
OOIP: 826,1 MMBLs
Reserves: 90,8 MMBLs
R. Pressure: 1290 (lpc)
Deep: 3500 feet
Por. : 28 %
K: 700 mD
API° Gravity: 10-12
Recovery factor: 11 %
Objective: To increase recovery factor in
compartmentalized fluvial-deltaic reservoir where
Dual lateral wells are suggested
(Magalys Araujo)(Magalys Araujo)