Analysis and modelling of landscape ecological changes due to dynamic surface movements

caused by mining activities

Christian Fischer, Heidrun Matejka, Wolfgang Busch

Institute of Geotechnical Engineering and Mine SurveyingTechnical University of Clausthal, Germany

table of content

introduction to the project structure

mining impacts of the environment

hyperspectral EO-data

conceptual modelling

process-oriented 3D-Geo-Objects

object-oriented approach

subsidence and hydrological interactions

VR

conclusions and outlook

project

part B 03technical

developments

part A 01

DBMSsystem development

part A 02

adaptivedata classification

CoreGeoCoreMoreTime

tn tn+i

3D-deformation of geological strata

3D-surface movements

underground mining

environmental effects

Infrastructure:

-high-density areas

-supply grid

- road network

- changes of relief

- changes of water- courses

Topography / Hydrology:

- changes of catchment areas

Hydrogeology:

Dynamics and changes of important hydrological and ecological parameter

[Mauser 1998]

hyperspectral EO-data- land-cover with unknown distribution of statistical parameters,

- consideration of topological dependencies in between different land-cover and land-use parcels,

- change detection.

conventional point of view:

Determination of affected areasbased on calculated subsidencedata and topographical data in2.5-D.

multitemporal GIS-baseddeduction of occurring changeswith use of different technicalsoftware packages.

visualiziation of areas of interestunder consideration of:

- mine surveying aspects, - legal demands and official regulations.

new approach:

conceptual modelling

Discretization of the Geo-System into process-oriented Geo-Objects representated by 3D-Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (V-NURBS).

description of Geo-System’s structureand of water flows between its compartments by means of object-oriented modeling concepts.

analysis of geometric und thematic changes caused by land subsidencedue to under- ground mining.

parameterization and modeling of “subsidence - hydrological balance” interactions by means of fuzzy settheory.

development of subsidence scenarios and simulation of the resulting impactson the hydrological balance.

analysis

complex analysisof the study area

- geology- morphology- hydrology- soil types- land-cover, -use

mining influences:

- mining operations- movements- chronological process

hyperspectral EO-data

- land-use- land-cover - thematic attributes- change detection

modelling

synthesisfuzzy setsfunctional

dependencies

dynamicsimulation

visualization

prognosis: ecological effects

analyses of processunder consideration

of time and scale

process-oriented3D-Geo-Objects

process-oriented 3D-Geo-Objects

Geo-Object

topography +

drainage systemsoil + vegetation

geo-hydrology

representing sub-areas of similar hydrological behaviour

process-oriented 3D-Geo-Objects

α

ε

α: slopeε: expositionkf: unsaturated fluxesks: saturated fluxesΘs: water content Θi: water content / strata qi: exchange / strata

properties parameters boundary conditions

GWS

movements

lateral waterflow

ground-waterisobars

kf, ks,Θs

k=f(kf, ks,Θs )

kf, ks,Θs

k=f(kf, ks,Θs )

Θi

Θi

Θi

evaporation

infiltration

capillary rise

ground-waterrecharfe rate

qi

qi

qi

-Landnutzung : ganz-Wasserhaltevermögen : doppelt-Porösität : doppelt-Niederschlagsmenge : doppelt

Obergrundobjekt

+berechneFließrichtung()

-Neigung : doppelt-Exposition : doppelt-Fließrichtung : doppelt

Oberfläche

1

1

Trennfläche Obergrundobjekt

Nachbarschaft Obergrund/Fluß

2

*

1

*

Oberfläche/Untergrundbegrenzung

1

1

Reliefpunkt

*

*

Object-oriented approach

- 3D/4D modelling under consideration of ISO standard “spatial scheme” and “temporal scheme”,

- UML as object-oriented modelling technique,

- ObjectStore as an object-oriented DBMS.

fuzzy-logic based modelling approach to

• represent imprecise and uncertain information by linguistic variables and fuzzy sets,

• incorporate expert and prior knowledge on the Geo-System’s behaviour,

• approximate “subsidence - hydrological balance” interactions by a fuzzy-rule based system.

Subsidence and hydrological interactions

fuzzification defuzzificationinterference

OutputFuzzy-rule based system

potential ofwater logging

If …. and…then ….If …. and…then ….If …. and…then …....If …. and…then ….

topography

amount ofsubsidence

surfacehydrology.

.

.

Input

.

.

ground-waterhydrology

Virtual Reality• Examination of consistency and plausibility of generated 3D-Geo-Objects,

• Verification of the derived functional dependencies and interactive derivative of missing parameters,

• Representation of different versions and visualization of simulations.

This project is part of an interdisciplinary research project,

“Development and application of geoinformation to analyse impacts, predictions and management of anthropogenic

influenced processes in geosystems“

carried out together with the Institute of Computer Science of the University of Hamburg

and is supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG).