An introduction using Schubert Lieder

Analysing and understanding vocal music

the composer’s interpretation of the text, through techniques of word setting;

the expressive use of tonality in this interpretation;

the contribution of the accompaniment to the interpretation; and

features of interpretation in the performance

Things to consider:

Poem by J. W. Goethe based on Danish legends and folk talesMost famous setting by F. Schubert (op.1) composed in 1815

Listening to Erlkönig by F. Schubert:

Der Erlkönig, Albert Sterner, ca. 1910

Who are the key characters?

Schubert writes for one singer. How does use music to distinguish one character from other?

Narrator

Father

Son

Erlkönig

Horse

Consider:

•tonality used for each

character

•range for each character

Preliminary consideration

What is the structure of this piece? How is it defined?

How does this differ from music you have studied before?

Try and identify changes of section (perhaps defined by key change) in order to answer the first question.

Structure

What is meant by word setting?

Syllabic Melismatic RepetitionNote values

How does Schubert set the words for this poem? Break this down into each character

Word setting

What can you say in general about the tonality and harmony of this piece in contrast to music from the classical period?

Identify the keys through which the music passes. Can you relate them to each other? Or can you relate them to the characters?

Expressive use of tonality

How does Schubert use newer harmonies to enhance his setting of this poem?

Chromaticism- Diminished chords (Bar 14 and also “Mein Vater”)

- Dissonance (“Mein Vater”)

- “Foreign” chords (“Ich liebe dich, mich reizt deine

schöne Gestalt”)

“New” Harmonies

How is the piano used to reflect the dark nature of the poem?

Find examples of the different styles of accompaniment in the piece.

How do they create contrast in the piece? Are there any links in the accompaniment and the character singing?

The use of accompaniment in the interpretation.

Are there any other features to add to the discussion?

Consider the use of voice. What demands does this piece compared with other vocal pieces you know?

How does Schubert create a dramatic ending which meets the demands of the text.

Features of interpretation