anaerobic digestion: a sustainable technology...anaerobic digestion: a sustainable technology ann c....
TRANSCRIPT
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Anaerobic Digestion: A Sustainable Technology
Ann C. Wilkie Soil and Water Science Department
University of Florida-IFAS [email protected]
2013 BioEnergy Symposium IDEAS Center, UNC Charlotte
April 9, 2013
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Natural Resources
Waste
Greenhouse Gases
Biodiversity
Energy Human Health
Water
The Dimensions of Sustainability
Community
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Electrical and/or thermal energy
Biofertilizer
Organic wastes Anaerobic
digestion Biogas
Solar energy
Animal husbandry
Biofuel production
Crop harvesting
Industrial processing
Human consumption
Photosynthesis
H2O CO2
Biogas Cycle
Energy crops
Natural gas pipeline
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Methanogenesis
Complex Organic Carbon
Monomers & Oligomers
Organic Acids
Acetate – H2 / CO2
CH4 + CO2
Hydrolysis
Acidogenesis
Acetogenesis
Anaerobic Digestion
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Methanogens
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Biofilm
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BIOGAS PLANT
CORE TECHNOLOGY
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Feedstocks • Animal manures • Agro-Industrial wastewaters • Municipal wastewaters • Municipal solid wastes • Biofuels by-products • Energy crops / crop residues
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Benefits of Anaerobic Digestion • Renewable energy • BOD/COD reduction • Odor reduction • Pathogen reduction • Nutrient conservation • Greenhouse gas reduction
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ANAEROBIC vs AEROBIC PROCESSES
• Loadings not restricted by rate of oxygen transfer
• Not restricted by high cost of oxygen transfer • Usable end product in the form of methane gas • Less biological solids production per pound of
BODR • Less land area required due to smaller
footprint
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GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY
• Tolerant – varied feedstock capability
• Scalable – custom sizing
• Flexible – rapid restart after seasonal idling
• Universal – worldwide application
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National Biodigester Programme Cambodia (July 2010)
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Biodigestion in Honduras (September 2012)
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Anaerobic digesters
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Where is the flame the brightest?
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• Food waste represents a significant component of the municipal waste stream.
• Most of this food waste is hauled to landfills.
• A practical alternative is to use food waste as a feedstock for anaerobic digestion to produce energy in the form of biogas.
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Current open-loop food-waste-to-landfill system
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FERMENTATION
DISTILLATION
BIOGAS
STILLAGE
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
BIOETHANOL
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TRANSESTERIFICATION
PRESS CAKE
BIODIESEL
Oil pressing
CRUDE GLYCEROL
Washing
WASTE OIL
VIRGIN OIL
CRUDE BIODIESEL
WASHWATER
METHANOL + KOH
Anaerobic Digestion
BIOGAS
OIL CROPS ALGAE
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CLOSED LOOP
DAIRY / FEEDLOT BIOETHANOL PLANT
ANAEROBIC DIGESTER
MANURE BIOGAS
FEED
STILLAGE
Co-location Synergies
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WATER
SUNLIGHT
Energy Crops
Biogas Plant
Biofertilizer
CO2
CO2 WATER
Methane
Green Grass to Green Gas
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Crops for Biogas
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BIOGAS and ALGAE
• Nutrient-rich effluent from biogas production can be used for mass cultivation of algae
• CO2 supplied from biogas combustion promotes algal growth.
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Feedstock for Anaerobic Digesters
• Increase gas production
• Increase electricity generation
• Facilitate co-digestion by capturing imported nutrients
Opportunities for Algae
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Municipal Wastewater Treatment
• Today: Aerobic + Anaerobic
• Future: Anaerobic + Aerobic
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Building capacity for the future
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Anaerobic Digestion: A Sustainable Technology
Ann C. Wilkie Soil and Water Science Department
University of Florida-IFAS [email protected]
2013 BioEnergy Symposium IDEAS Center, UNC Charlotte
April 9, 2013