ANALYSIS OF PIONEERS: WALTER GROPIUS. CHICAGO SCHOOL

Lecture (7)

Date: 7/1/2019

Walter Adolph Georg Gropius

Born 18 May 1883.

Berlin, German Empire.

Died 5 July 1969 (aged 86).

Buildings

Fergus Factory

Weekend Exhibition (1914)

Bauhaus

Gropius House

Max von Laue

University of Baghdad

J.F. Kennedy Federal Building

Pan Am Building

HISTORY:

Gropius and some of his former disciples established a group of cooperative architects Take. The first large project designed by the group was the Alumni Center at Harvard in 1948.

Take also designed the Pan American Building in New York City in 1958,

The United States Embassy in Athens in 1959, The Kennedy Federal Building in Boston in 1961,

And the Dental Ceramic Factory in Slip, Germany, in 1965.

Production and industrialization in housing projects in order to reduce the costs of housing construction.

It is necessary to study the planning of villages and adjacent areas for agricultural and industrial lands

They learned how to work together, such as the Cambridge University Center in Cambridge, which is designed by a group of architects under the supervision of Walter Gruyeres

•He was the first to apply science and technology in architecture

The first to lay the foundations and foundations for the use of iron and glass in the building ..

PHILOSOPHICAL:

1. THINK of two aspects:

Physical aspect and spiritual aspect.

2. The integration of function and shape and beauty.

3.taking into account the human element in the design (most of the buildings medium-height).

4. Innovating the teamwork system.

• Modern

• Functional

•Meet humanitarian needs

• In housing people must get on As much as possible "sun, air, tree" .

• Graphics shape .

• The modern building is free of stone block

• Use of new materials (iron and glass)

• Free of decoration

EXAMPLES

BAUHAUS SCHOOL

Architecture behind glass

In both buildings a glass facade on the load-bearing framework allows a view of the interior workings. In the workshop wing in Dessau this provides clear view of the constructive elements. The design does not visually amplify the corners of the building, which creates an impression of transparency. Gropius designed the various sections of the building differently, separating them consistently according to function. He positioned the wings asymmetrically; the form of the complex can thus be grasped only by moving around the building. There is no central view.

JOHN F KENNEDY FEDERAL BUILDING IS A UNITED STATES FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OFFICE BUILDING .

located : in the Government Center area

of Boston, Massachusetts

An example of 1960s modern architecture

it is a complex that consists of two 26 floor towers that sit on-axis to each other

The two towers stand at a height of 117.96 meters or 387 feet (118 m)

and a low rise building of four floors that connects to the two towers via an enclosed glass corridor.

The exterior of the towers is constructed of pre-cast

reinforced concrete. The lower sections are faced

with polished granite. All aluminum work has a

dark anodized finish in a medium gray tone.

THE BAUHAUS ARCHIVE (MUSEUM OF DESIGN )

The building is a late work of the movement of the Bauhaus , Walter Gropius Built in 1976-1979Location in Berlin , GermanyIt was dedicated to the history of the famous Bauhaus school of art and architecture .

DESCRIPTION

MATERIALS

The ideal of the form, followed by the role in this project, which emphasized the direct and honest use of materials as a functional design.

GROPIUS HOUSE

Lincoln, Massachusetts

-The Gropius House was the family residence of Gropius.

-This house was his first architectural commission in the United States.

He designed it in 1937 , when he came to teach at Harvard University and it was built in 1938.

The house caused a sensation when built , in keeping with Bauhaus philosophy every aspect of the house and its surrounding landscape was planned for maximum efficiency and simplicity.

-Gropius carefully sited the house to complement its new England habitat on a rise with in an orchard of 90 apple trees.

-The Gropius house mixes up the traditional material of New England architecture (wood, brick, and filed stone) with industrial material such as glass block , acoustic plaster, and chrome banisters.

-The house structure consist of traditional new England post and beam wooden frame.

UNIVERSITY OF BAGDAD

Baghdad University is the largest Iraqi university, located in the center of the Iraqi capital Baghdad. [1] [2] It was founded and built by the Iraqi government in the late 1950s. But its first daughters date back to 1908, when the Faculty of Law (formerly the Law School) was established, and a few years later, other colleges such as the High Teachers' House (later education), medicine in 1927, pharmacy and engineering. The university is located near the Tigris River. Its architecture was designed by Walter Gropius, where he began the master plan of the 1960s to build the campus of the faculties of engineering, science and contemporary arts for about 6,800 students. The campus was expanded in 1982 to 20,000 students with the addition of other facilities. Hisham N. Ashkouri and Robert Owen have developed the program on the campus

REFERENCES AND READINGS

•Carmona, Matthew, and Tiesdell, Steve, editors, Urban Design Reader, Architectural Press of Elsevier Press, Amsterdam Boston other cities 2007, ISBN 0-7506-6531-9

•Larice, Michael, and MacDonald, Elizabeth, editors, The Urban Design Reader, Routledge, New York London 2007, ISBN 0-415-33386-5

•Gabriel Gössel, Functional Architecture. Funktionale Architektur. Le Style International. 1925–1940, Taschen, Berlin, 1990