anaerobic soil disinfestation (asd) in florida erin … mbao...cut flowers first year of study-...
TRANSCRIPT
Erin Rosskopf, Nancy Kokalis-Burelle, Jason Hong, and David Butler
Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation (ASD) in Florida
MBAO
November 2012
Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation
• Carol Shennan and Joji Muramoto, UC Santa Cruz Momma, N., 2008. Biological soil disinfestation (BSD) of soilborne pathogens and its possible mechanisms. Japan
Agric. Res. Quart. 42, 7-12.
Momma, N., Yamamoto, K., Simandi, P., Shishido, M., 2006. Role of organic acids in the mechanisms of biological
soil disinfestation (BSD). J. Gen. Plant Path. 72, 247-252.
Messiha, N., Van Diepeningen, A., Wenneker, M., Van Beuningen, A., Janse, J., Coenen, T., Termorshuizen, A., Van
Bruggen, A., Blok, W., 2007. Biological soil disinfestation (BSD), a new control method for potato brown rot,
caused by Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2. Eur. J. Plant Path. 117, 403-415.
Florida Replicated Repeated Field
Trials
Factorial Experiment-Pepper/Eggplant Double Crop (2 years)
“Standard ASD” vs. 1,3-D etc.-Strawberry (2 years)
*CPL, Molasses, 2” clear tarp followed by opaque tarp
“Standard ASD” under multiple tarp types-mixed crops (2 years)
“Standard ASD” on “the flat”-Cut Flowers (starting 2nd year)
*Many demonstration plots, home and school gardens,
greenhouse, and microplot studies
Data Collection
Cumulative Redox Potential-Eh
pH
Culturable soil fungi-pathogens and non-pathogens
Weed populations and biomass
Plant parasitic and non-parasitic nematodes in soil and crop roots
Disease incidence
Crop Yield
Vegetable Post-harvest Fruit Quality
Total DNA for microbial community analysis
The Process
Composted broiler litter
(9T/A) applied to “false bed”
Molasses (3.5T/A dry
matter)
The Process
Incorporate amendments, lay drip lines and solarization plastic, BAKE WELL.
Vegetable trials
• Complete factorial (split-split plot) – Initial irrigation (none, 2”, 4”)
– Composted poultry litter (unamended vs. amended)
– Molasses (unamended vs. amended)
• Treatments solarized during treatment period
• Untreated and MeBr (200 lbs acre-1, 67:33) controls included, covered with metalized plastic film (not solarized)
Cumulative Redox Potential
Differential Responses
Fungal Plant Pathogens
@4.5 mg C/g soil
Differential Responses
Fungal Plant Pathogens
Butler et al., 2012. Plant Soil 355:149-
165.
Impact on plant-parasitic
nematodes
• M. incognita
populations
reduced by
molasses and/or
litter amendment
• Initial irrigation
important
Butler et al., Crop Protection 39(1):33-40. 2012.
Importance of Each Component
Total weed biomass
Small, negative correlation between Eh and weed biomass (r=-0.3)
Plastic Types • Clear plastics
– Guardian (Olefinas 1.5 mil)
– TIF (Raven 1.8 mil)
– Bromostop (Rimini 1.4mil)
• Opaque plastics
– Pliant Blockade (Blk 1.25)
– TIF (Raven, Blk 1.8 mil)
– HDPE (Hilex)
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000C
um
ula
tive r
ed
ox p
ote
nti
al
(mV
hr)
EH
*
*
0200400600800
10001200140016001800
To
tal
em
erg
ed
/m
Nutsedge
A
B
C C C
Power Nutsedge
Strawberry Trials
Joe Noling, Frank Sances, Brad Booker, Balaji Agave
Introduced inoculum packets
Observation of Trichoderma infection of microsclerotia
Without sap testing
Poor distribution of inputs
Food Safety?
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
CPL Horse-L Pellets Horse-H UTC
Cu
mu
lati
ve r
ed
ox p
ote
nti
al
(mV
hr)
BC
AB
AB A
C
EH
Cut Flowers
First year of study-
ASD-good nematode control, moderate weed control, good pathogen control
0
50
100
150
200
250
MeBr ASD Steam 1 Steam 2
Dianthus
Weeds (Kg)
total stems
a
b b b
B
C
A
BC
Harvest complete 3-13-2011
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
MeBr ASD Steam 1 Steam 2
Delphinium
Weeds (Kg)
total stems
c a b bc
A A
B
B
Harvest complete 3-14-11
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
MeBr ASD Steam 1 Steam 2
Snapdragons
Weeds (Kg)
total stems
a b b b
Harvest complete 2-29-11
Summary
Have to do the process in one day
Repeated applications increased OM and anaerobicity
Solarization is important for weed control
Inputs could potentially be tailored to pests present and food safety concerns-
Replace CPL with mustard, soybean meal, or pasteurized CPL?
May be possible to eliminate two plastic laying events with TIF in vegetables
Excellent opportunity for BC incorporation
Potential to reduce in-bed rates of inputs with high temperatures
Need more work on non-raised bed crops, varieties of cut flowers
Need more mechanization of application for Florida
The Importance of Scale
Acknowledgements
• Partial funding provided by USDA, NIFA Methyl Bromide Transitions
(2007-51102-03854 and 2010-51102-21707)
• Drs. Greg McCollum and Joe Albano
• Kate Rotindo, Bernardette Stange, Melissa Sallstrom, Pragna Patel, Greg
Hess, Jackie Markle, Chris Lasser, Loretta Myers, Steve Mayo, Robert Ritten
Thank you!