analysing crime-scene reports katerina pastra and horacio saggion university of sheffield scene of...
TRANSCRIPT
Analysing Crime-Scene Reports
Katerina Pastra and Horacio Saggion
University of Sheffield
Scene of Crime Information System
Outline
Project Overview SOCIS Architecture Corpus Linguistic Analysis Pointers
Project Overview
Domain: Scene of Crime Investigation (SOC)
Main Features :
1. Multimedia briefingSummarisation of text and images
2. GenerationOf formal reports & of photo albums
3. Intelligent Search
2000 - 2003
Project Overview (2)
Other systems for Crime Investigation:
Academic R&D Projects
Governmental agencies’ Systems
Commercial Systems
BUT: SOCIS brings ‘intelligence’ to CI systems
The ‘Digital Evidence in Court’ issue:
Authenticity has to be verified
Recently accepted in court
A view of SOCIS 143462
F
14 : 03 : 01
Offence: SUD Officer i/c: Pc Black
Location: 38 West Rd. Sheffield
Time Attended: 10:30 S.O.C.O Nick Helpful
Vehicle Reg. No: Stolen from: Found Abandoned:
Marks found (full description) FP Result
A
B
C
D
E
Number of Elimination Points Names and numbers of Police staff attending
Supplied CID/40As Left
M.O and Observations of examining officer - including instrument marks, tyre marks, footwearImpressions,, etc. together with details of Forensic samples/photographs taken
Attended the above location and examined scene of sudden death.
Body was clothed and lying on ground with large amount of blood around head on
Right side. A single base shotgun was lying on ground approximately 3’ from body.
2 spent cartridges were lying on ground either side of body.
Under body were 2 plastic bags with large number of cartridges. A small blood splatter
Was on wall behind body.
O720 called for supervision
0725 Photographed scene and body
NH/1 Single base shotgun with spent cartridge in breach
NH/2 Spent cartridge lying on ground to left of body
NH/3 Spent cartridge lying on ground to right of body
NH/4 8 live loose cartridges lying on ground under body
NH/4 10 line cartridges lying on ground under body in plastic bag
NH/5 Large number of live cartridges lying on ground under body in plastic bag
South Yorkshire Police
Scientific Support ServicesRef. No.
Date:
SP 746 MAR 00
CID/57
+
Image processing Text processing
Integrated Knowledge
Base
Text Processing
- Text Corpus
- Information Extraction system
>> Named Entities Recognition
>> Co-reference Resolution
Need:
Linguistic Analysis of the Language at the SOC
• Lexical Information
• Morphosyntactic Information
•Semantic Information
The Corpus
4 days spent with a SOCO:
12 scenes visited * 2 complete case files examined * official documentation collected
Official documentation :
SOC Reports = 77
Photo Indexes = 300
Witness Statements = 14
Reported SOC Information :
Press Association = 792
Washington Post = 233
Crime Watch = 8
NEEDED
Reports - Photo indexes Witness statements
Photographs
For the same case For major crime
Of significant quantity
Examples143462
F
14 : 03 : 01
Offence: SUD Officer i/c: Pc Black
Location: 38 West Rd. Sheffield
Time Attended: 10:30 S.O.C.O Nick Helpful
Vehicle Reg. No: Stolen from: Found Abandoned:
Marks found (full description) FP Result
A
B
C
D
E
Number of Elimination Points Names and numbers of Police staff attending
Supplied CID/40As Left
M.O and Observations of examining officer - including instrument marks, tyre marks, footwearImpressions,, etc. together with details of Forensic samples/photographs taken
Attended the above location and examined scene of sudden death.
Body was clothed and lying on ground with large amount of blood around head on
Right side. A single base shotgun was lying on ground approximately 3’ from body.
2 spent cartridges were lying on ground either side of body.
Under body were 2 plastic bags with large number of cartridges. A small blood splatter
Was on wall behind body.
O720 called for supervision
0725 Photographed scene and body
NH/1 Single base shotgun with spent cartridge in breach
NH/2 Spent cartridge lying on ground to left of body
NH/3 Spent cartridge lying on ground to right of body
NH/4 8 live loose cartridges lying on ground under body
NH/4 10 line cartridges lying on ground under body in plastic bag
NH/5 Large number of live cartridges lying on ground under body in plastic bag
South Yorkshire PoliceScientific Support Services
Ref. No.
Date:
SP 746 MAR 00
CID/57
Ref: 978675
Scenes of Crime Department
Photographic Index
Subject : Fatal R.T.A
Date : 30 - 12 - 97
Photographer : James Davis
1 - 4 Show Blackburn Road Rotherham looking in the general direction of Tusley
5 Shows Blackburn Road looking in the opposite direction (towards Ecclesfield)
6 Shows Vauxhall Cavalier C666HET together with pedal cycle in Blackburn Road
7 Shows damage to Vauxhall Cavalier
8 Shows damage to pedal cycle
9 View of foot - bridge
SOC Language Characteristics
General Characteristics:
Telegraphic
Descriptive
Accurate
Objective
Special text type : Reports
Lexical Information
Characteristics:
- Extensive use of abbreviations
- Jargon
Creation of Word - Lists (gazetteers):
- Based on PITO’s CDM
- Over 200 lists (domain + general)
Words of interest are assigned a semantic category
Morphosyntactic Features Extensive Ellipsis
Simple temporal dimensions
Limited co-ordination
Sub-ordination avoided
POS : NPs, PPs
Adjuncts of place - time, Qualifiers
For identifying entities of interest automatically, we need to write specific rules using:
The word lists + Context Information
Modelling (1) OFFENCES
MURDER
VIOLENT ASSAULT
ROBBERY …..
TIME ORGANISATIONS ACTIVITIES
DATE
commercial official…governmental criminaljudicialeducational…
PERSONS EVIDENCE
SOCPERSONS
NAMES ROLESUSPECT
OCCUPATION BODY PARTS OFFENDER
VICTIM…PHYSICAL
CHARACTERISTICS
colour (eye colour, skin colour, hair colour…)agesexnationality
SCENE OF CRIME
date people involved time location evidence
Modelling (2) EVIDENCE
CONDITION OF EVIDENCE
FUNCTIONAL EVIDENCE
CONDITION OF THE BODY
POSITION OF THE EVIDENCE
POSITIONAL EVIDENCE
POSITION OF THE BODY
REAL EVIDENCE
CHATTELS (any moveable property: clothing…) DOCUMENTS (check, notebook, letter…) PHOTOGRAPHS - FILMS - RECORDINGS
INSTRUMENTS SOCO INSTRUMENTS
CRIMINAL INSTRUMENTS
TRACE EVIDENCE
DIRECT IDENTIFICATION INDIRECT IDENTIFICATION
Body fluids Transfer evidence (glass, fibres, paint) Teeth Fire accelerants Fingerprints Gunshot residues Tracks ……. Impression Evidence
Marks
Pointers
SOCIS Sheffield Web Page
http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/nlp/socis
SOCIS Surrey Web Page
http://www.computing.surrey.ac.uk/ai/socis
NLP Group
http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/nlp