analysis of media coverage and legislative proceedings

7/31/2019 Analysis of Media Coverage and Legislative Proceedings

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CHAPTER FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

4.1 Frequency Distribution

A sample size of fifty (40) respondents; were randomly selected for this study. Based on

the sample size, a total of 40 questionnaires were dispatched to respondents in integrated

micro finance bank. 25 questionnaires were returned. This reflects a return rate of 62.5%.

Thus, a total seventy one (25) questionnaires was used for the analysis and drawing of

relevant inferences.

The frequency distribution and appraisal using simple percentages are presented below:

Table 4.1 Gender Distributions of Respondents

Gender

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Valid Male 23 92.0 92.0 92.0

Female 2 8.0 8.0 100.0

Total 25 100.0 100.0

Source: output of SPSS

From table 4.1, there were 23 male respondents and 2 female respondents respectively. These

further depict 92% male and 8% female respondents.

Table 4.2 Age Distribution of Respondents

Age


Valid 31-40 years 13 52.0 52.0 52.0

41-50 years 9 36.0 36.0 88.0

51 years and above 3 12.0 12.0 100.0

Total 25 100.0 100.0

Source: output of SPSS.


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Table 4.2 above shows the frequency distribution of the age of respondents. As shown on the

frequency distribution table the ages captured in the research work were: ages 31-40 years with

13 respondents, 41-50 years with 9 respondents, and 51 years and above with 3 respondents.

The percentages of these age groups are: 52%, 36%, and 12%.

Table 4.3 Marital Statuses of Respondents

Marital Status


Valid Married 25 100.0 100.0 100.0


Table 4.3 shows the frequency distribution of marital status of respondents. 100% were married.

Table 4.4 Educational Qualification of Respondents

Educational Qualification


Valid BS.c/HND 13 52.0 52.0 52.0

M.Sc/MBA 11 44.0 44.0 96.0

others 1 4.0 4.0 100.0

Total 25 100.0 100.0


Table 4.4 shows the frequency distribution of educational qualification of respondents. 44%

owned post graduate qualifications which constitute M.Sc/M.BA holders, 52% were HND/B.Sc

holders, while 1% owned other qualifications.

4.2 RESPONDENTS OPINION ON ORGANISATIONS INVESTMENT DECISION

The following keys are used in the section below:

SD = strongly disagree, D = Disagree, U = Undecided, A = Agree, SA = strongly agree


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proposition. This affirms that the there exist a significance level of biasness in the coverage by

print media.

Table 4.7 Respondents Opinion on the bureaucratic nature of proceeding in the

legislative function has impeded the coverage of proceeding by print media

The bureaucratic nature of proceeding in the legislative function has impeded the coverage of proceeding by print media


Valid SD 5 20.0 20.0 20.0

D 8 32.0 32.0 52.0

U 6 24.0 24.0 76.0

A 5 20.0 20.0 96.0

SA 1 4.0 4.0 100.0

Total 25 100.0 100.0


Table 4.7 showed respondents opinion on Respondents Opinion on the bureaucratic nature of

proceeding in the legislative function has impeded the coverage of proceeding by print media.

The output showed that 24% of respondents agreed that the bureaucratic nature of proceeding in

the legislative function has impeded the coverage of proceeding by print media. 52% disagreed

with this proposition. This affirms that the bureaucratic nature of proceeding in the legislative

function has not impeded the coverage of proceeding by print media.

Table 4.8 Respondents Opinion on the poor level of coverage by the print media has

significantly influenced public inability to properly access the legislative

proceedings

The poor level of coverage by the print media has significantly influenced public inability to properly access the legislative

proceedings


Valid SD 1 4.0 4.0 4.0

D 3 12.0 12.0 16.0

U 2 8.0 8.0 24.0

A 8 32.0 32.0 56.0

SA 11 44.0 44.0 100.0

Total 25 100.0 100.0



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Table 4.8 showed respondents opinion on Respondents Opinion on the poor level of coverage

by the paper media has significantly influenced public inability to properly access the legislative

proceedings. The output showed that 76% of respondents agreed that the poor level of coverage

by the print media has significantly influenced public inability to properly access the legislative

proceedings. 16% disagreed with this proposition. This affirms that the poor level of coverage by

the paper media has significantly influenced public inability to properly access the legislative

proceedings

Table 4.9 Respondents Opinion on the legislative has not been well projected to the

public for assessment especially during the predecission process

The legislative has not been well projected to the public for assessment especially during the predecission process


Valid SD 1 4.0 4.0 4.0

D 4 16.0 16.0 20.0

U 2 8.0 8.0 28.0

A 6 24.0 24.0 52.0

SA 12 48.0 48.0 100.0

Total 25 100.0 100.0


Table 4.9 showed respondents opinion on Respondents Opinion on the legislative has not been

well projected to the public for assessment especially during the predecission process. The output

showed that 72% of respondents agreed that the legislative has not been well projected to the

public for assessment especially during the predecission process. 20% disagreed with this

proposition. This affirms that the legislative has not been well projected to the public for

assessment especially during the predecission process


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Table 4.10 Respondents Opinion on there exist correlation between legislative

objectiveness perception of newspaper accuracy and objectiveness in

reporting the news and their use of newspaper to generate policy opinion

There exist correlation between legislative objectiveness perception of newspaper accuracy and objectiveness in reporting

the news and their use of newspaper to generate policy opinion


Valid D 6 24.0 24.0 24.0

U 6 24.0 24.0 48.0

A 6 24.0 24.0 72.0

SA 7 28.0 28.0 100.0

Total 25 100.0 100.0


Table 4.10 showed respondents opinion on there exist correlation between legislative

objectiveness perception of newspaper accuracy and objectiveness in reporting the news and

their use of newspaper to generate policy opinion. The output showed that 52% of respondents

agreed that there exist correlation between legislative objectiveness perception of newspaper

accuracy and objectiveness in reporting the news and their use of newspaper to generate policy

opinion. 24% disagreed with this proposition. This affirms that there exist correlation between

legislative objectiveness perception of newspaper accuracy and objectiveness in reporting the

news and their use of newspaper to generate policy opinion.

Table 4.11 Respondents Opinion on a virile print media is a prerequisite to sound

legislative performance

A virile print media is a prerequisite to sound legislative performance


Valid D 2 8.0 8.0 8.0

U 1 4.0 4.0 12.0

A 18 72.0 72.0 84.0

SA 4 16.0 16.0 100.0

Total 25 100.0 100.0Source: output of SPSS.

Table 4.11 showed respondents opinion on a virile print media is a prerequisite to sound

legislative performance. The output showed that 88% of respondents agreed that A virile print

media is a prerequisite to sound legislative performance. 8% disagreed with this proposition.

This affirms that a virile print media is a prerequisite to sound legislative performance.


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Table 4.12 Respondents Opinion on the stringent rules and confidentiality of the

legislative arm of government has impeded coverage by the print media

The stringent rules and confidentiality of the legislative arm of government has impeded coverage by the print media


Valid SD 3 12.0 12.0 12.0

D 4 16.0 16.0 28.0

U 1 4.0 4.0 32.0

A 5 20.0 20.0 52.0

SA 12 48.0 48.0 100.0

Total 25 100.0 100.0


Table 4.12 showed respondents opinion on the stringent rules and confidentiality of the

legislative arm of government has impeded coverage by the print media. The output showed that

68% of respondents agreed that the stringent rules and confidentiality of the legislative arm of

government has impeded coverage by the print media. 28% disagreed with this proposition. This

affirms that the stringent rules and confidentiality of the legislative arm of government has

impeded coverage by the print media.

Table 4.13 Respondents Opinion on the print media are constrained in coverage of

legislative function due not ineffectiveness of law empowering them to do so

The print media are constrained in coverage of legislative function due not ineffectiveness of law empowering them to do

so


Valid SD 2 8.0 8.0 8.0

D 3 12.0 12.0 20.0

U 6 24.0 24.0 44.0

A 9 36.0 36.0 80.0

SA 5 20.0 20.0 100.0

Total 25 100.0 100.0


Table 4.13 showed respondents opinion on the print media is constrained in coverage of

legislative function due not ineffectiveness of law empowering them to do so. The output

showed that 56% of respondents agreed that the print media are constrained in coverage of

legislative function due not ineffectiveness of law empowering them to do so. 20% disagreed


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with this proposition. This affirms that the print media are constrained in coverage of legislative

function due not ineffectiveness of law empowering them to do so.

Table 4.14 Respondents Opinion on the poor attitude of Nigerians towards legislative

matters has significantly influenced the unwillingness of the print media to

cover legislative functions

The poor attitude of Nigerians towards legislative matters has significantly influenced the unwillingness of the print

media to cover legislative functions.


Valid D 4 16.0 16.0 16.0

A 12 48.0 48.0 64.0

SA 9 36.0 36.0 100.0

Total 25 100.0 100.0Source: output of SPSS.

Table 4.14 showed respondents opinion on the poor attitude of Nigerians towards legislative

matters has significantly influenced the unwillingness of the print media to cover legislative

functions. The output showed that 84% of respondents agreed the poor attitude of Nigerians

towards legislative matters has significantly influenced the unwillingness of the print media to

cover legislative functions. 16% disagreed with this proposition. This affirms that the poor

attitude of Nigerians towards legislative matters has significantly influenced the unwillingness of

the print media to cover legislative functions.

4.3 STATISTICAL TEST OF HYPOTHESIS

Statistical test of hypothesisA hypothesis will be tested in this research work using the chi square test of hypothesis.

The chi square formula is given as follows:

( )

Where:


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Following the large sample size involved in this research, statistical software will be used

for the analysis. The outputs of the analysis are stated below:

RESTATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS 1

H0: The Legislative functions of Lagos State House of Assembly Legislators have not

received commensurate attention from the media in terms of coverage.

H1: The Legislative functions of Lagos State House of Assembly Legislators have received

commensurate attention from the media in terms of coverage.

Level of significance: 5% level of significance will be used for this research work

( )Test statistic: As stated above, the chi square test will be applied.

Where:

( )

Question 1 to 3 was used to test the hypothesis. Below is the frequency distribution of the

summary of these questions:

VARIABLES

Strongly

agree

Agree Undecided Disagree Strongly

disagree

(1) The level of print media coverage of theproceedings of the legislative function is

commensurate to coverage of other tiers/sector of

the economy

2 3 2 17 1

(2) There exist a significance level of biasness in

the coverage by print media

8 12 2 2 1

(3)The bureaucratic nature of proceeding in the

legislative function has impeded the coverage of

this proceeding by paper media

1 5 6 8 5


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Chi-square Contingency Table Test for IndependenceThe level of print media

coverage of the proceedings of

the legislative function is

commensurate to coverage of

other tiers/sector of the economy

SA A U D SD Total

Observed 2 3 2 17 1 25

Expected 3.67 6.67 3.33 9.00 2.33 25.00

O - E -1.67 -3.67 -1.33 8.00 -1.33 0.00

(O - E) / E 0.76 2.02 0.53 7.11 0.76 11.18

There exist a significance level

of biasness in the coverage by

print media

Observed 8 12 2 2 1 25

Expected 3.67 6.67 3.33 9.00 2.33 25.00

O - E 4.33 5.33 -1.33 -7.00 -1.33 0.00

(O - E) / E 5.12 4.27 0.53 5.44 0.76 16.13

The bureaucratic nature of

proceeding in the legislative

function has impeded the

coverage of this proceeding by

paper media

Observed 1 5 6 8 5 25

Expected 3.67 6.67 3.33 9.00 2.33 25.00

O - E -2.67 -1.67 2.67 -1.00 2.67 0.00

(O - E) / E 1.94 0.42 2.13 0.11 3.05 7.65

Total Observed 11 20 10 27 7 75

Expected 11.00 20.00 10.00 27.00 7.00 75.00

O - E 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

(O - E) / E 7.82 6.70 3.20 12.67 4.57 34.96

()() ()()

Decision: From the above computation the calculated value is greater than the

tabulated; hence we have enough evidence against the null hypothesis. Therefore,

we reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis at 5% level of

significance.

Conclusion: We therefore conclude that the Legislative functions of Lagos State

House of Assembly Legislators have received commensurate attention from the

media in terms of coverage.

RESTATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS 2

HO: The Legislature has not been well projected to the public for assessment especially

during the predecision process.


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H1: The Legislature has been well projected to the public for assessment especially

during the predecision process.

Level of significance: 5% level of significance will be used for this research work( )Test statistic: As stated above, the chi square test will be applied.

Where:

( )

Question 4 to 5 was used to test the hypothesis. Below is the frequency distribution of the

summary of these questions:

Variables SA A U D SD

The poor level of coverage by the paper media has

significantly influenced public inability to properly

access the legislative proceedings

11 8 2 3 1

The legislative has not been well projected to the

public for assessment especially during the

predecission process

12 6 2 4 1


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Chi-square Contingency Table Test for Independence

SA A U D SD Total

The poor level of coverage by the

paper media has significantly

influenced public inability to

properly access the legislative

proceedings

Observed 11 8 2 3 1 25

Expected 11.50 7.00 2.00 3.50 1.00 25.00

O - E -0.50 1.00 0.00 -0.50 0.00 0.00

(O - E) / E 0.02 0.14 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.24

The legislative has not been well

projected to the public for

assessment especially during the

predecission process

Observed 12 6 2 4 1 25

Expected 11.50 7.00 2.00 3.50 1.00 25.00

O - E 0.50 -1.00 0.00 0.50 0.00 0.00

(O - E) / E 0.02 0.14 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.24

Total Observed 23 14 4 7 2 50

Expected 23.00 14.00 4.00 7.00 2.00 50.00

O - E 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

(O - E) / E 0.04 0.29 0.00 0.14 0.00 0.47

()() ()()

Decision: From the above computation the calculated value is lesser than the

tabulated; hence we do not have enough evidence against the null hypothesis.Therefore, we accept the null hypothesis and reject the alternative hypothesis at 5%

level of significance.

Conclusion: We therefore conclude that The Legislature has not been well

projected to the public for assessment especially during the predecision process.


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CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

This chapter presents the summary of findings of this study.

The Legislative functions of Lagos State House of Assembly Legislators havereceived commensurate attention from the media in terms of coverage.

There exist a significance level of biasness in the coverage by print media

The bureaucratic nature of proceeding in the legislative function has not impededthe coverage of this proceeding by paper media

The poor level of coverage by the paper media has significantly influenced publicinability to properly access the legislative proceedings

The legislative has not been well projected to the public for assessment especially

during the predecission process

There exist correlation between legislative objectiveness perception of newspaperaccuracy and objectiveness in reporting the news and their use of newspaper to

generate policy opinion

A virile print media is a prerequisite to sound legislative performance

The stringent rules and confidentiality of the legislative arm of government has notimpeded coverage by the print media


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The print media are constrained in coverage of legislative function due notineffectiveness of law empowering them to do so

The poor attitude of Nigerians towards legislative matters has significantlyinfluenced the unwillingness of the print media to cover legislative functions.

5.2 CONCLUSION

5.3 RECOMMENDATION

5.4 LIMITATION OF STUDY

The research work has critically examined impact of institutional investors on the corporate governance

of a modern day company. This aside, the following limitations were encountered in the course of the

study:

Time constraint

The time available for the research work was limited and this to a great extent was a major deterrent to

thorough investigation into the research work.

Work calendar of respondent

Taking cognizance of the work load of the respondent as field personnel, gathering of data was hampered

to an extent as relentless effort has to be made to meet the workers.

Availability of fund

Financial constraint was a major factor that was encountered in the course of the research as a worthwhile

amount was required to execute the project in form of; transportation, printing, photocopying and so on.

Poor level of cooperation from respondent


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Subject to the work load of respondent, a low level of response was observed as workers have to create

time from their tight schedule to attend to questionnaire.

5.5 RECOMMENDATION FOR FURTHER STUDIES

This research work has dealt at length with reporting the legislature: a case study of Lagos state

assembly. Further research can be carried out on issues and challenges facing the print media in reporting

legislative proceeding with emphasis on the ways and means through which these challenges can be

addressed.

analysis of media coverage and legislative proceedings

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