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ANALYSIS OF RADIATION EXPOSURE FORNAVAL UNITS OF OPERATION CROSSROADSVolume II-(Appendix A) Target Ships

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ANALYSIS OF RADIATION EXPOSURE FOR NAVALUNITS OF OPERATION CROSSROADSVolume II- (Appendix A) Target Ships

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Operation CROSSROADS Nuclear Test Dersonnel Review (NTPR)Joint Task Force One Ship ContaminationOceanic Nuclear TestRadiation Exposure Assessment

External radiation doses are reconstructed for crews of support and targetships of Joint Task Force One at Operation CROSSROADS, 1946. Volume Idescribes the reconstruction methodology, which consists of modeling theradiation environment, to include the radioactivity of lagoon water, targetships, and support ship contamination; retracing ship paths through thisenvironment; and calculating the doses to shipboard personnel. The USSRECLAIMER, a support ship, is selected as a representative ship to demonstrate

Do COlTtON OF 1 WOV 6s IS OKSOLETE UNCLASSIFIEDSECURITY CLASSIFICAT10R OF THfS PAGE (llm Dmtm Entered)

IJN_-CLASSIFIEDSECURITY CLASSlflCATION Of TWIS PAGEClhm Data Rtbtmrrd)

I

I 20. ABSTRACT (Continued)'

this methodology. Doses for all other ships are summarized. Volume II(Appendix A) details the results for target ship personnel. Volume III(Appendix B) details the results for support ship personnel. Calculateddoses for more than 36,000 personnel aboard support ships while at Bikinirange from zero to 1.7 rem. Of those, approximately 34,000 are less than0.5 rem. From the models provided, doses due to target ship reboardingand doses accrued after departure from Bikini can be calculated, based onthe individual circumstances of exposure,

UNCLASSIFIEDSECUNltY CLASSIFICATION Of TMIS PACEWOn D*t* Ent*r.dl

ANALYSIS OF RADIATION EXPOSURES FORNAVAL UNITS OF OPERATION CROSSROADS

VOLUME II

APPENDIX A: TARGET SHIPS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION PAGE

A-l INTRODUCTION 5

A-2 NON-REMANNEDTARGET SHIP PARTICIPATION SUMMARIES 7

USS ANDERSON (DD-411) 8lJSS APOGON (SS-308) 9USS ARDC-13 IOUSS ARKANSAS 03%33) 12USS BANNER (APA-60) 14USS RARROW (APA-61) 16USS BRACKEN (APA-64) 18USS BRISCOE (APA-65) 2 0USS RRULE (APA-66) 2 2USS BUTTE (APA-68) 2 4USS CARLISLE (APA-69) 2 6USS CARTERET (APA-70) 2 8USS CATRON (APA-71) 30USS CRITTENDEN (APA-77) 3 2USS DAWSON (APA-79) 3 4USS FALLON (APA-81) 3 6USS CASCONADE (APA-85) 3 8USS GILLIAM (APA-57) 4 0USS HUGHES (DD-410) 4 2USS INDEPENDENCE (CVL-22) 4 4USSLAMSON (DD-367) 46USSLCI-327 4 8USS LCI-332 50USS LCI-620 52USS LSM-60 53USSLST-52 54USSLST-125 56USSLST-133 58USS LST-220 6 0USSLST-545 6 2USSLST-661 6 4USS MAYRANT (DD-402) 6 6USS MUGFORD (DD-389) 6 8USS MUSTIN (DD-413) 7 0

NAGATO(EY-JAPANESE BB) 7 2US'S NEVADA 03%36) 74USS NEW YORK (RB-34) 7 6USS PENNSYLVANIA (RR-38) 7 s

1

TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)

SECTION PAGE

A-2 USS PENSACOLA (CA-24) 80IJSS PILOTFISH (SS-386) 82

PRINZ EUGEN (EX-GERMAN CA) 84USS RALPH TALROT (DD-390) 86USS RHIND (DD-404) 88

S A K A W A W-JAPANESE CL) 90t JSS SALT LAKE CITY (CA-25) 92IJSS SARATOGA (W-3) 94I.JSS SKATE (SS-305) 96USS SKIP JACK (SS- 184) 98USS STACK (DO-406) 100IJSS TRIPPF, fDD-403) 102UFS ‘S’AIN‘VRICYT (DD-4 19) 104USS WILSON (DD-408) 106IJSS YO-160 108CJSS YOG-83 1101JSS LCT-4 12 112I JSS LCT-4 14 113lJSS l-CT-705 114IJSS LCT-746 II61JSS LCT-8 12 117IJSS LCT-8 16 118USS LCT-8 18 120IJSS LCT-874 122!JSS LCT-1013 124USS LCT-1078 126?JSS LCT- 11 I2 128USS LCT-II 13 130USS LCT-1114 132USS LCT-1115 133USS LCT-I 175 134UCS LCT- I I87 135USS LCT- 1237 136

A-3 REMANNED TARGFT SYIP PARTICIPATION SUMhlARIES 137

USS BLADEN (APA-63) 138IJSS CONYNGHAM (DD-371) 142USS CORTLAND (APA-75) 144IJSS DENTUDA (SS-335) 148IJSS FILLhAORE (APA-83) 150USS GENEVA (APA-86) 153USS LCl-329 156IJSS LCIh)-549 158!JSS LcI(C)-6 I5 160USS NIAGARA (APA-87) 163!JSS PARCHE (SF-384) 166IJSS SEARAVEN (SC-196) 1681JSS TIJNA (SS-203) 170

2

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

FIGURE P A G E

NON-REMANNED TARGET SHIP GAMMA INTENSITY CURVES

A-lA - 2A - 3A - 4A - 5A - 6A - 7A - 8A - 9A - 1 0A-11A - 1 2A - 1 3A - 1 4A - 1 5A - 1 6A - 1 7A - 1 8A - 1 9A - 2 0A-21A - 2 2A - 2 3A - 2 4A - 2 5A - 2 6A - 2 7A - 2 8A - 2 9A - 3 0A-31A - 3 2A - 3 3A - 3 4A - 3 5A - 3 6A - 3 7A - 3 8A - 3 9A - 4 0A-41A - 4 2

Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS ARDC- 13 11Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - 1JSS BANNER (APA-60) 15Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS BARROW (APA-61) 1 7Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS BRACKEN (APA-64) 1 9Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS BRISCOE (APA-65) 2 1Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - LJSS RRlJLE (APA-66) 2 3Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS BUTTE, (APA-68) 2 5Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS CARTERET (APA-70) 2 9Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS CATRON (APA-71) 3 1Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS CRITTENDEN (APA-77) 3 3Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - IJSS DAWSON (APA-79) 3 5Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS FALLON (APA-81) 3 7Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS GASCONADE (APA-85) 3 9Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - IJSS HUGHES (DD-410) 4 3Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS INDEPENDENCE (CVL-22) 4 5Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS LCI-327 4 9Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS LCI-332 5 1Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - lJSS LST-52 5 5Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS LST-133 5 9Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS LST-220 6 1Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS LST-545 6 3Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS LST-661 6 5Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS MAYRANT (DD-402) 6 7Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS M1 IGFORD (DD-389) 6 9Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS MUSTIN (DD-413) 7 1Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - NAGATO (EX-JAPANESE BB) 7 3Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS NEVADA (BB-36) 7 5Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS NEW YORK (RR-341 7 7Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS PENNSYLVANIA (BB-38) 7 9Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS PENSACOLA (CA-241 8 1Shipboard Gamma Intensity VS. Time - PRINZ EUGEN (EX-GERMAN CA185Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS RALPH TALBOT (DD-390) 8 7Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS RHIND (DD-404) 8 9Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS SALT LAKE CITY (CA-251 9 3Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS SKATE (SS-305) 9 7Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS SKIPJACK (SS-184) 9 9Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - U5S STACK (DD-406) 1 0 1Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS TRIPPE (DD-403) 103Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - IJSS WAINWRIGHT (DD-419) 105Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS WILSON (DD-408) 1 0 7Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS YOG-83 1 1 1Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS LCT-705 115

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (Concluded)

FIGURE P A G E

A - 4 3A - 4 4A - 4 5A - 4 6A - 4 7A - 4 8A - 4 9

Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS LCT-816 1 1 9Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS LCT-818 1 2 1Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS LCT-874 1 2 3Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - IJSS LCT-1013 1 2 5Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS LCT-1078 1 2 7Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS LCT-1 I12 1 2 9Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS LCT-1113 1 3 1

REMANNED TARGET SHIP GAMMA INTENSITY CURVES

A - 5 0A-51A - 5 2A - 5 3A - 5 4A - 5 5A - 5 6A - 5 7A - 5 8A - 5 9A - 6 0A-61

Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS CONYNGHAM (DD-371) 1 4 3Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS DENTUDA (SS-335) 1 4 9Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS LCI(L)-329 157Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - !JSS LCI(L)-549 1 5 9Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS PARCHE (SS-384) 1 6 7Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - IJSS SEARAVEN (SS-196) 169Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS TUNA (SS-203) 1 7 1Post Bikini Dose Nomograph 1 7 2Shot ABLE Red Lines 173Shot ABLE Blue Lines 1 7 4Shot BAKER Red Lines 1 7 5Shot B.4KER Blue Lines 176

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE

A-l Calendar Date Conversions for Operation CROSSROADS

P A G E

1 7 7

4

A- 1 INTRODUCTION

Eighty-four (84) ships were designated as target ships in support of OperationC R O S S R O A D S . With the exception of seventeen (17) LCTs that were transported toBikini and had no deck logs maintained on them, all of the target ships had been sailedto Bikini with a normal crew complement. The purpose of this appendix is to

summarize the radiation dose history of the target ship crews while at Bikini and toprovide the user with sufficient data to calculate personnel exposures subsequent totheir departure from the lagoon. The final disposition of each target ship is alsoincluded.

In the organization of Appendix A, the 84 target ships have been categorized aseither being NON-REMANNED (includes IJNVANWED) or REMANNED and sailedaway. There were seventy-one (71) target ships in the NON-REMANNED category,including the 17 LCTs that were tranported to the lagoon. Only thirteen (13) of the

target ships were REMANNED after Shot BAKER and sailed away.

Crews of target ships were housed on personnel transports during and followingthe two detonations. The crews of ships that were subsequently sunk or rendereduninhabitable by Shot ABLE and/or BAKER continued living aboard transport ships.Generally, the crews of non-remanned target ships were disbanded (either at Bikini orKwajalein) prior to their return to Hawaii or CONIJS. In those instances when a crewwas disbanded prior to its departure from Bikini Lagoon, the reconstruction dose isdeveloped until the date the majority of the crew can no longer be identified as adiscrete unit. In those instances when a crew was disbanded while at Kwajalein, thereconstructed dose is developed until the transport that housed the crews departedBikini.

Section A-2 of this appendix contains a Target Ship Participation Summary sheet

and a Shipboard Gamma Intensity Curve (unless the vessel sunk as a result of ShotABLE or BAKER) for each of the NON-REMAhJNED target ships. The curves are

included to permit dose calculations for CQOSSROADS participants after they leftBikini. These data sheets are presented in alphabetical order by ship name with the

exception of the LCTs, which were unmanned at all times while at Rikini and have

been treated as a subset of the NON-REMANNED ship category. Where radiological

data and ship/crew locations are known for the LCTs, this data is provided.

Section A-3 contains similar data sheets for each of the thirteen (13) remanned

target ships that were sailed away after Shot RAKER. For six (6) of these ships, the

radiological data does not exist to reconstruct their shipboard intensity curves. In

these cases, the curves have been replaced with the ship’s Path Report, which details

the ship’s movements through areas of radiological significance while at Bikini, and a

Radiological Report, which is a day-by-day compilation of the reconstructed film

badge dose for the crew while aboard the ship until its departure from the lagoon. The

Target Ship Participation Summary sheets for these six ships include a ship contami-

nation factor when departing Bikini that should be used in conjunction with the

nomograph in Figure A-57 to calculate crew exposures subsequent to their departure

from Sikini.

Aecause these thirteen (13) target ships were remanned and sailed away after

Shot RAKER, it was necessary in some instances for the crews to periodically reboard

the target vessels while at Bikini for decontamination work and to make general

repairs to the ship. For the days when this occurred (as extracted from the ship’s deck

logs), the average crewmember dose is calculated using:

D =; DTS 24-N D+-%- evac

where D = average crewmember film badge dose

N = number of hours aboard the target ship (from deck logs)

DTS = daily topside film badge dose on the target ship (derived from the

ship’s gamma intensity curve or the radiological report)

Devac = daily film badge dose on the evacuation ship (from VOLIJME III,

APPENDIX B, of this report)

6

SECTION A-2

NON-REMANNED TARGET SHIP

PARTICIPATION SUMMARIES

TARGET SHIP PARTICIPATION SUMMARY

N O N - R E M A N N E D

SHIP: USS ANDERSON (00-411)

CREW SIZE: 105

MISSION: USS ANDERSON wasJune 30, 1946 to prepareremained there as one ofoccurred on July I, 1946.

a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini prior tofor the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon andthe 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonation that

SHOT DATA: TEST DATE ( TIME) YIELD TYPE DETONATION- -

ABLE 1 July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Burst (+520 ft)

AVERAGE CREW MEMBER DOSE HISTORY

DATE ( 1946)

30 June - 8 July

CREW LOCATION

ABLEEvacuated aboard BAYFIELD (APA-33)(Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof 21 miles)

9 July -23 AugustB A K E R

Evacuated aboard AJAX (AR-6)which departedBikini on 23 August.(Observed shot Baker from a distanceof 15.5 miles)

Total calculated dose while at Bikini: 0.192 REM

RECONSTRUCTEDFILM BADGEDOSE (REM)-b

0.001

0.191

This reconstruction does not include time aboard the target ship for activities such asdamage control, decontamination or inspection after the detonations except when theentire crew returned to live aboard the ship.

FINAL DISPOSITI’3N: ANDERSON sank in Bikini lagoon on July I, 1946 as a result of ShotABLE.

8



SHIP: USS APOGON (SS-308)

CREW SIZE: 54

MISSION: USS APOGON was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini prior toJune 30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon andremained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations thatoccurred on July 1 and July 25, 1946.

SHOT DATA: TEST DATE (TIME) YIELD TYPE DETONATION

ABLE 1 July 46 (0900) 2 3 K T Air Burst (+520 ft)B A K E R 25 July 46 (0835) 2 3 K T Shallow Underwater (-90 ft)


RECONSTRUCTEDDATE ( 1946)

30 June - 1 July

2 July-19 July

C R E W L O C A T I O N

ABLEEvacuated aboard BOTTINEAU (APA-235)(Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof 25 miles)Aboard APOGON

FILM BADGEDOSE (REM)

0.000

0.050

B A K E R

20 July-7 August

8 August-17 August17 August

Evacuated aboard BOTTINEAU(Observed Shot BAKER from adistance of 16 miles)Aboard FILLMORE (APA-83)Crew transferred to various units asSUBRON II.

0.143

0.055

Total calculated dose up until the date when the crew splintered: 0.248 REM


FINAL DISPOSITION: APOCON sank in Bikini Lagoon on July 25, 1946 as a result of shotBAKER.

9



SHIP: USS ARDC-13

CREW SIZE: 4

MISSION: USS ARDC was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini prior to June30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon and remainedthere as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations that occurred onJuly 1 and July 25, 1946.


ABLE 1 July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Burst (+520 ft)BAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow I.Jnderwater (-90 ft)


DATE (1946) CREW LOCATION

Unknown

RECONSTRUCTEDFILM BADGE

DOSE (REM )

FINAL DISPOSITION: ARDC-13 sank in Bikini lagoon on August 4, 1946 as a result ofprogressive flooding due to shot BAKER.

1 0

USS ARDC-13

0.1

’ AUC 10 1 S E P T 100 1000

Days After BAKER

SHIPBOARD GAMMA INTENSITY CURVES: The average gamma intensity curves fortopside amidships, and below decks locations on target ships are discussed in detail insections 2.4 and 4.0 of the basic report. The data points and average curve arepresented as a function of time in days after Shot Baker. The curves are sometimesshown in a folded fashion and care should be exercised when reading the properintensity scale. In some cases the available data does not discriminate betweenindividual curves for each location.

Figure A-l. Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS ARDC-13

11



SHIP: USS ARKANSAS (08-33)

CREW SIZE: 441

MISSION: USS ARKANSAS was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini prior toJune 30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon andremained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations thatoccurred on July I and July 25, 1946.


ABLE 1 July 46 COSOO) 23 KT Air Burst (+520 ft)BAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow Underwater (-90 ft)


DATE ( 1946)

30 June- 8 July

9 July-17 JulyI8 July19 July-23 July

CREW LOCATION

ABLEEvacuated aboard ROCKBRIDGE (APA-228)(Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof 21 miles)Aboard ARKANSASEvacuated aboard ROCKBRIDGEAboard ARKANSAS

RECONSTRUCTEDFILM BADGEDOSE (REM)

0 . 0 0 9

0 . 0 1 50 . 0 0 00.006

24 July-6 August

6 August

B A K E REvacuated aboard ROCKBRIDGE(Observed Shot BAKER from a distanceof 16 miles)Crew transferred to various units.

0 . 1 4 8



FINAL DISPOSITION: ARKANSAS sank in Bikini lagoon on July 25, 1946 as a result ofShot BAKER.

12

DATA NOT AVAILABLE TO RECONSTRUCT

THE SHIPBOARD GAMMA INTENSITY CURVE

13



SHIP: USS BANNER (APA-60)

CREW SIZE: IO4

MISSION: USS BANNER was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini prior toJune 30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon andremained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations thatoccurred on July 1 and July 25, 1946.


ABLE 1 July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Burst (+520 ft)BAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow Underwater (-90 ft)

AVERAGE CKEW MEMBER DOSE HISTORY

DATE (1946)

30 June - 1 July Evacuated aboard BOTTINEAU (APA-235)(Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof 25 miles)


0.000

2 July -17 July Aboard BANNER 0 . 0 0 918 July -19 July Evacuated aboard BOTTINEAU 0.00020 July -23 July Aboard BANNER 0.000

B A K E R24 July - 7 August Evacauted aboard BOTTINEAU

(Observed shot BAKER from a distanceof 16 miles)Aboard BEXAR (APA-237)Crew transferred to GEORGE CLYMER 164)BEXAR (271, and others (13).

0.143


0.098

CREW LOCATION

ABLE



FINAL DISPOSITION: BANNER was towed to Kwajalein after CROSSROADS forradiological tests. It was retained there until it was scuttled off Kwajalein onFebruary 16, 1948.

14

USS BANNER (APA-60)

.Ol

.OOl

0 TOPSIDE

jGJ$+JO AMIDSHIPS IH

0.1A

1 lo 1 S E P T 1 0 0

Days After BAKER


Figure A-2. Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS BANNER (APA-60)

1 5



SHIP: USS BARROW (APA-61)

CREW SIZE: 114

IMISSION: USS BARROW was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini prior toJune 30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon andremained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations thatoccurred on July 1 and July 25, 1944.


ABLE 1 July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Burst (+520 f t)BAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow Underwater (-90 f t)


DATE ( 1946)RECONSTRUCTED

CREW LOCATION FILM BADGEDOSE (REM)

ABLE3 0 June - 1 July

2 July -17 JulyI8 July -19 July2 0 July -23 July

Evacuated aboarad BEXAR (APA-237)(Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof 22 miles)Aboard BARROWEvacuated aboard BEXARAboard BARR0 W

0 . 0 0 0

0.0070.0000.000

24 July -17 ‘4ugust

17 August

B A K E REvacuated aboard BEXAR(Observed Shot BAKER from a distanceof 16 miles)Crew transferred to GEORGE CLYMER (71)and others (43).

0.199



FINAL DISPOSITION: BARROW was towed to Kwajalein after CROSSROADS forradiological tests. It remained there until May 11, 1948, when it was scuttled offKwajalein.

16

USS BARROW (APA-61)

A BELOW DECKS

A1 SEPT

Days After BAKER

1000

SHIPBOARD GAMMA INTENSITY CURVES: The average gamma intensity curves fortopside amidships, and below decks locations on target ships are discussed in detail insections 2.4 and 4.0 of the basic report. The data points and average curve arepresented as a function of time in days after Shot Raker. The curves are sornetimesshown in a folded fashion and care should be exercised when reading the properintensity scale. In some cases the available data does not discriminate betweenindividual curves for each location.

Figure A-3. Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - LJSS BARROW (APA-61)

17


NON-REMANNED

SHIP: USS BRACKEN (APA-64)

CREW SIZE: 108

%IISSIOY: USS BRACKEN was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini prior toJune 30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon andremained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations thatoccurred on July 1 and July 25, 1946.


ABLE 1 July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Burst (+520 ft)BAKER 25 July 46 (08351 23 KT Shallow I Jnderwater f-90 ftl



30 June - 1 July

2 July -23 July24 July

ABLEEvacuated aboard HENRICO (APA-(Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof 12 miles)Aboard BRACKENCrew transferred to ROCKBRIDGE,HEYRICO, APPLING, and GUNSTON HALL.

RECONSTRUCTEDFILM BADGED O S E (REM)

0.000

0.000



FINAL DISPOSITION: BRACKEN was towed to Kwajalein after CROSSROADS where itwas retained for radiological test. It was sunk off Kwajalein on March 10, 1948.

18

USS BRACKEN (APA-64)

0.1

BELOW DECKS

ccn

.OOOl1 ’ AUG 10 I SEPT 100 1000

Days After BARER

SHIPBOARD GAMMA INTENSITY CURVES: The average gamma intensity curves fortopside amidships, and below decks locations on target ships are discussed in detail insections 2.4 and 4.0 of the basic report. The data points and average curve arepresented as a function of time in days after Shot Asker. The curves are sometimesshown in a folded fashion and care should be exercised when reading the properintensity scale. In some cases the available data does not discriminate betweenindividual curves for each location.

Figure A-4. Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS BRACKEN (APA-64)

19



SHIP: USS BRISCOE (APA-65)

CREW SIZE: 112

[MISSION: USS BRISCOE was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini prior toJune 30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon andremained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations thatoccurred on July I and July 25,1946.

SHOT DATA: TEST

ABLEB A K E R

DATE (1946)

30 June - 1 July

2 July -17 July18 July -19 July20 July -23 July

24 July - 2 August


DATE (TIME) YIELD TYPE DETONATION

1 July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Burst (+520 ft)25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow Underwater (-90 ft)


CREW LOCATION

ABLEEvacuated aboard BAYFIELD (APA-33)(Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof 22 miles)Aboard BRISCOEEvacuated aboard BAYFIELDAboard BRISCOE

B A K E REvacuated aboard BAYFIELD(Observed Shot BAKER from a distanceof 15 miles)Aboard ROCKWALL (APA-230)Crew transferred to ROCKWALL (42),CORTLAND (28), GENEVA (S), andothers.


0 . 0 0 0

0.0040.0000.000

0.062

0.136



FINAL DISPOSITION: USS BRISCOE was towed to Kwajalein where it was retained forradiological study. It was scuttled off Kwajalein on May 6, 1948.

2 0

USS BRISCOE (APA-65)

0.11 ' AL'G 10 1 SEPT 100 1000

Days After BAKER

SHIPBOARD GAMMA INTENSITY CURVES: The average gamma intensity curves fortopside amidships, and below decks locations on target ships are discussed in detail insections 2.4 and 4.0 of the basic report. The data points and average curve arepresented as a function of time in days after Shot Raker. The curves are sometimesshown in a folded fashion and care should be exercised when reading the properintensity scale. In some cases the available data does not discriminate betweenindividual curves for each location.

Figure A-5. Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - LJSS BRISCOE (APA-65)

21



SHIP: USS BRULE (APA-66)

CREW SIZE: 111

MISSION: USS BRULE was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini prior to June30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon and remainedthere as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations that occurred onJuly I and July 25, 1946.


ABLE 1 July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Burst (+520 ft)BAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow Underwater (-90 f t)



30 June - 2 July


ABLEEvacuated aboard BEXAR (APA-237)(Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof 22 miles)Aboard BRULEEvacuated aboard BEXARAboard BRULE


0.004

24 July -19 August

19 August

B A K E REvacuated aboard BEXAR(Observed Shot BAKER from a distanceof 16 miles)Crew transferred to NIAGARA (39),BEXAR (22), GENEVA (29), and others.


0 . 0 0 40.0000 . 0 0 0

0.209


FINAL DISPOSITION: BRULE was towed to Kwajalein after CROSSROADS forradiological tests. It was retained there until #uay 11, 1948 when it was scuttled offKwajalein at 8-47N, 167-18E.

21

USS BRULE (APA-66)

READ RIGHT

A BELOW DECKS

A1 I SEPT 100

Days After BAKER


Figure A-6. Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS BRULE (APA-66)

2 3



SHIP: USS BUTTE (APA-68)

CREW SIZE: 126

MISSION: USS BUTTE was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini prior to June30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon and remainedthere as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations that occurred onJuly 1 and July 25,1946.




DATE (1946)

3 0 June - 2 July

3 July -17 July18 July -19 July2 0 July -23 July

2 4 July -17 August

17 August

CREW LOCATION

ABLEEvacuated aboard BEXAR (APA-237)(Observed Shot ABLE from a distancesof 22 miles)Aboard BUTTEEvacuated aboard BEXARAboard BUTTE

B A K E REvacuated aboard BEXAR(Observed Shot BAKER from a distanceof 16 miles)Crew transferred to GEORGE CLYMER (781,BEXAR (33), and others.


0.004

0.0000.0000.000

0.199



FINAL DISPOSITION: BUTTE was towed to Kwajalein after CROSSROADS where it wasretained for radiological tests. It was scuttled off Kwajalein at 8-4ON, 167-15E ontMay 12, 1948.

2 4

USS BUTTE (APA-68)

0.11 AUG lo I SEPT 100 1000

Days After BAKER


Figure A-7. Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS BUTTE (APA-68)

2 5



SHIP: IJSS CARLISLE (APA-69)

CREW SIZE: 104

MISSION: USS CARLISLE was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini prior toJune 30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon andremained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonation thatoccurred on July 1, 1946.

SHOT DATA: TEST D A T E ( T I M E )YIELD TYPE DETONATION

ABLE I July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Burst (+520 ft)


DATE (1946) CREW LOCATIONRECONSTRUCTEDFILM BADGEDOSE (REM)

30 June - 5 July

5 July

ABLEEvacuated aboard BEXAR (APA-237)(Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof 22 miles)Crew transferred to various units.

0 . 0 0 5



FINAL DISPOSITION: CARLISLE sank in Bikini lagoon on July 1, 1946 as a result of ShotABLE.

2 6



27



SHIP: USS CARTERET (APA-70)

CREW SIZE: 119

MISSION: USS CARTERET was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini prior toJune 30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon andremained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations thatoccurred on July 1 and July 25, 1946.


ABLE 1 July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Burst (+520 f t)BAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow Underwater f-90 f t)


DATE ( 1946)

30 June - I July

2 July -23 July

CREW LOCATION

ABLEEvacuated aboard BEXAR (APA-237)(Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof 22 miles)Aboard CARTERET


0.000

0 . 0 0 6

24 July -19 August

20 August

B A K E REvacuated aboard BEXAR(Observed Shot BAKER from a distanceof 16 miles)Crew aboard GEORGE CLYMER whichdeparted Bikini on 20 August.

0.209

0.004



FINAL DISPOSITION: CARTERET was towed to Kwajalein after CROSSROADS forradiological study. It was sunk by gunfire of the USS TOLEDO on April 19, 1948 at 8-42N, 167-05E.

28

USS CARTERET (APA- 7 0 )

A1 1 SEFI 100

Days After BAKER

-3-0\

.OOl 5h42V-4

Ei4JCH

z!

i

2:

.OOOl pa2u-2

.000011000


Figure A-8. Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS CARTERET (APA-70)

29

SHIP: USS CA

CREW SIZE: 1

T

1



RON (APA- I)

6

MISSION: USS CATRON was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini prior toJune 30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon andremained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations thatoccurred on July 1 and July 25, 1946.


ABLE 1 July 4 6 (0900) 2 3 K T Air Burst (+520 ft)BAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow Underwater (-90 f t)


DATE ( 1946) CREW LOCATION

30 June - 1 July

2 July -23 July

ABLEEvacuated aboard HENRICO (APA-45)(Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof 12 miles)Aboard CATRON

24 July -12 August


B A K E REvacuated aboard HENRICO(Observed Shot BAKER from a distanceof 8 miles)A b o a r d R O C K I N G H A MCrew transferred to GEORGE CLYMER (55),rest to ROCKINGHAM (61).


0 . 0 0 0

0 . 0 0 3

0.197

0.038


This reconstruction does not include time aboard the target ship for activities such asdam age control, decontamination or inspection after the detonations except when theentire crew returned to live aboard the ship.

FINAL DISPOSITION: CATRON was towed to Kwajalein after CROSSROADS forF@ologicaI tests. It was sunk by the USS ATLANTA on May 6, 1948 at 9-02N, 167-.

3 0

USS CATRON (APA-71)

.OOOl0.1

1 lAUG1O I SF.PT 100 1000

Days After BAKER


Figure A-9. Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time -- USS CATRON (APA-71)

31



SHIP: USS CRITTENDEN (APA-77)

CREW SIZE: 112

MISSION: USS CRITTENDEN was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini priorto June 30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon andremained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations thatoccurred on July 1 and July 25, 1946.


ABLE 1 July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Burst (+520 ft)BAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow Underwater f-90 f t)



30 June-3 July


ABLEEvacuated aboard BEXAR (APA-237)(Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof 22 miles)Aboard CRITTENDENEvacuated aboard BEXARAboard CRITTENDEN

24 July -19 August

19 August-28 August

B A K E REvacuated aboard BEXAR(Observed Shot BAKER from a distanceof 16 miles)Crew transferred to GENEVA (29), GEORGECLYMER (36), FILLIMORE (31), and others (16).


0 . 0 0 5

0 . 0 4 00.0000.004

0.209



FINAL DISPOSITION: CRITTENDEN was towed to Kwajalein in August 1946 and thentowed to San Francisco in January 1947. While at San Francisco, it underwentradiological tests until October 5, 1948 when it was sunk by explosive tests at 32-05N, 119-05W.

32

USS CRITTEMDEN (APA- 77)

1 0 0

1 0

1.0

0.1 .OOOl1 I AuC 10 1 S E P T 100 1000

Days After BAKER


Figure A-10. Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS CRITTENDEN (APA-77)

3 3



SHIP: USS DAWSON (APA-79)

CREW SIZE: 110

MISSION: USS DAWSON was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini prior toJune 30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon andremained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations thatoccurred on July I and July 25, 1946.




DATE ( 1946)

3 0 June - 2 July


2 4 July -12 August


CREW LOCATION

ABLEEvacuated aboard HENRICO (APA-45)(Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof 12 miles)Aboard DA WSONEvacuated aboard HENRICOAboard DA WSON

B A K E REvacuated aboard HENRICO(Observed Shot BAKER from a distanceof 8 miles)Aboard ROCKBRIDGE (APA-228)Crew transferred to BLADEN (90), SANMARCOS (7), and others (13).


0.002

0 . 0 1 40 . 0 0 00.001

0.197

0.056



FINAL DISPOSITION: DAWSON was towed to Kwajalein after CROSSROADS forradiological study. On April 19, 1948, it was sunk by gunfire on USS HELENA at 8-47 N, 167-02E.

3 4

USS DAWSQN (APA-79)

100

10

1.0

0.1

AMIDSHIPS

-00013 0I ’ AUG 10 I S E P T 100 lO(

Days After BAKER


Figure A-11. Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS DAWSON (APA-79)

3 5

TARCETSHIPPARTICIPATIONSUMMARY


SHIP: USS FALLON (APA-81)

CREW SIZE: 127

MISSION: USS FALLON was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini prior toJune 30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon andremained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations thatoccurred on July I and July 25, 1946.




DATE (1946)

3 0 June - 1 July


2 4 July -23 August

CREW LOCATION

ABLEEvacuated aboard BEXAR (APA-237)Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof 22 miles)Aboard FALLONEvacuated aboard BEXARAboard FALLON

B A K E REvacuated aboard BEXAR which departedBikini on 23 August (Observed Shot BAKERfrom a distance of 16 miles)


0 . 0 0 0

0.0060 . 0 0 00 . 0 0 0

0 . 2 2 6



FINAL DISPOSITION: FALLON was towed to Kwajalein after CROSSROADS and wasretained there for radiological study. On March 10, 1948 it was scuttled offKwajalein.

3 6

c;SS FALLON ( A P A - 8 1 )

1

READ RIGHT

0 TOPSIDE

A BELCW DECKS

0 AMIDSHIPS

AI SEPT

1 0 0 1 0 0Days After BAKER

SHIPBOARD GAMMA INTENSITY CURVES: The average gamma intensity curves fortopside amidships, and below decks locations on target ships are discussed in detail insections 2.4 and 4.0 of the basic report. The data points and average curve arepresented as a function of time in days after Shot Raker. The curves are sometimesshown in a folded fashion and care should be exercised when reading the properintensity scale. In some cases the avaiIable data does not discriminate betweenindividual curves for each location.

.OOOl

10

Figure A-12. Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS FALLON (APA-81)

37



SHIP: USS GASCONADE (APA-85)

CREW SIZE: 105

MISSION: USS GASCONADE was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini priorto June 30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon andremained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations thatoccurred on July 1 and July 25, 1946.


ABLE 1 July 4 6 (0900)BAKER 25 July 46 (0835)

2 3 K T23 KT

Air Burst (+520 ft)Shallow Underwater (-90 f t)



ABLE


3 0 June - I July Evacuated aboard BEXAR (APA-237) 0.000(Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof 22 miles)

2 July -17 July Aboard GASCONADE 0.00118 July -19 July Evacuated aboard BEXAR 0.0002 0 July -23 July Aboard GASCONADE 0.000

24 July -12 August


B A K E REvacuated aboard BEXAR(Observed Shot BAKER from a distanceof 16 miles)Aboard SYLVANIA (AKA-44)Half of the crew transferred to SYLVANIAand half to BEXAR.

0.161

0.062



FINAL DISPOSITION: GASCONADE was towed to San Francisco after CROSSROADS,arriving there on January 27, 1947. There it underwent structural and radiologicaltests prior to being redesignated a target ship in March 1948. It was sunk bytorpedoes off southern California on July 21, 1948 at 31-35N, 118-33W.

38

USS GASCONADE (APA-85)

.OOOl1 1 AUG 1o 1 SEPT

1 0 0 1 0 0 0

Days After BAKER


Figure A-13. Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS GASCONADE (APA-85)

3 9



SHIP: USS GILLIAM (APA-57)

CREW SIZE: 91

MISSION: USS GILLIAM was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini prior toJune 30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon andremained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonation thatoccurred on July 1, 1946.

SHOT DATA: TEST DATE (TIME) YIELD TYPE DETONATION- -

ABLE 1 July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Burst (+520 f t)


RECONSTRUCTEDDATE (1946)

30 June - 8 July

8 July -5 September

CREW LOCATION

ABLEEvacuated aboard BOTTINEAU (APA-235)(Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof 25 miles)Aboard PALMYRA which departed Bikinion 5 September


0.001

0.378


FINAL DISPOSITION: GILLIAM sank in Bikini lagoon on July 1, 1946 as a result of ShotABLE.

4 0



41



SHIP: USS HUGHES (DD-410)

CREW SIZE: 81

MISSION: USS HUGHES was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini prior toJune 30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon andremained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations thatoccurred on July 1 and July 25, 1946.

SHOT DATA: TEST DATE (TIME)

ABLE 1 July 46 (0900)BAKER 25 July 46 (0835)

YIELD TYPE DETONATION - -

23 KT Air Burst (t520 f t)23 KT Shallow Underwater (-90 f t)



30 June - 1 July


ABLEEvacuated aboard BAYFIELD (APA-33)(Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof 22 miles)Aboard HUGHESEvacuated aboard BAYFIELDAboard HUGHES

B A K E R24 July -31 July

1 August-27 August

28 August

Evacuated aboard BAYFIELD(Observed Shot BAKER from a distanceof 15 miles)Aboard ROCKINGHAM (APA-229)which departed Bikini on 24 AugustCrew transferred to NIAGARA


0 . 0 0 0

0.0820.0000.002

0.024

0.206



FINAL DISPOSITION: HUGHES was beached at Enyu Island on July 26, 1946. It was latertowed to San Francisco for radiological tests and subsequently used as a target ship.It was finally sunk by.air attack on October 16, 1948 at 3L-47N, 11%4OW.

42

USS HUGHES (DD-410)

0.1

BELOW DECKS

A BELCW DECKS

A A.OOOl

1 1 AUC 10 I SEPT 100 1000Days After BAKER


Figure A-14. Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS HUGHES (DD-410)

4 3



SHIP: USS INDEPENDENCE (CVL-22)

CREW SIZE: 343

MISSION: USS INDEPENDENCE was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikiniprior to June 30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoonand remained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonationsthat occurred on July I and July 25, 1946.


ABLE 1 July 46 (0900) 2 3 K T Air Burst (+520 ft)B A K E R 25 July 46 (0835) 2 3 K T Shallow Underwater (-90 ft)


RECONSTRUCTEDDATE (1946)

30 June - 12 August

13 August- 18 August18 August

CREW LOCATION

ABLEEvacuated aboard ROCKWALL (APA-230)(Observed Shots ABLE and BAKER fromdistances of 23 and 16 miles,respectively)Aboard AJAX (AR-61Approximately half the crew transferredto ARTEMIS.


0.161

0.039



FINAL DISPOSITION: INDEPENDENCE was towed to Kwajalein on August 22, 1946. InOctober 1946, it was towed to San Francisco, arriving there on June 16, 1947. Whileat San Francisco, it underwent radiological tests and was eventually sunk in specialtests of new aerial and undersea weapons on January 26, 1951 at 37-20.3N, 123-04W.

4 4

USS INDEPENDENCE (CVL-22)

.OOOl0.11 1 AUC 10 i SEPT 100 1000

Days After BAKER


Figure A-15. Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS INDEPENDENCE (CVL-22)

45


NON-REMANNED

SHIP: USS LAMSON (DD-367)

CREW SIZE: 119

%llSSlON: 11% LAMSON w a s aJune 30, 1946 to prepareremained there as one ofoccurred on IJuly 1, 1946.

CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini prior tofor the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon andthe 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonation that

SHOT DATA: ?EST D A T E (TIME)YIELD TYPE DETONATION

ABLE 1 July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Burst (+520 ft)

AVERAGE CREW ME%IBER DOSE HISTORY

DATE (1946)

30 June - 9 July

CREW LOCATION

ABLEEvacuated aboard HENRICO (AP-45)(Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof 12 miles)Approximately half the crew transferred toAJAX for further assignment.

[email protected]%I BADGEDOSE (REM)

0.002


FINAL DISPOSITION: LAMSON sank in Bikini lagoon on July I, 1946 as a result of ShotABLE.

46



47



SHIP: USS LCI-327

CREW SIZE: 18

MISSION: USS LCI-327 was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini prior toJune 30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon andremained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations thatoccurred on July 1 and July 25, 1946.


ABLE I July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Burst (+520 ft)BAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow Underwater (-90 ft)


DATE (1946)

30 June - 1 July


24 July -31 July

1 August-23 August

28 August

CREW LOCATION

ABLEEvacuated aboard BAYFIELD (APA-33)(Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof 22 miles)Aboard LCI-327Evacuated aboard BAYFIELDAboard LCI-327

B A K E REvacuated aboard BAYFIELD(Observed shot BAKER from a distanceof 15 miles)Aboard ROCKBRIDGE (APA-228) whichdeparted Bikini on 23 August.Crew transferred to FALL RIVER (I), AJAX(141, and GENEVA (3).


0.000

0.0030.0000.000

0.024

0.284



FINAL DISPOSITION: LCI-327 was towed to KwajaIein after CROSSROADS where it wasbeached on Bascombe Island. It was destroyed on October 30, 1947.

4 8

A BELOW DECKS

1 1 SEPT 1000Days After BAKER


Figure A-16. Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS LCI-327

4 9


NON-REMANNED

SHIP: LCI-332

CREW SIZE: 17

MISSION: USS LCI-332 was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini prior toJune 30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon andremained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations thatoccurred on July 1 and July 25, 1944.

SHOT DATA: TEST D A T E ( T I M E ) _ Y I E L D _. TYPE DETONATION - - -

ABLE I July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Burst (+520 ft)BAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow Underwater (-90 ft)


DATE (1946)

30 June - 1 July

2 July -17 JulyIS July -19 July20 July -23 July

24 July -31 July

1 August-23 August

28 August

CREW LOCATION

ABLEEvacuated aboard BAYFIELD (APA-33)(abserved shot ABLE from a distanceof 22 miles)Aboard LCI-332Evacuated aboad BAYFIELDAboard LCI-332

BAKEREvacuated aboard BAYFIELD(Observed Shot BAKER from a distanceof 15 miles)Aboard ROCKBRIDGE (APA-228) whichdeparted Bikini on 23 August.Crew transferred to AJAX (12) andGENEVA ( I).

RECONSTRUCTEDFIL iM BADGEDOSE (REM)

0.000

0.0030.0000.000

0.024

0.284


This reconstruction does not include titne aboard the target ship for activities such asdamage control, decontamination or inspection after the detonations except when theentire crew returned to live aboard the ship.

FINAL DISPOSITION: LCI-332 was towed to I<wajalein after CROSSROADS where it wassunk in deep water in September 1947.

50

USS LCI -332

A BELOW DECKS

0 AMIDSHIPS

AI SEPT

Days After BAKER

‘--I 1 2! !4q .OOl :

a33 6 74

! !-7

I : :

.OOOl1000


Figure A-17. Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS LCT-332

5 1


NON-REIMANNED

SHIP: USS LCI-620

CREW SIZE: 16

MISSION: USS LCI-620 was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini prior toJune 30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was beached in the lagoon andremained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations thatoccurred on July I and July 25, 1946.

SHOT DATA: TEST D A T E ( T I M E ) _ YIELD TYPE DETONATION - - -


DATE (1946)

30 June - 3 August

4 August-13 August14 August-22 August

14 August-23 August


RECONSTRUCTEDCREW LOCATION FILM BADGE

DOSE (REM)ABLE/BAKER

Evacuated aboard BAYFIELD (APA-33)(Observed Shots ARLE and BAKER fromdistances of 22 and 15 miles,respectively)Aboard ROCKBRIDGEEnlisted crew aboard FILLMORE whichdeparted Bikini on 22 August.Officers aboard ROCKBRIDGE whichdeparted Bikini on 23 August.

0.063

0.1370.049

0.074

Total calculated dose while at Bikini: 0.249 REM (Enlisted)0.274 REM (Officers)


FINAL DISPOSITION: LCI-620 was towed to sea on August 10, 1946 and sunk by gunfire.

52


NON-REMANNED

SHIP: USS LSM-60

CREW SIZE: 44

MISSION: IlSS LSM-60 was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini on July 4,1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon and remained thereas one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonation that occurred July 25,1946.


BAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow Underwater (-90 ft)

. AVERAGE CREW MEMBER DOSE HISTORY

@ATE (1946)

4 July-17 July18 July-19 July20 July-24 July25 July

CREW LOCATION

BAKERAboard LSM-60Evacuated aboard ALBEMARLE (AV-5)Aboard LSM-60Evacuated aboard ALRE!~ARLE whichdeoarted Bikini on 25 July.(Observed Shot BAKER from a distanceof 8 miles).


RECONSTRUCTEDFIL44 BADGEDOSE (PEh/l)

0.0000.0000.0000.000

FINAL DISPOSITION: LSqn-60 was the bomb carrier for CROSSROADS Shot BAKER and,hence, sank in Bikini laqoon as a result of this detonation.

53



SHIP: USS LST-52

CREW SIZE: 63

MISSION: USS LST-52 was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini prior to June30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon and remainedthere as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations that occurred onJuly 1 and July 25, 1946.

SHOT DATA: TEST DATE (TIME) YIELD TYPE DETONATION- - _ --

ABLE I July 46 (0900)BAKEK 25 July 46 (0835)

23 KT Air Burst (+520 ft)23 KT Shallow Underwater (-90 ft)



ABLE


30 June - I July


Evacuated aboard ROCKWALL (APA-230)(Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof 23 miles)Aboard LST-52Evacuated aboard ROCKWALLAboard LST-52

0.000

0 . 0 1 20.0000.000

24 July -18 August

19 August-26 August

B A K E REvacuated aboard ROCKWALL(Observed Shot BAKER from a distanceof 16 miles)Aboard DIXIE which departed Bikini on25 August.

0.203

0.025



FINAL DISPOSITION: LST-52 was decommissioned on August 23, 1946 and towed toKwajalein. There, it was sunk by gunfire from the USS OAKLAND in April 1948 at8-47 N, 167-25E.

54

USS LST-52

100

10

1

A BELOW DECKS

.OOlA

1 1o 1 S E P T 100 1000Days After BAKER


Figure A-18. Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS LST-52

55

- -


NON-RE%IANNED

SHIP: USS LST-125

CREW SIZE: 56 (onlv 2 remained after 13 July)

VISSION: IJSS LST-125 was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini on July 9,1946 from Subic Ray, P.I. to prepare for the operation. It was beached in the lagoonand remained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonation thatoccurred on July 25, 1946.


BAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow Underwater (-90 ft)

AVERAGE CREW MEhJBER DOSE HISTORY

DATE (1946) CREW LOCA-I ION

Unknown

RECONSTRUCTEDFILM BADGEDosE (REM)

Total calculated dose while at Bikini: Unknown (All but 2 crew members departed Rikiniby 13 July).

FINAL DISPOSITION: LST-125 remained beached in Rikini lagoon until August 11, 1946. Itwas then towed out to sea and sunk by gunfire of the USS FALL RIVER on August 14,1946 at II-25N, 165-25E.

56

OATA NOT AVAILABLE TO RECONSTRUCT


57


NON-REtMANNED

SHIP: USS LST-133

CKEW SIZE: 78

MISSION: USS LST-133 was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini prior toJune 30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was beached in the lagoon andremained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations thatoccurred on July I and July 25, 1946.

SHOT DATA: TEST D A T E ( T I M E ) _ YIELD TYPE DETONATION - --

ABLE I July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Burst (+520 ft)BAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow Underwater i-90 f t)


DATE f 1946) CREW LOCATIONRECONSTRUCTEDFILM BADGEDOSE (REM)

25 June - 1 July


ABLEEvacuated aboard ROCKWALL (APA-230)(Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof 23 miles)Aboard LST- 133Evacuated aboard ROCK WALLAboard LST-133

23 July -19 August

28 August

BAKEREvacuated aboard ROCKWALL which departedBikini on 19 August.(Observed Shot BAKER from a distanceof 16 miles)Majority of crew transferred to AJAX,DIXIE, and GENEVA.

0.000

0.0000.0000.000

0.207



FINAL DISPOSITION: LST-133 was decommissioned on August 28, 1946 and towed toKwajalein where it was deliberately sunk on May 11, 1948 at 8-48N, 167-10E.

58

USS LST-133

READ RIGHT

A BELOW DECKS

A1 SEPT

Days After BAKER



59



SHIP: USS LST-220

CREW SIZE: 59

MISSION: USS LST-220 was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini prior toJune 30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon andremained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations thatoccurred on July 1 and July 25, 1946.

SHOT DATA: TEST D A T E ( T I M E )YIELD TYPE DETONATION __




30 June - I July

2 July -23 July

ABLEEvacuated aboard ROCKWALL (APA-230)(Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof 23 miles)Aboard LST-220

24 July -19 AugustB A K E R

Evacuated aboard ROCKWALL which departedBikini on 19 August(Observed Shot BAKER from a distanceof 16 miles)

20 August-23 August Crew transferred to AJAX which departedbikini on 23 August.



0.000

0.005

0.207

0.014


FINAL DISPOSITION: LST-220 was decommissioned on August 27, 1946. It was towed toKwajalein and deliberately destroyed on lMay 12, 1948 at 8-44N, 167-25E.

60

USS LST-220

A BELOW DECKS

A -1 SEPi 100

Days After BAKER1000


Figure A-20. Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs.Time - USS LST-220

61



SHIP: USS LST-545

CREW SIZE: 47

MISSION: USS LST-545 was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini prior toJune 30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon andremained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations thatoccurred on July I and July 25, 1946.


ABLE 1 July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Burst (+520 f t)BAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow Underwater f-90 f t)


DATE f 1946) CREW LOCATION

29 June - I July


ABLEEvacuated aboard ROCKWALL (APA-230)(Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof 23 miles)Aboard LST-545Evacuated aboard ROCKWALLAboard LST-545

24 July -17 August

18 August-23 August

B A K E REvacuated aboard ROCKWALL(Observed Shot BAKER from a distanceof 16 miles)Crew transferred to AJAX whichdeparted Bikini on 23 August.

R E C O N S T K U C T E DFILM BADGEDOSE (REM)

0 . 0 0 0

0 . 0 0 2o.oco0.000

0.198

0.024



FINAL DISPOSITION: LST-545 was decommissioned on August 27, 1946. It was thentowed to Kwajalein where it was deliberately sunk on [May 12, 1948 at 8-48N, 167-21E.

6 2

USS LST-545

0 TOPSIDE

A BELOW DECKS

AMIDSHIPS lj.{:j:ff

0 .1 &1o 1 S E P T100 lOO(

Days After BAKER

.OOOl

3


Figure A-2 1. Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS LST-545

6 3

.



SHIP: USS LST-661

CREW SIZE: 62 (By 24 July only 18 men still at Bikini)

MISSION: USS LST-661 was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini prior toJune 30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon andremained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations thatoccurred on July I and July 25, 1946.


ABLE 1 July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Burst (+520 ft)BAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow Underwater f-90 ft)



29 June - 1 July


24 July -18 August

19 August-23 August

28 August

ABLEEvacuated aboard ROCKWALL (APA-230)(Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof 23 miles)Aboard LST-66 1Evacuated aboard ROCKWALLAboard LST-661

B A K E REvacuated aboard ROCKWALL(Observed Shot BAKER from a distanceof 16 miles)Aboard AJAX (AR-6) which departedBikini on 23 August.Crew transferred to GENEVA (8) and others.


0.000

0.0070 . 0 0 00.000

0 . 2 0 3

0 . 0 1 9

Total calculated dose while at Bikini: 0.229 REIM


FINAL DISPOSITION: LST-661 was towed to Kwajalein after CROSSROADS where it wasdeliberately sunk on July 25, 1948 at 8-51.4N, 167-20.3E.

6 4

0 TOPSIDE

A BELOW DECKS

0 AMIDSHIPS

A1 S E P T

Days After BAKER1000



65



SHIP: USS MAYRANT (DD-402)

CREW SIZE: 109

MISSION: USS MAYRANT was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini prior toJune 30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon andremained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations thatoccurred on July 1 and July 25, 1946.


ABLE 1 July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Burst (+520 f t)BAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow Underwater (-90 f t)


DATE (1946)

30 June - 2 July

3 July -17 July18 July -23 July

24 July- 6 August

7 August-II August12 August-25 August

27 August

CREW LOCATION

ABLEEvacuated aboard BOTTINEAU (APA-234)(Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof 25 miles)Aboard MAYRANTEvacuated aboard BOTTINEAU

B A K E REvacuated aboard BOTTINEAU(Observed Shot BAKER from a dictanceof 16 miles)Aboard ROCKBRIDGE (APA-228)Aboard DIXIE (AD-14) which departedBikini on 25 August.iMajority of crew transferred to BLADEN.


0.001

0.0000.000

0.131

0.0790.073


This reconstruction does not include tirne aboard the target ship for activities such asdamage control, decontamination or inspection after the detonations except when theentire crew returned to live aboard the ship.

FINAL DISPOSITION: tM.qYRANT was decommissioned on August 28, 1946. It was towedto Kwajalein for radiological tests and was deliberately sunk on April 4, 1948 byguns and torpedoes of DESDIV 12 at S-49N, 167-23E.

6 6

USS MAYRANT (DD-402)

0.1

BELOW DECKS

READ RIGHT

BELOW DECKS

A A.noo1

1 1 A U G 1o 1 SEPT1 0 0 1000

Days After BAKER


Figure A-23. Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS MAYRANT (DD-402)

6 7



SHIP: USS MUGFORD (DD-389)

CREW SIZE: 126

MISSION: USS MUGFORD was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini prior toJune 30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon andremained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations thatoccurred on July I and July 25, 1946.

SHOT DATA: TEST DATE (TIME) _ YIELD TYPE DETONATION -

ABLE 1 July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Burst (+520 ft)BAKER 25 July 46 (0835j 23 KT Shallow Underwater (-90 f t)



30 June- 1 July


ABLEEvacuated aboard BOTTINEAU (APA-235)(Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof 25 miles)Aboard MUGFORDEvacuated aboard BOTTINEAUAboard MUGFORD

B A K E R24 July -7 August Evacuated aboard BOTTINEAU

(Observed Shot BAKER from a distanceof 16 miles)

8 August-17 August Aboard ROCKWALL (APA-230)18 August -20 August Half aboard BLADEN (APA-63) which

departed Bikini on 20 August.Remaining crew transferred to various units.



0.000

0.0000.0000.000

0.143

0.0980.014


FINAL DISPOSITION: MUGFORD was towed to Kwajalein sometime after August 18,1946. It remained there for decontamination experiments until it was scuttled offKwajalein on March 22, 1948.

6 8

USS IWGFORD (DD-389)

>\!--I i I\

t .Y:it.‘t :.i _: i

BELOW DECKS

AMIDSHIPS

- _- A1 I SEPT 100

Days After BAKER

0 TOPSIDE

A BELOW DECKS

0 AMIDSHIPS


Figure A-24. Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS MLJGFORD (DD-389)

69


NON-REMANNED

SHIP: USS MUSTIN (00-413)

CREW SIZE: 112

MISSION: USS MUSTIN was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini prior toJune 30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon andremained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations thatoccurred on July 1 and July 25, 1946.




DATE (1946)

30 June - 1 July

2 July -23 July

24 July - 6 August

7 August -17 August17 August-28 August

CREW LOCATION

ABLEEvacuated aboard BOTTINEAU (APA-235)(Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof 25 miles)Aboard MUSTIN

RECONSTKUCTEDFILM BADGEDOSE (REM)

0.000

0.003

BAKEREvacuated aboard BOTTINEAU(Observed Shot BAKER from a distanceof 16 miles)Aboard ROCKBRIDGE (APA-228)Crew transferred to ROCKWALL (88),PALMYRA (5), and others.

0.131

0.140



FINAL DISPOSITION: MUSTIN was decommissioned on August 28, 1946. It had beentowed to KwajaIein where it remained until it was destroyed by gunfire on April 18,1948 at 8-47.8N, 167-11.5E.

70

USS IXJSTIN (DD-413)

0.1I SEP7

.I ._ :t .:I

. o o o

10

Days After BAKER


Figure A-25. Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - LJSS MUSTIN (DD-413)

7 1


NON-REMANNED

SHIP: NACATO ( Ex-Japanese BB)

CREW SIZE: 172

MISSION: NAGATO was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini prior to June30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon and remainedthere as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations that occurred onJuly 1 and July 25, 1946.


ABLE 1 July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Burst (+520 ft)BAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow Underwater f-90 ft)

DATE (1946)

30 June - 6 July

7 July -15 July

16 July - 4 August

4 August



DOSE (REM)ABLE

Evacuated aboard ROCKINGHAM (APA-229)(Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof 18 miles)

0.001

Aboard ROCKBRIDGE IAPA-288)(75 men transferred to CHILTON andUS on 12 July)

0.008

BAKERAboard ROCKINGHAM(Observed Shot BAKER from a distanceof 16 miles)

0.084

Crew transferred to FALL RIVER (361,APPLING (IO), SALT LAKE CITY (14), and others.



FINAL DISPOSITION: NAGATO sank on the night of 29-30 July 1946 in Bikini lagoon as aresult of shot BAKER.

72

NAGATO (EX-JAPANESE BB)

TOPSIDE

BELOW DECKS

0.1

1 A1 S E P T

1 0 0 1 0 0 0

Days After BAKER

0 0 0


1

Figure A-26. Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - NAGATO (EX-JAPANESE BB)

73


NON-REMANNED

SHIP: USS NEVADA (BB-36)

CREW SIZE: 403

MISSION: USS NEVADA was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini prior toJune 30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon andremained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations thatoccurred on July I and July 25, 1946.

SHOT DATA: TEST DATE (TIME) YIELD TYPE DETONATION_.__ - - -

ABLE 1 July 46 COSOO) 23 KTBAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT

Air Burst (t520 ft)Shallow Underwater (-90 f t)


DATE (1946)

I July - 8 July

9 July -16 July17 July -IS July19 July -23 July

RECONSTRUCTEDCREW LOCATION FIL,u BADGE

DOSE (REM)ABLE

Evacuated aboard GEORGE CLYMER (APA-27) 0.000(Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof 21 miles)Aboard NEVADA 0.012Evacuated aboard GEOKGE CLYMER 0.000Aboard NEVADA 0.006

24 July -17 August

18 August-19 August

19 August-29 August

BAKEREvacuated aboard GEOKGE CLYMER 0.234(Observed Shot BAKER from a distanceof 16 miles)Aboard COKTLAND (APA-75) which departed 0.009Bikini on 19 AugustCrew transferred to GENEVA (13) andCORTLAND (224) 29 August, GEORGE CLY MER(71) 19 August, DIXIE (16) and GENEVA (8)28 August.



FINAL DISPOSITION: NEVADA was decommissioned at Kwajalein on 29 August 1946 andthen towed to Pearl Harbor for radiological testing, arriving 15 May 1947. On 31July 1948, after four days of gunfire, bombs, rockets, and torpedoes from Task~~~~~ 12, it sank 65 miles SW of Pearl Harbor at 20-58N, 159-17W in 2600 fathoms of.

7 4

USS NEVADA (BB-36)

0.1

READ RIGHT

f / 1I0 TOPSIDE

AMIDSHIPS

A1 SEPT

Days After BAKER


Figure A-27. Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS NEVADA (BB-36)

7 5


NON-REMANNED

SHIP: USS NEW YORK (55-34)

CREW SIZE: 536

MISSION: USS NEW YORK was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini on June15, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon and remainedthere as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations that occurred onJuly 1 and July 25, 1946.

SHOT DATA:

DATE (1946)

TEST D A T E ( T I M E )YIELD TYPE DETONATION

ABLE 1 July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Durst (+520 ft)BAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow Underwater f-90 ft)



DOSE (REM)ABLE

30 June - 1 July


Evacuated aboard ROCKBRIDGE t APA-228)(Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof 21 miles)Aboard NEW YORKEvacuated aboard ROCKBRIDGEAboard NEW YORK

0.000

0.0060.0000.000

24 July -23 August

27 August

BAKEREvacuated aboard ROCKBRIDGE whichdeparted Bikini on 23 August.(Observed shot DAKER from a distanceof 16 miles)Crew transferred to ROCKWALL (90),GENEVA (63) and DIXIE (17).

0.325



FINAL DISPOSITION: NEW YOKK was towed to Kwjalein on August 22, 1946 where it wasdecommissioned on August 29, 1946. It was then towed to Pearl Harbor forradiological testing, arriving 15 March 1947. It was deliberately sunk 40 miles SW ofthe harbor on July 8, 1948.

76

USS NEW YORK (BB-34)

0.1

BELOW DECKSDECON

Y ---. - , , ji ltiilil

7.I ! REAn T,EFT 4 1 1.1 IU.

0 TOPSIDE

a BELOW DECKS

1 ' AuC 10 1 SEPT 100 1000

Days After BAKER

SHIPBOARD GAh4MA INTENSITY CURVES: The average gamma intensity curves fortopside amidships, and below decks locations on target ships are discussed in detail insections 2.4 and 4.0 of the basic report. The data points and average curve arepresented as a function of time in days after Shot Raker. The curves are sornetimesshown in a folded fashion and care should be exercised when reading the properintensity scale. In some cases the available data does not discriminate betweenindividual curves for each location.

Figure A-28. Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS NEW YORK (BB-34)

77


NON-REMANNED

SHIP: USS PENNSYLVANIA (98-38)

CKEW SIZE: 434

,MISSION: USS PENNSYLVANIA was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikiniprior to June 30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoonand remained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonationsthat occurred on July I and July 25, 1946.

SHOT DATA: _ _ _ D A T E ( T I M E )TEST YIELD TYPE DETONATION~ - - -._ _-

ABLE 1 July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Burst it520 f t)BAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow Underwater (-90 ft)

AVERAGE CKE W MEMBER DOSE HISTOKY

DATE (1946)

30 June - 2 July

30 June - 2 July

3 July -16 July17 July -1s July19 July -23 July

24 July -26 July

27 July-15 August16 August-21 August

28 August

CREW LOCATION

ABLE;Llajority of crew evacuated aboardGEOKGE CLYMER (APA-27)Final detail evacuated aboardROCKBKIDGE (APA-228)(Observed shot ABLE from a distanceof 21 miles)Aboard PENNSYLVANIAEvacuated aboard GEOKGE CLYMEK4board PENNSYLVANIA

BAKERMajority of crew evacuated aboardGEOKGE CLYMERFinal detail evacuated aboard ROCKBKIDGE(Observed Shot BAKER from a distanceof 16 miles)Aboard GEOKGE CL YMERAboard NI/\GARA (APA-57) which departedBikini on 21 August.Crew transferred to various units.

RECONSTKUCTEDF1L.M BADGEDOSE (KEM)

0.000

0.001

0.0000.0000.000

0.0000.000

0.2220.032

Total calculated dose while at Bikini: 0.255 KEM if aboard KOCKBRIDGE for ABLE0.254 REM if aboard GEORGE CLYMER for ABLE

This reconstruction does not include tirne aboard the target ship for activities such asdalnage control, decontamination or inspection after the detonations except when theentire crew returned to live aboard the ship.

FINAL DIS POSITIQN: PENNSYLVANIA was decolnmissioned on :lugust 29, 1946. Itremained in Kwajalein lagoon for radiological and structural studies until it wasdeliberately sunk off Kwajalein on February IO, 1943.

liSS PENNSYLVANIA (BB-38)

IDE...-~.- *.

/ ‘Ii---~-lr:

t , sti/.__- t READ RIGHT

BELOW i)I'CKS

-

READ LEFT

.L1.0 j AND- - .; e,I 11

I I !ll/ll- AHIDSBIPS I\

: I\' ! ! ! ii i j ! II I II :/ t III II

1

Days After BAKER


Figure A-29. Shipboard Gamma intensity vs. Time - USS PENNSYLVANIA (RH-38)

79


NON-REMANNED

SHIP: USS PENSACOLA (C4-24)

CREW SIZE: 354

,MISSION: USS PENSACOLA was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini prior toJune 30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon andremained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations thatoccurred on July I and July 25, 1946.

SHOT DATA: TEST D A T E ( T I M E ) _ YIELD TYPE DETONATION - -

ABLE 1 July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Burst (+520 ft)BAKEK 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow Underwater q-90 ft)

AVEKAGE CREW MEMBER DOSE HISTORY


30 June - 6 July

7 July -17 July18 July14 July -24 July

ABLEEvacuated aboard ROCKINGHAM (APA-229)(Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof 18 miles)Aboard PENSACOLAEvacuated aboard ROCKINGHAMAboard PENSACOLA

25 July -19 August

19 August-28 August

BAKEREvacuated aboard ROCKINGHAM(Observed Shot BAKER frorn a distanceof 16 miles)Crew transferred to GEORGE CLYMER (189),FILLMORE (51, and HAVEN (3).


0.001

0.0100.0000.004

0.216



FINAL DISPOSITION: PENSACOLA was towed to Kwajalein and then to Bremerton forradiological tests. It was deliberately sunk on November 10, 1948 at 4%12N, 127-OIWin 1400 fathoms.

80

USS PENSACOLA (CA-24)

\ \ ,I I //I h, I !I I I:llll I\ I YI i _ .

I!!!:_

\ I \; 1 -1 t.tlqlY t t:i ItI ‘%-1 ,! ! ! !.! ! i\.- / !.. t i--m-f -I- --t REA

A BELOW DECKS

.i.. h0.1 .OOOl101 ilG lo 1 0 0

Days After BAKER

SHIPAOARD GAMMA INTENSITY CURVES: The average gamma intensity curves fortopside amidships, and below decks locations on target ships are discussed in detail insections 2.4 and 4.0 of the basic report. The data points and average curve arepresented as a function of time in days after Shot Raker. The curves are sometimesshown in a folded fashion and care should be exercised when reading the properintensity scale. In some cases the available data does not discriminate betweenindividual curves for each location.

Figure A-30. Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS PENSACOLA (CA-24)


NON-REMANNED

SHIP: USS PILOTFISH (SS-386)

CREW SIZE: 52

MISSION: USS PILOTFISH was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini prior toJune 30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon andremained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations thatoccurred on July 1 and July 25, 1946.

SHOT DATA: TEST D A T E ( T I M E ) _ YIELD TYPE DETONATION - - -

ABLE 1 July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Burst (t520 ft)BAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow Underwater (-90 ft)



ABLE


30 June - 3 July Evacuated aboard BOTTINEAU (APA-235) 0.001tabserved Shot ABLE from a distanceof 25 miles)

3 July -23 July Aboard PILOTFISH 0.001

24 July - 8 August


BAKEREvacuated aboard BOTTINEAU (APA-235)(Observed Shot BAKER from a distanceof 16 miles)Aboard FILLMORE (APA-83)Crew transferred to ROCKWALL (8),DENTUDA (4), TUNA (31, SYLVANIA (121,COUCAL (51, and ST. CROIX (5).

0.158

0.049



FINAL DISPOSITION: PILOTFISH sank in Bikini lagoon as a result of Shot RAKER. It waseventually resurfaced and salvaged for examination, but then, resunk as a target onOctober 16, 1948.

82



83



SHIP: PRINZ EUGEN (Ex-German CA)

CREW SIZE: 444

MISSION: PRINZ EUGEN was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini prior toJune 30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon andremained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations thatoccurred on July 1 and July 25, 1946.


ABLE 1 July 4 6 (0900) 2 3 KT Air Burst (+520 ft)B A K E R 2 5 July 4 6 (0835) 2 3 K T Shallow Underwater (-90 ft)


DATE (1946) C R E W L O C A T I O N

30 June - 2 July

3 July -21 July

ABLEEvacuated aboard ROCKINGHAM (APA-229)(Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof 18 miles)Aboard PRINZ EUGEN(Probably a practice evacuationaboard the ROCKINGHAM on 18-19 July)

22 July -16 August

16 August-20 August

28 August

B A K E REvacuated aboard ROCKINGHAM(Observed Shot BAKER from a distanceof 16 miles)Aboard BLADEN (APA-63) which departedBikini on 20 AugustCrew transferred to GENEVA (70) andothers (41).


0.001

0.001

0.200

0.027


This reconstruction does not include time aboard the target ship for activities such asdarnage control, decontamination or inspection after the detonations except when theentire crew returned to live aboard the ship.

FINAL L)ISPOSITION: PRINZ EUGEN was towed to Kwajalein after CROSSROADS. Itwas to be beached at Enubuj Island, but following a storm, it sank nearby onDecember 22, 1946.

84

PRINZ EUGEN (EX-GERMAN CA)

1 ’ *lJc 10 I SEPT 1 0 0Days After BAKER

.OOOl


Figure A-31. Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - PRINZ ELJGEN (EX-GERMAN CA)

85



SHIP: USS RALPH TALBOT (DD-390)

CREW SIZE: 132

MISSION: USS RALPH TALBOT was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikiniprior to June 30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoonand remained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonationsthat occurred on July I and July 25, 1946.



YIELD TYPE DETONATION --

23 KT Air Burst (+520 ft)23 KT Shallow Underwater (-90 f t)



3 0 June - 1 July


2 4 July -13 August

I4 August-16 August17 August-19 August

ABLEEvacuated aboard HENriICO (APA-45)(Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof 12 miles)Aboard RALPH TALBOTEvacuated aboard HENRICOAboard RALPH TALBOT

B A K E REvacuated aboard HENRICO(Observed Shot BAKER from a distanceof 8 miles)Aboard ROCKINGHAM (APA-229)Aboard ROCKWALL which departedBikini on 19 August.


0 . 0 0 0

0.3240 . 0 0 00.000

0.205

0.0230.015



FINAL DISPOSITION: RALPH TALBOT was decommissioned on August 28, 1946. It wastowed to Kwajalein where it was retained for radiological study until it wasdeliberately sunk in Nlarch 1948.

USS RALPH TALBOT (DD-390)

I ‘..’I ,, I !,I II,:: .- .:‘): :-: -. ::I:~:~I-::~::‘..1.:’i i’ i-l. i -i .i i:i.ii ! :. I 1 I I i I-r

0.1

f I I ?+, TOPSIDE [ j i ,

BELOW DECKS

AMIP------

/. ..+ _,.., , ( I !lli ..I:-‘it:: ::I t {i/i READ RIGHT__.4:--:t:: .t ,:t t-t t t

i

a BELOW DECKS

A A .OOOl

1 1 AUG 1o I SEPT 100 1000

Days After BAKER


Figure h-32. Shipboard Gamma Intensity VS. Time - USS RALPH TALBOT (DD-390)

87


NON-REMANNED

SHIP: USS RHIND (DD-404)

CREW SIZE: 104

MISSION: USS RHIND was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini prior to June30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon and remainedthere as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations that occurred onJuly I and July 25, 1946.

SHOT DATA: TEST DATE (TIME) _ YIELD _ T Y P E D E T O N A T I O N _



DATE (1946)

30 June - I July

2 July -17 July18 July -19 July2C July -24 July

CREW LOCATION

ABLEEvacuated aboard BAYFIELD (APA-33)(Observed shot ABLE from a distanceof 22 miles)Aboard RHIN DEvacuated aboard BAYFIELDAboard RHIND

RECONSTRUCTEDFILIM BADGEDOSE (REM)

0.000

0.0550.0000.002

25 July -31 July


BAKEREvacuated aboard BAYFIELD(Observed Shot BAKER from a distanceof 15 miles)Aboard ROCKINGHAM (APA-229)Crew transferred to ROCKWALL (83),ROCKINGHAM (19), and PALMYRA (5).

0.024

0.185



FINAL DISPOSITION: R H I N D w a s d e c o m m i s s i o n e d o n A u g u s t 2 8 , 1 9 4 6 . A f t e rCROSSROADS it was towed to KwajaIein for radiological tests and subsequentlyscuttled on IMarch 22, 1948.

88

USS RHIND (DD-404)

i t t illlflA .OOOl

1 S E P T 100 1000

Days After BAKER


Figure A-33. Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS RHIND (DD-404)

89


NON-REMANNED

SHIP: SAKAWA &x-Japanese-CL)

CREW SITE: 143 (Estimated)

MISSION: SAKAWA was a CQOSSROADC target ship and arrived at Bikini prior to June30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon and remainedthere as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonation that occurred onJuly 1, 1946.

SHOT DATA:

DATE (19461

TEST DATE (TIME) YIELD TYPE DETOr\lATION - - -

ABLE 1 July 46 (OSOOI 23 KT Air Rurst f+520 ft)

.AVERAGE CREW MEMBER DOSE r-iISTORY

RECOYSTQIJCTEDCQEW LOCATION FILM BADGE

r)OSF. (REM)

30 June - 8 July

8 July

Evacuated aboard QOCYINGHAV (APA-229)(Observed Shot A9LE from a distanceof 18 miles)Crew transferred to ROLETTE (17), OTTAWA(16), NIAGARA (5), LST-113 (15), PAL?JYQA(8), NEW YORK (I), and AJAX (19).

0.003



FINAL I)ISPOSITION: The SAKAWA sank in Bikini lagoon on July ?, 1946 as a result ofShot ARLF,.

90



9 1


NON-REMANNED

SHIP: USS SALT LAKE CITY (CA-25)

CREW SIZE: 335

MISSION: USS SALT LAKE CITY was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikiniprior to June 30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoonand remained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonationsthat occurred on July 1 and July 25, 1946.

SHOT DATA: TEST D A T E ( T I M E )YIELD TYPE DETONATION -

ABLE 1 July 46 COSOO> 23 KT Air Burst (~520 f t)BAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow Underwater f-90 ft)


DATE ( 1946)

30 June - 6 July


24 July -23 August

28 August

CREW LOCATIONRECONSTRUCTEDFILM BADGEDOSE (REM)

ABLEEvacuated aboard ROCKBRIDGE (APA-228)(Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof 21 miles)Aboard SALT LAKE CITYEvacuated aboard ROCKBRIDGEAboard SALT LAKE CITY

0.001

0.0030.0000.001

BAKEREvacuated aboard ROCKBRIDGE whichdeparted Bikini on 23 August.(Observed Shot BAKER from a distanceof I6 miles)Crew transferred to ROCKWALL (191, ROCK-BRIDGE (129), FILLMORE (14) and others.

0.325


This reconstruction does not include tirne aboard the target ship for activities such asdamage control, decontamination or inspection after the detonations except when theentire crew returned to live aboard the ship.

FINAL DISPOSITION: SALT LAKE CITY was decommissioned on August 28, 1946. AfterCROSSROADS it was towed to Bremerton via Pearl Harbor for radiological tests.On May 25, 1948, it was sunk off San Diego at 31-57N, 119-54W after a 4-hourbombardment from planes and ships.

92

USS SALT LAKE CITY (M-25)

1:: i jj.: : : + ..f - : i : :~I : !;:.,: j:.: i iiiiii _..::.. : .: ::: -. .: ..I 1:::

BELOW DECK

-’ Ir,

t\t j,t!ti-I ..!.. T fit

I .at...: i 1-i kAMIDSHIPS --

READ RIGHT

e READ LEFT G,.I I/,(

.I’ i I J

0 TOPSIDE

A BELOW DECKS

0 AMIDSHIPSI..-L

i--

,I

t !i I tll.0.1A

1 lo I S E P T 100Days After BAKER

1000

SHIPBOARD GAMMA INTENSITY CURVES: The average gamma intensity curves fortopside amidships, and below decks locations on target ships are discussed in detail insections 2.4 and 4.0 of the basic report. The data points and average curve arepresented as a function of time in days after Shot F3aker. The curves are sometimesshown in a folded fashion and care should be exercised when reading the properintensity scale. In some cases the available data does not discriminate betweenindividual curves for each location.

Figure A-34. Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS SALT LAKE CITY (CA-25)

9 3



SHIP: USS SARATOGA (CV-3)

CREW SIZE: 589

MISSION: USS SARATOGA was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini prior toJune 30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon andremained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations thatoccurred on July 1 and July 25, 1946.

SHOT DATA: TEST DATE (TIME) _ YIELD TYPE DETONATION- - -

ABLE 1 July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Burst (+520 ft)BAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow Underwater q-90 ft)


DATE (1946) CREW LOCATIONRECONSTRUCTED

ABLE


3 0 June - I July Evacuated aboard ROCKWALL (APA-230) 0 . 0 0 0(Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof 23 miles)

2 July -16 July Aboard SARATOGA 0 . 0 0 217 July -18 July Evacuated aboard ROCKWALL 0 . 0 0 019 July -24 July Aboard SARATOGA 0.000

25 July - 3 August

3 August- 5 August

B A K E REvacuated aboard ROCKWALL(Observed Shot BAKER from a distanceof 16 miles)Crew transferred to various units.

0.070



FINAL DISPOSITION: SARATOGA sank in Bikini lagoon on July 25, 1946 as a result ofShot BAKER.

94



95


NON-REMANNED

SHIP: USS SKATE (SS-305)

CREW SIZE: 53

MISSION: USS SKATE was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini prior to June30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon and remainedthere as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations that occurred onJuly 1 and July 25, 1946.



DATE ( 1946)

30 June - 4 July

5 July -23 July

24 July -8 August

9 August-22 August

27 August


CREW LOCATION

ABLEEvacuated aboard BOTTINEAU (APA-235)(Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof 25 miles)Aboard SKATE

BAKEREvacuated aboard BOTTINEAU(Observed Shot BAKER from a distanceof 16 miles)Aboard FILLMORE (APA-83) which departedBikini on 22 August.Aboard FULTON


0.001

0.270

0.158

0.066


This reconstruction does not include time aboard the target ship for activities such asdamage control, decontamination or inspection alter the detonations except when theentire crew returned to live aboard the ship.

FINAL DISPOSITION: On August 23, 1946, SKATE was towed to Kwajalein and then on toPearl Harbor, arriving there on September 5, 1946. It was then towed to SanFrancisco, arriving there on October 22, 1946 and subsequently placed in drydock atMARE ISLAND. SKATE was decommissioned on December 11, 1946 and deliberaelysunk in 1948 at 32-OON, 119-04W.

96

LJSS SKATE (SS-305)

100

1 0

1.0

0.1

BELOW -y. I! !u

- -

0 0 01’ AuC 10

A AI SEPT l( IO 1 0

Days After BAKER

1

SHIPBOARD GAMMA INTENSITY CURVES: The average gamma intensity curves fortopside amidships, and below decks locations on target ships are discussed in detail insections 2.4 and 4.0 of the basic report. The data points and average curve arepresented as a function of time in days after Shot Baker. The curves are sornetimesshown in a folded fashion and care should be exercised when reading the properintensity scale. In some cases the available data does not discriminate betweenindividual curves for each location.

Figure A-35. Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS SKATE (SS-305)

9 7


NON-KE MANNE D

SHIP: USS SKIPJACK (SS-184)

CKEW SIZE: 78

MISSION: USS SKIPJACK was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini prior toJune 30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon andremained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations thatoccurred on July 1 and July 25, 1946.

SHOT DATA: TEST DATE (TIME) _ YIELD _ TYPE DETONATION

ABLE 1 July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Burst (+520 ft)BAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow I.Jnderwater (-90 f t)


DATE (1946)

30 June - I July

2 July -23 July

CREW LOCATION

ABLEEvacuated aboard BOTTINEAU (APA-235)(Observed shot ABLE from a distanceof 25 miles)Aboard SKIPJACK

RECONSTKUCTEDFILM BADGEDOSE (REM)

0.000

0.028

24 July - 8 August

9 August- 17 August17 August-21 August

BAKEREvacuated aboard BOTTINEAU(Oberved Shot BAKER from a distanceof 16 miles)Aboard FILLMORE (APA-83)Crew transferred to ROCKWALL (9),TUNA (4), SEARAVEN (3), SKATE (2),and CHIKASKIA (I 1).

0.158

0.044

Total calculated dose up until the date when the crew splintered: 0.230 KEM


FINAL DISPOSITION: SKIPJACK sank in Bikini lagoon on July 25, 1946 as a result of ShotBAKER. It was salvaged on September 2, 1946 and towed to Pearl Harbor, arrivingthere on 22 September. It was subequently towed to San Francisco (&!INSY) andt5h2ei7iWdeliberately sunk by aircraft rocket attack on August 11, 1948 at 32-22.6N, t18-

. .

98

U S S S K I P J A C K ( S S - 1 8 4 )

BETlOW DECKS

t iRANGE OF

0 TOPSIDE

n BELOW DECKS

0 AMIDSHIPSREAD LEFT

A

1 1 S E P T 100

Days After BAKER

SHIPROARD GAMMA INTENSITY CURVES: The USS SKIPJACK (CS-184) remainedsubmerged in Bikini Lagoon until it was salvaged on September 2, 1946. Severaltopside radiation readings were obtained while the SKIPJACK was submerged in 150feet of water. The range in values is depicted in Figure A-36. Radiation data aboardthe SKIPJACK after it was surfaced have not been located, hence, the intensity curvesshown here have been estimated based on data for the USS SKATE (SS-3951, anothertarget submarine that was approximately the same distance from the Shot RAKERsurf ace zero.

Figure A-36. Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS SKIPJACK (SS-184)

99

- -


NON-REMANNED

SHIP: USS STACK (DD-406)

CREW SIZE: 102

MISSION: USS STACK was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini prior to June30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon and remainedthere as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations that occurred onJuly 1 and July 25, 1946.



YIELD TYPE DETONATION -_

23 KT Air Burst (+520 ft)23 KT Shallow Underwater f-90 ft)

DATE (1946)

30 June - 1 July

2 July -17 July18 July19 July -23 July


CREW LOCATION

ABLEEvacuated aboard BAYFIELD (APA-33)(Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof 22 miles)Aboard STACKEvacuated aboard BAYFIELDAboard STACK


0.000

0.0140.0000.000

24 July -31 July

I August-19 August19 August

BAKEREvacuated aboard BAYFIELD(Observed Shot BAKER from a distanceof 15 miles)Aboard ROCKINGHAM (APA-229)Crew transferred to COM DES PAC (81)and ROCKINGHAM (19).

0.024

0.185



FINAL DISPOSITION: STACK was decommissioned on August 28, 1946. It was towed toKwajalein where it was retained for radiological study until April 24, 1948 when itwas sunk by gunfire from four destroyers off Kwajalein.

100

0

USS STACK (DD-406)

.f.r i 1. ..i. .t I.

I-I- 1 -i. 1

AMIDSHIPS

A1 SEPT

Days After BAKER

0 TOPSIDE

A BELOW DECKS

0 AMIDSHIPS

-. / I -I ---t t

1000


Figure A-37. Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS STACK (DD-406)

101


NON-REMANNED

SHIP: USS TKIPPE (DD-403)

CKEW SIZE: 135

XIISSION: USS TKIPPE was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini on June 1,1946 to prepare for the operation. It was utilized as a regular operating ship duringTest ABLE. On July 16, 1946 it was anchored in the lagoon and reinained there asone of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonation that occurred on July 25,1946.

SHOT DATA: TEST D A T E ( T I M E ) _ Y I E L D _ _ TYPE DETONATION- _ - - -

BAKER 25 July 46 (OU35) 23 K-T Shallow Underwater (-90 ft)


DATE (1946)

30 June -17 July

18 July -19 July20 July -23 July

CKEW LOCATION

Aboard TRIPPE(abserved Shot ABLE from a distanceof 13 miles)Evacuated aboard BAYFIELD (APA-33)Aboard TRIPPE

RECONSTRUCTEFILM BADGEDOSE (REM)

0.000

o.ooc0.000

BAKER24 July -31 July Evacuated aboard BAYFIELD 0.024

(Observed shot BAKER from a distanceof 15 miles)

I August-II ,4ugust Aboard BEXAR (APA-237) 0.127I2 August-25 August Aboard DIXIE (AD-141 which departed 0.073

Bikini on 25 August.28 August Crew transferred to CORTLAND (103).


This reconstruction does not include tiine aboard the target ship for activities such asdamage control, decontamination or inspection after the detonations except when theentire crew returned to live aboard the ship.

D

FINAL DISPOSITION: TRIPPE was towed to Kwajalein after CROSSROADS forradiological tests. On February 3, 1948, it was towed to deep water off Kwajaleinand deliberately sunk by gunfire.

LISS TRIPPE (DD-403)

TnPSl nF

0 TOPSIDE

A BELOW DECKS

0 AMIDSHIPS

0 1 A1 1 SEPT 1 0 0

Days After BAKER


Figure A-38. Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS TRIPPE (DD-403)

103


NON-REMANNED

SHIP: USS WAIN WRIGHT (DD-419)

CREW SIZE: 148

MISSION: USS WAINWRIGHT was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini priorto June 30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon andremained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations thatoccurred on July 1 and July 25, 1946.





ABLE


30 June - 1 July Evacuated aboard BAYFIELO (APA-33) 0.000(Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof 22 miles)

2 July -17 July Aboard WAINWRIGHT 0.00518 July Evacuated aboard BAYFIELD 0.00019 July -23 July Aboard WAIN WRIGHT 0.000

24 July -31 July


BAKEREvacuated aboard BAYFIELD 0.024(Observed Shot BAKER from a distanceof 15 miles)Aboard BEXAR (APA-237) 0.189Most of crew transferred to GEORGE CLYMER.



FINAL DISPOSITION: WAINWRIGHT was towed to Kwajalein on August 23, 1946 andretained for radiological study. Subsequently, it was towed to sea and sunk byDestroyer Division 172 on July 5, 1948.

104

USS KAINWRIGHT (DD-419)

TOPSIDE, BELOW DECKS]AND AMIDSHIPS

.i

T’:’

%

- *

,... ‘. 0 TOPSIDE

_ A BELOW D E C K S

_:- 0 AMIDSHIPS

; :.f f f:f.f:f: ::::.::

AI tuc 10 1 SEM 100

Days After BAKER

1000

SHIPBOARD GAMMA INTENSITY CURVES: The average gamma intensity curves fortopside amidships, and below decks locations on target ships are discussed in detail insections 2.4 and 4.0 of the basic report. The data points and average curve arepresented as a function of time in days after Shot Raker. The curves are sometimesshown in a folded fashion and care should be exercised when reading the properintensity scale. In some cases the available data does not discriminate betweenindividual curves For each location.

Figure A-39. Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - LJSS WAINWRIGHT (DD-419)

105


NON-REMANNED

SHIP: USS WILSON (DD-408)

CREW SIZE: 115

MISSION: USS WILSON was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini prior toJune 30, 1946 to prepare for the operation, It was anchored in the lagoon andremained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations thatoccurred on July 1 and July 25, 1946.

SHOT DATA: TEST DATE (TIME) YIELD TYPE DETONATION_ - - -

ABLE 1 July 46 COSOO)BAKER 25 July 46 (0835)

23 KT Air Burst (t520 f t)23 KT Shallow Underwater (-90 f t)



ABLE

RECONSTRUCTEDFILLU BADGEDOSE (REM)

30 June - 1 July Evacuated aboard BAYFIELD (APA-33) 0.000(Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof 22 miles)

2 July -17 July Aboard WILSON 0.01018 July Evacuated aboard BAYFIELD 0.00019 July -23 July Aboard WILSON 0.000

24 July -31 July

I August-18 August18 August-19 August

BAKEREvacuated aboard BAYFIELD(Observed Shot BAKER from a distanceof 15 miles)Aboard BEXAR (APA-237)Aboard ROCKWALL which departed Bikinion 19 August.

0.024

0.1790.009

Total calculated dose while at Bikini: 0.222 R! M


FINAL DISPOSITION: WILSON was decommissioned on August 28, 1946. AfterCROSSROADS, it was towed to Kwajalein for radiological tests until it was scuttledin deep water off Kwajalein on March 8, 1948.

106

USS WILSON (DD-408)

ANIDSHIPS

i ! :: 1’.

: 1... :..

: :; :. .T -r::‘.?:

~

: 1 : : : : .::..:: :: -._:...: : : :, :: -:‘!.,:

:.-I-:. ..-.I :

A BELOW DECKS

AMIDSHIPS0 AMIDSHIPS I

I .

? iiO-1 I I,,-_-

A

1 1 S E P T 100

Days After BAKER


Figure A-40. Shipboard Gamma Intensity VS. Time - USS WILSON (DD-408)

107


NON-REMANNED

SHIP: IJSS YO-160

CREW SIZE: 10

MISSION: USS YO-160 was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini prior to June30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon and remainedthere as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations that occurred onJuly 1 and July 25, 1946.

SHOT DATA: TEST D A T E ( T I M E ) _ YIELD TYPE DETONATION -

ABLE 1 July 46 (0900) 23 UT Air Burst (+520 f t)BAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow Underwater (-90 ft)

DATE (1946)

AVERAGE CREW MEMBER @OSE HISTORY

CREW LOCATION

Unknown


Total calculated dose while at Bikini: IJnknown

FINAL DISPOSITION: YO-160 sank in Bikini lagoon as a result of Shot BAKER.

1 0 8


TYE SHlPBOARD GAM?UA INTENSITY CURVE

109


NON-REMANNED

SHIP: USS YOG-83

CREW SIZE: 10

MISSION: USS YOG-83 was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Rikini prior to June30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon and remainedthere as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations that occurred onJuly 1 and July 25, 1946.

SHOT DATA: TEST D A T E ( T I M E )YIELD TYPE DETONATIQN

ABLE 1 July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Burst (+520 ft)BAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow IJnderwater (-90 ft)

AVERAGE CREW IIE1?BER DOSE HISTORY


IJnknown

Total calculated dose while at Bikini: Unknown

RECONSTRUCTEDFILhA BADGEDOSE (REV)

FINAL DISPOSITIOr\J: YOG-83 was towed to Kwajalein and beached there on September23, 1946. It was retained for radiological study and ultimately sunk in deep wateroff Kwajalein on September 16, 1948.

110

USS YOG-83

ECKS

f :.-i i ii- i -.:i:i:, .:

.OOOl1 ' AVC 10 1 SEPT 100 1000

Days After BAKER


Figure A-41. Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS YOC--83

111


UNMANNED

SHIP: USS LCT-412

CREW SIZE: N/A

MISSION: USS LCT-412 was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini prior toJune 30, 1946 to participate in the operation. It was beached in the lagoon andremained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations thatoccurred on July I and July 25, 1946.


ABLE 1 July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Burst (+520 feet)BAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow 1 Jnderwater (-90 feet)

AVERAGE CREW MEMBER DOSE HISTORY: N/A

FINAL DISPOSITION: lJSS LCT-412 was towed to Kwajalein for further disposition. Itwas finally sunk in deep water off Kwajalein about September 1947.

112

TARGET SHlP PARTKIPATION SUMMARY

UNMANWED

SHIP: USS LCT-414

CQEW SIZE: N/A

VISION: USS LCT-414 was a CQOSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini prior toJune 30, 1946 to participate in the operation. It was beached in the lagoon andremained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations thatoccurred on July 1 and July 25, 1948.

SYOT DATA: TEST DATE (TIME) YIELD TYPE DETONATION

ABLE 1 July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Burst (+520 feet)BAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow Underwater (-90 feet)

AVERAGE CQFW MEVBFR DOSE HISTORY: W/A

FINAL DISPOSITION: TJSS LCT-414 was was sunk by demolition charges at Bikinishortly after Shot BAKE!?.

113


SYIP: USS LCT-705

CRE\-TI SIZE: N/A

MISSION: IJSS LCT-705 was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Rikini prior toJune 30, 1946 to participate in the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon andremained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations thatoccurred on July 1 and July 25, 1946.

SJ-IOT DATA: TEST DATE (TIME) YIELD TYPE DETO’VATIOr\l

ABLE 1 July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Burst (+520 feet)RAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow I.Jnderwater (-90 feet)

AVERAGE CREW ~~EMRER DOSE J-IISTORY: N/A

FINAL DISPOSITION: IJSS LCT-705 was found to be structurally sound afterOperation CROSSROADS. It was towed to Kwajalein and eventually sunk in deepwater off Kwajalein in September 1947.

114

USS LCT-705

TOPSIDE, BELOW DECKS +-AND AMIDSHIPS i"

TOPSIDE, BELOW DECKS -i.:jl. 1 ] i j j 11fAND AMIDSHIPS ::i ! 2I1' ..- 1 I .I.1 I... .L :

I IlIlT READ LEFT

A* tJG 10 1 SEM 1 0 0

Days After BAKER

0 TOPSIDE

A BELOW DECKS

0 AMIDSHIPS



115


SHIP: USS LCT-746

CREW SIZE: N/A

MISSION: IJSS LCT-746 was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Rikini prior toJune 30, 1946 to participate in the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon andremained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations thatoccurred on July 1 and July 25, 1946.

SYOT DATA: TEST D A T E (TIblE)YIELD TYPE L)ETO”\IATION

ABLE 1 July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Rurst (+520 feet)RAKER. 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow Underwater (-90 feet)

AVERAGE CREW WEMBEQ nOSE HISTORY: “\1/A

FINAL I)ISPOSITION: With the completion of Operation CROSSROAT)S, USS LCT-746was taken to Kwajalein where it was destroyed in Warch 1947.

116


UNMANNED

SHIP: USS LCT-812

CREW SIZE: N/A

14ISSIO% 1JSS LCT-812 was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Rikini prior toJune 30, 1946 to participate in the operation. It was beached in the lagoon andremained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations thatoccurred on July 1 and July 25, 1946.

SHOT DATA: TEST r3ATE (TIME)YIELD TYPE DETONATION

ABLF. I July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Burst (+520 feet)SAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow Underwater (-90 feet)

AVERAGE CREW uE?\/IRER DOSE HISTORY: N/A

FINAL DISPOSITIOnl: IJSS LCT-812 was sunk by demolition charges at Rikini shortlyafter Shot RAKER.

117


UNIMANNED

SHIP: USS LCT-816

CREW SIZE: Y/A

MISSION: USS LCT-816 was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini prior toJune 30, 1946 to participate in the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon andremained there as one of the 84 tat-set ships for the nuclear test detonations thatoccurred on July 1 and July 25, 1946.

SHOT DATA: TEST D A T E (TI?IE)YIELD TYPE DETONATIOY

ARLE 1 July 46 (0900) 23 YT Air Burst (+520 feet)RAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow Ilnderwater (-90 feet)

AVERAGE CREW MEMRER DOSE YISTORY: RI/A

FINAL DISPOSITION: IJSS LCT-816 was found badly holed and hard on the beach atBikini. It was taken to Kwajalien where it was sunk in deep water in June 1947.

118

uss LCT-816

i BELOW DE&S t?

AMIDSHIPS

A1 1 tvc 1o 1 SEPT

Days After BAKER

-j-f----~ 0 TOPSIDE

iLl-- A BELOW DECKS



119


SHIP: USS LCT-8 18

CREW SIZE: N/A

MISSION: US!? LCT-818 was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini prior toJune 30, 1946 to participate in the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon andremained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations thatoccurred on July 1 and July 25, 1946.

SHOT DATA: TEST DATE (TIME) YIELD TYPE DETOYATIOY

ABLE 1 July 46 (0900) 23 UT Air Burst (+520 feet)RAKER 25 Ju ly 46 (0835) 2 3 KT Shallow r Jnderwater (-90 feet)

AVERAGE CREW ?nEWBER DOSE HISTORY: N/A

FINAL DISPOSITION: IJSS LCT-818 was found to be structurally sound afterOperation CROSSROADS. It was towed to Ywajalein and eventually sunk in deepwater off Kwajalein in September 1947.

1 2 0

A A1 l AUG 10 1 S E P T 100

Days After BAKER

z.OOl Jla

I

;

..OOOl

1000



121


UNMANNED

SHIP: USS LCT-374

CREW SIZE: N/A

hlISSIOr\l: USS LCT-874 was a CROSSROAlX target ship and arrived at Bikini prior toJune 30, 1946 to participate in the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon andremained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations thatoccurred on July 1 and July 25, 1946.


ARLE 1 July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Burst (+520 feet)BAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow IJnderwater (-90 feet)

AVERAGE CREW MEXdBER DOSE HISTORY: N/A

FINAL DISPOSITION: IJSS LCT-874 was found to be structurally sound afterOperation CROSSROAM. It was towed to Kwajalein and eventually sunk in deepwater off Kwajalein in September 1947.

122

USS LCT-874

j .; t I-1 fI.ti~::f-%.-j r.f:t i :.%: TOPSIDE i I.:! .t i ij

I.tf! -.:t, ! fI i ii-i ;i i -: -i

! t -t t I-11i :i i i i i!

t.

RIGHT :j. : i-TM

t- AMIDSHIPS --.ki f%i%-

.OOOl

1 1 AUC IO 1 SEPT 100 1000

Days After BAKER



123


JJNMANNED

SHIP: USS LCT-1013

CREY SIZF.: N//i

MISSION: USS LCT-1013 was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Rikini priorto Tune 30, 1946 to participate in the operation. It was anchored in the lagoonand remained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonationsthat occurred on July 1 and July 25, 1946.

SHOT DATA: TEST D A T E ( T I M E )YIELn TYPE QETONATION

ABLE I July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Burst (+520 feet)BAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow Underwater (-90 feet)


FINAL DISPOSITION: lJ5S LCT-1013 was found to be structurally sound afterOperation CROSSROAD5. It was towed to Kwajalein and eventually sunk in deepwater off Kwajalein in September 1947.

124

USS LCT-1013

A BELOW DECKS

. o o o o

10A

1 I S E M 100 100

Days After BAKER

SHIPBOARD CAhilMA INTENSITY CURVES: The average gamma intensity curves fortopside amidships, and below decks locations on target ships are discussed in detail insections 2.4 and 4.0 of the basic report. The data points and average curve arepresented as a function of time in days after Shot Raker. The curves are sornetimesshown in a folded fashion and care should be exercised when reading the properintensity scale. In some cases the available data does not discriminate betweenindividual curves for each location.


1 2 5


UNMANNED

SHIP: USS LCT-1078

CREW SIZE: N/A

MISSION: USS LCT-1078 was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Rikini priorto June 30, 1946 to participate in the operation. It was anchored in the lagoonand remained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonationsthat occurred on July 1 and July 25, 1946.

SHOT DATA: TEST D A T E (TIME)YIELD TYPE DETONATION

ABLF 1 July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Rurst (+520 feet)RAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow IJnderwater t-90 feet)

AVERAGE CREW ME%lRER DOSE HISTORY: N/A

F I N A L I?ISPOSITION: USS LCT-1078 was found to be structurally sound afterOperation CROSSROAIX. It was towed to Kwajalein and eventually sunk in deepwater off Xwajalein in September 1947.

126

USS LCT-1078

.d

i

.Ol

t - - - - t - - - t - -+ -t--- 1 I t I.1 i ..,.1 _ . ._ , .,. .

! !y/ 1

0 TOPSIDE

h BELOW DECKS

0 AMIDSHIPS

A1 , S E M 100

Days After BAKER

-h

:.

.OOl 53h&V-42aJuCH

2

9-020

.OOOl pa2cn

.000011000



127


UNMANNED

SHIP: uss LCT-1112

CREU’ SIZE: N/A

MISSION: USS LCT-1112 was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini priorto June 30, 1946 to participate in the operation. It was anchored in the lagoonand remained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonationsthat occurred on July 1 and July 25, 1946.

SHOT DATA: TEST D A T E (TI~IE)YIELD TYPE DETONATION

ABLE 1 July 46 (0900) 23 K-I- Air Rurst (+520 feet)BAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow IJnderwater (-90 feet)

AVERAGE CREW +IEMBER DOSE HISTORY: N/A

FINAL DISPOSITION: 11% LCT-1112 was found to be structurally sound afterOperation CROSSROADS. It was towed to Kwajalein and eventually sunk in deepwater off Kwajaiein in September 1947.

128

USS LCT-1112

!“. -:! --e-!

l!!3f!f

--

: ~’

1

0 TOPSIDE

.;

BELOW DECKS

.:-!..-:l:.::i~-] .-I .t.:-1 l-M:1

.:Tlt.,;, :, ... .._ * * ........ - ... : .:: .:.I I l~li -- I Pkl~:-:l -::I~: I i-i-i-i1

: . . . . . . . . ;I-t ... _-. .........;. ....... b5l !1I I I I I I i-i. . . . . :+. A

17°C 10 1 S E M 101

.00001

30

Days After BAKER



129

TARGET SHIP PARTICIPATION SIJM4.4ARY

UNMAYNED

SHIP: IJSS LCT- 1113

CRE’V SIZE: N/A

MIssIow: lJ5S LCT-1113 was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Rikini priorto June 30, 1946 to participate in the operation. It was anchored in the lagoonand remained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonationsthat occurred on July I and July 25, 1946.

SHOT DATA: TEST D A T E ( T I M E )YIELD TY Pf-: DETONATION

ABLE 1 July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Burst (+520 feet)BAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 YT Shallow Underwater f-90 feet)

AVERAGE CREW %lE\Al3ER DOSE HISTORY: N/A

FINAL DISPOSITION: USS LCT-I I13 was found badly holed and hard on the beach atBikini. It was taken to Kwajalien where it was sunk in deep water in June 1947.

130

USS LCT-1113

BELOW DECKSAND

AMIDSHIPS

1 j 1 ‘-I -j

. BELOW DECKS

.oooo1

A1 SEM 100 1000

Days After BAKER


1


131

TARGET SYIP PARTICIPATION SUMMARY

UNMANNED

SHIP: I.JSS LCT-1114

CREW SIZE: N/A

VISSION: IJSS LCT-1 I14 was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini priorto June 30, 1946 to participate in the operation. It was anchored in the lagoonand remained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonationsthat occurred on July 1 and July 25, 1946.

SYOT DATA: TEST D A T E (TIME)YIELD TYPE DETONATION

ABLE 1 July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Burst (+520 feet)BAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 K-f Shallow Underwater (-90 feet)

AVERAGE CREW !AEtJBER DOSE HISTORY: N/A

FINAL DISPOSITION: 1 JSS LCT-1114 was was sunk by demolition charges at Bikinishortly after Shot RAKER.

132


UNMANNED

SHIP: IJSS LCT-1 I15

CREW SIZE: N/A

S4ISSION: rJSS LCT-1115 was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at bikini priorto June 30, 1946 to participate in the operation. It was anchored in the lagoonand remained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonationsthat occurred on July I and July 25, 1946.

SHOT DATA: TEST D A T E (TIhAE)YIELD TYPE DETONATIOhJ

ARLE 1 July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Rurst (+520 feet)RAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow Underwater (-90 feet)


FINAL DISPOSITION: UFS LCT-1115 was found to be structurally sound afterOperation CROSSROADS. It was towed to Kwajalein and eventually sunk in deepwater off Kwajalein in September 1947.

133

TARGET SHIP PARTICIPATION SUWMARY

SHIP: USS LCT-1175

CREW SIZE: N/A

UISSION: USS LCT-1175 was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Rikini priorto June 30, 1946 to participate in the operation. It was beached in the lagoonand remained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonationsthat occurred on July 1 and July 25, 1946.

SHOT DATA: TEST D A T E (TIZIE)YIELD TYPE DETONATION

ABLE 1 July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Rurst (+520 feet)RAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 K-l- Shallow Ilnderwater (-90 feet)

AVERAGE CREW MEMRER DOSE HISTORY: N/A

FINAL DISPOSITION: USS LCT-I 175 was sunk by demolition charges at Bikini shortlyafter Shot RAKER.

134


lJNI\AANNEr)

SHIP: USS LCT-I 187

CREW SIZE: N/A

MISSION: USS LCT-1187 was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini priorto June 30, 1946 to participate in the operation. It was beached in the lagoonand remained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonationsthat occurred on July 1 and July 25, 1946.

SHOT DATA: TEST D A T E (TIVE)YIELD TYPE DETONATIOV

ABLE I July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Burst (+520 feet)BAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow 7 ‘Tlerwater (-PO feet)

AVERAGE CREW MEMBER nOSE HISTORY: N/A

FINAL DISPOSITION: IJSS LCT-1187 was sunk by demolition charges at Bikini shortlyafter Shot BAKER.

135

TARGET SHIP PARTICIPATION SUM%lARY

UNMANNED

SHIP: USS LCT-1237

CREW SIZE: N/A

VISION: USS LCT-1237 was a CROSSROADS target ship and arrived at Bikini priorto June 30, 1946 to participate in the operation. It was beached in the lagoonand remained there as one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonationsthat occurred on July 1 and July 25, 1946.

SHOT DATA: TEST @ A T E (TIME)YIELD TYPE DETONATION

ABLE 1 July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Burst (+520 feet)BAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow IJnderwater (-90 feet)

AVERAGE CREW MEMRER DOSE HISTORY: N/A

FINAL DISPOSITION: USS LCT-1237 was sunk by demolition charges at Bikini shortlyafter Shot RAKER.

136

SECTION A-3

REMANNED TARGET SHIP

PARTICIPATION SIJMMARIES

137


REMANNED AFTER SHOT BAKER

SHIP: USS BLADEN (APA-63)

C R E W S I Z E : I11

MISSION: USS BLADEN was a CROSSROADS target ship that was remanned and sailedaway after the nuclear test detonations on July I and July 25, 1946. It had arrivedat Bikini by May 31, 1946 and was anchored in the lagoon where it remained as oneof the 84 target ships throughout the operation. It departed Bikini on August 20,1946 enroute t o Kwajalein. It eventually steamed to the East Coast where it wasdecommissioned at Norfolk, VA. on December 26, 1946.


ABLE I July 46(0900) 23 KT .4ir Burst (r520 feet)BAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow Underwater (-90 feet)

AVERAGE CREW MEMBER DOSE HISTORY‘WHILE AT BIKINI

D.4TE (1946) CREW LOCATION-Hours Aboard

1 July

2 July

3 July-17 JulyI8 July-19 July

20 July-23 July

24 July-28 July

29 July

30 July-20 August

ABLEEvacuated aboard HENRICO (APA-451-24(Observed Shot ABLE from a distance of12 miles).Aboard HENRICO-134board BL.4DEN-1 I.4board BL.4DEN-360Evacuated aboard HENRICO-28Aboard BLADEN-20Aboard BLADEN-96

BAKEREvacuated aboard HENRICO-i08(Observed Shot BAKER from a distance of8 miles)Aboard HENRICO-14 .5Aboard BLADEN-9 .5.4board BLADEN-52s

RECONSTRUCTEDF1L.M BADGEDOSE (RELI)

0.000

0.0010.0013.9000.0000.0000.000

Q.000

0 .0000.008Q.212

Total calculated dose received while at Bikini: 0.222 RE,M

Thus reconstructlon includes time spent aboard the target ship (as indicated) after thedetonations and prior to the time that the entire crew returned to live aboard the ship.

Date unit departed Brkini: August 20, 1946 (BAKER t 26)Ship contamination factor when departing Bikini: 3

(this value is for use with the nomograph in Figure A-57)

PATH REPORT: This report contains the geographic locations that may be of radiologicalsignificance to vessels within Bikini lagoon. The time is in Day-Hours-Minutes andbegins on July 1, 1946. All days are July (e.g., 1 August = 32 July, etc.) Place is theg r i d s q u a r e w i t h i n Blklnl l a g o o n f r o m Hydrographies Of f ice , MISC. C h a r t Uumber11854, portions of which are reproduced in Figures ,4-58, 59, 60, 61.

RADIOLOGICAL REPORT: Th is repor t is a day iy compilation of the reconstructedfilm badge dose for this unit from the various radiological sources it encounteredwhile In Bikiru lagoon. $4 daily total 1s included up to departure from Bikini lagoon.A detailed explanation of each source contribution is contained in the basic report,Section 2.

1 :3s

USS BLADEN CALCULATEL' FILM BAi2GE DOSE (IN MREM)

OATE TIME LAGGON TARGET SHIP p&.;L,{*

WATER SHIF'S CONTAMINATISN ?OTAL-------------_------------------------------------------------

JUL ! Ai!jJ U L 2 A+1J U L 3 At,?J U L 4 A+;JUL 5 THRU 24

J U L 25 2 t [!J U L 2 6 Et1JUL 27 B+ZJ U L 2 8 Et2J U L 29 B+4JUL ;i) Et5J U L 3 1 B+bFiUG 1 B+?fiUG 2 Et3GUG 3 E+?AUG ? Et115AUG 5 B+11AUG 6 Et12GIJG 7 B+13AUG 8 i3+!4GUG 9 Et+15A !J G 1 0 b+16AUG 1 1 Et17AUG 1 2 B+18AUG 1: b+19AUG 1 4 E; + 2 0CIUG 15 Et21AUG 15 St22AUG 17 Eit23i?UG !8 St244UG 1 9 Et25A /j G 2 iI! g+?$

2

-:

i-i_.

Ci

*Applies only if the crew was onboard for a 24 hour period.

140



SHIP: USS CONYNGHAM (DD-371)

CREW SIZE: 109

IMISSION: USS CONYNGHAM was a CROSSROADS target ship that was remanned andsailed away after the nuclear test detonations on July 1 and July 25, 1946. It hadarrived at Bikini on May 30, 1946 and was anchored in the lagoon where it remainedas one of the 84 target ships throughout the operation. It departed Bikini onAugust 22, 1946 enroute to Kwalalein,Pearl Harbor, and eventually San Francisco.It remained at San Francisco until July 1948, when it was scuttled at 31-33.5N, 118-27W.


ABLE I July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Burst (t520 feet)BAKER 25 July 46(0835) 23 KT Shallow Underwater (-90 feet)

AVERAGE CREW MEMBER DOSE HISTORYWHILE AT BIKINI

DATE (1346) CREW LOCATION-Hours Aboard

1 July

2 July

3 July-17 July18 July-19 July

20 July-23 July

ABLEEvacuated aboard BOTTINEAU (APA-235)-24(Observed Shot ABLE from a distance of25 miles)Aboard BOTTINEAU- 13Aboard CONYNGHA,M- 11Aboard CONYNGHAM-360Evacuated aboard BOTTINEAU-30Aboard CONYNGHAM-18Aboard CONYNGHAM-96

24 July-31 July

1 August-7 August

8 August - 22 August

BAKEREvacuated aboard BOTTINEAU- 181(Observed Shot BAKER from a distance of16 miles)Aboard BOTTINEAU-104Aboard CONYNGHAM-64Aboard CONYNGHAM-300Aboard ROCKBRIDGE-

Total calculated dose received while at Bikini: 0.495 REM


0.000

0.0010.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

0.032

0.0730.1460.2160.027

This reconstruction includes time spent aboard the target ship (as indicated) after thedetonations and prior to the time that the entire crew returned to live aboard the ship.

Date tinit departed Bikini: August 22, 1946 (BAKER + 28)

142

USS CONYNGHAFi (DD-371)

_ READ LEFT- j

-1 0 T O P S I D E

.OlA

1 I SEM 100 1000

Days After BAKER


F i g u r e A - 5 0 . Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS CONYNGHAM (CD-371)

143



SHIP: USS CORTLAND IAPA-75)

CREW SIZE: 89

MISSION: USS CORTLAND was a CROSSROADS target ship that was remanned andsailed away after the nuclear test detonations on July 1 and July 25, 1946. It hadarrived at Bikini on (May 30, 1946 and was anchored in the lagoon where it remainedas one of the 84 target ships throughout the operation. It departed Bikini on August1 9 , 1 9 4 6 enroute to Norfo lk , VA v ia Kwaja le in and Pear l Harbor . It wasdecommissioned at Norfolk on December 30. 1946.


ABLE I July 46 10900) 23 KT Air Burst (+520 feet)BAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow Underwater (-90 feet)



1 July

2 July


20 July-23 July

ABLEEvacuated aboard ARTEMIS (AKA-211-24(Observed Shot Able from a distanceof 15 miles)Aboard ART EMIS- 15Aboard CORTLAND-9Aboard CORTLAND-360Aboard ARTEMIS-30Aboard CORTLAND-18Aboard CORTLAND-96

RECONSTRUCTEDFILIM BADGEDOSE (REM)

0.000

o.oc I0.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

24 July-29 July

30 July

31 July-19 August

BAKEREvacuated aboard ARTEMIS-134(Observed Shot BAKER from a distanceof 8 miles)Aboard ART EMIS-Aboard CORTLAND-16Aboard CORTLAND-480

0 . 0 0 0

0 . 0 0 30.0160 . 2 0 8

Total calculated dose received while at Bikini: 0.228 RE.M


Date unit departed Bikini: August 19, 1946 (BAKER + 25)Ship contamination factor when departing Bikini: 3(this value is for use with the nomograph in Figure A-57)

PATH REPORT: This report contains the geographic locations that may be of radiologicalsignificance to vessels within Bikini lagoon. The time is in Day-Hours-Minutes andbegins on July 1, 1946. All days are July (e.g., 1 August = 32 July, etc.) Place is thegrid square within Bikini lagoon from Hydrographies Office, Misc. Chart Number11854, portions of which are reproduced in Figures A-58, 59, 60, 61.

RADIOLOGICAL REPORT: This report is a day-by-day compilation of the reconstructedfilm badge dose for this unit from the various radiological sources it encounteredwhile in Bikini lagoon. A daily total is included up to departure from Bikini lagoon.A detailed explanation of each source contribution is contained in the basic report,Section 2.



SHIP: USS DENTUDA (SS-335)

CREW SIZE: 58

MISSION: IJSS DENTUDA was a CROSSROADS target ship that was remanned and sailedaway after the nuclear test detonations on July 1 and July 25, 1946. It had arrivedat Bikini on S!ay 31, 1946 and was anchored in the lagoon where it remained as oneof the 84 target ships throughout the operation. It departed Bikini on August 22,1946 enroute to San Francisco via Kwalalein and Pearl Harbor. It was retained atSan Francisco for radiological tests until it was decommissioned on December 11,1946.

SHOT DATA:


1 July

2 July

3 July-22 July

ABLEEvacuated aboard BOTTINEAU (APA-235)-24(Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof 25 miles)Aboard BOTTINEAU-7.5Aboard DENTIJDA-16.5Aboard DENTUDA-480

TEST DATE (TIME)


YIELD TYPE DETONATION

23 KT Air Burst (t520 feet)23 KT Shallow Underwater C-90 feet)


BAKER23 July-30 July Evacuated aboard BOTTINEAU-184


31 July-9 August Aboard BOTTINEAU- 184.5Aboard FILLMORE (APA-83)-8Aboard DENTUDA-47.5

10 August- 13 August Aboard FILLMORE-59Aboard FULTON(AS-1 l)-8Aboard DENTUDA-29

14 August-22 August Duty section aboard DENTUDA-120Remainer of crew aboard FULTON-96



0.000

0.0000.0040.001

0.012

0.1280.0010.3550.0080.0040.0350.0970.048


Date unit departed Bikini: August 22, 1946 (BAKERt28)

148

USS DENTUDA (SS-335)

READ LEFTl

BELOW DECKS


Figure A-5 1. Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - LJSS DENTUDA (SS-335)

1 4 9

TARGET SHIP PARTIUPATION SUMMARY


SHIP: USS FILLMORE (APA-83)

CREW SIZE: 109

MISSION: USS FILLMORE was a CROSSROADS target ship that was remanned and sailedaway after the nuclear test detonations on July I and July 25, 1946. It had arrivedat Bikini prior to June 30, 1946 and was anchored in the lagoon where it remained asone of the 84 target ships throughout the operation. It departed Bikini on August 22,1 9 4 6 enroute to Norfo lk , VA v ia Kwaja le in and Pear l Harbor . I t w a sdecommissioned at Norfolk on January 24, 1947.


ABLE 1 July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Burst (+520 feet)BAKER 25 July 46 (0.3351 23 KT Shallow Underwater t-90 feet)


DATE t 19461 CREW LOCATION-Hours Aboard

I July

2 July


20 July-23 July

ABLEEvacuated aboard BAYFIELD (APA-331-24(Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof 22 miles)Aboard BAYFIELD-Aboard FILLMORE-IIAboard FILLMORE-360Evacuated aboard BAYFIELD-30.5Aboard FILLMORE-17.5Aboard FILLMORE-96


0 . 0 0 0

0.00 I0.0020.0000.0000 . 0 0 00.000

24 July-28 July

29 July

30 July-22 August

BAKEREvacuated aboard BAYFIELD- I I(Observed Shot BAKER from a distanceof 15 miles)Aboard BAYFIELD-8.5Aboard FILLMORE-15.5Aboard FILLMORE-576

0.000

0 . 0 0 00 . 0 2 10.185

Total calculated dose received while at Bikini: 0.209 RE.M


Date unit departed Bikini August 22, 1946 (BAKER + 28)Ship contamination factor when departing Bikini: 3(this value is for use with the nomograph in Figure A-57)

PATH REPORT: This report contains the geographic locations that may be of radiologicalsignificance to vessels within Bikini lagoon. The time is in Day-Hours-Minutes andbegins on July I, 1946. All days are July (e.g., 1 August = 32 July, etc.) Place is thegrid square within Bikini lagoon from Hydrographies Office, Misc. Chart Number11854, portions of which are reproduced in Figures A-58, 59, 60, 61.


150

DATE TIRE LAGO!lbl TARGET SHIP I!&Ii;i*WATEF: SHiFS COtdTAt-lINATiON TC;T&L

-_------------------------~-~---~~-------~~~~~----------~~-----

*Applies only crew was onboard for a 24 hour period.

152



SHIP: USS GENEVA (APA-86)

CREW SIZE: 115

WISSION: IJSS GENEVA was a CROSSROADS target ship that was remanned and sailedaway after the nuclear test detonations on July 1 and July 25, 1946. It had arrivedat Bikini in Zlay 1946 and was anchored in the lagoon where it remained as one ofthe 84 target ships throughout the operation. It departed Bikini on ,4ugust 24, 1946enroute t o Norfolk, VA v ia Kwala le in , San Francisco, San Diego, and the Panama

Canal. It was decommissioned at Norfolk on January 1, 1947.

SHOT DATA: TEST D A T E (TIME) YIELD TYPE DETONATION

ABLE 1 July 46(09001 23 KT ,4ir Burst (~520 feet)BAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow Underwater (-90 feet)

>AVERACE CREW MEMBER DOSE H ISTORYWHILE AT BIKINI

D A T E (19461___-

1 J u l y

2 July

3 July-17 JulyIS July-19 July

20 July-23 July

CREW LOCATION-Hours Aboard

ABLEEvacuated aboard APPLINC (.4PA-581-24(Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof I2 miles)Aboard APPLING-I2.\board GENEVA-12.Aboard GENEVA-360Evacuated aboard APPLING-29.5.\board GENEVA- IS.5.4board GENEVA-96


0.000

0.0013.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

24 July-28 .July

29 luiy

30 July-24 August

BAKEREvacuated aboard APPLINC- 111(Observed Shot BAKER from a distanceof S miles)4board 4PPLING- 13.4board GENEVA-l 1.4board GENEVA-624

0.000

3.0009.0090.220



Date unit departed Bikini: August 24, 1946 (BAKER + 301Ship contamination factor when departing Bikini: 3(this value is for use with the nomograph in Figure A-571

PATH REPORT: This report contains the geographic locations that may be of radiologicalsignificance to vessels within Bikini lagoon. The time is in Day-Hours-Minutes andbegins on July I, 1946. ,411 days are July (e.g., I August = 32 July, etc.) Place is thegrid square within Bikini lagoon from Hydrographies Office, MISC. Chart Number11354, portions of which are reproduced in Figures A-58, 59, 60, 61.

RADIOLOGlC4L REPORT: This report is a day-by-day compilation of the reconstructedfilm badge dose for this unit from the various radiological sources it encounteredwhile in Bikini lagoon. A daily total is included up to departure from Bikini lagoon.4 detailed explanation of each source contribution is contained in the basic report,Section 2.

153

x’73c D D D D

4 + 4 4t.., c/J t. 3 b-- 82a

-42m

Er-2’ D-lGJm 0710

25



SHIP: USS LCI-329

CREW SIZE: 16

MISSION: USS LCI-329 was a CROSSR*aADS target ship and arrived at Bikini prior toJune 30, 1946 to prepare for the operation. It was anchored in the lagoon andremained there are one of the 84 target ships for the nuclear test detonations thatoccurred on July 1 and July 25, 1946. After Shot BAKER, the LCI-329 wasremanned and steamed to :<walalein where it was placed in caretaker status onFebruary 22, 1947. It was finally sunk in deep water off KwaIalein on March 16,1948.


ABLE 1 July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Burst (~520 feet)BAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow Underwater (-90 feet)

AVERAGE CREW .LdEMBER DOSE HISTORY

DATE (1946) CREW LOCATIOY - Hours Aboard

30 June - 1 July

2 July


20 July-23 July

ABLEEvacuated aboard BAYFIELD (APA-33)-48(Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof 22 miles)4board BAYFIELD- 18Aboard LCI-329-6Aboard LCI-329-360Evacuated aboard BAYFIELD-Aboard LCI-329-I 9Aboard LCI-329-96

BAKER24 July-31 July Evacuated aboard BAYFIELD-17s


1 .4ugust-9 .August Aboard BAYFIELD-Aboard ROCKBRIDGE (APA-228)-200

10 August ,4board ROCKBRIDGE- 11.5.9board LCI-329-12.5

1 I August-24 August ,\board LCI-329-336

Total calculated dose while at Bikini: 0.2c)S REP\/I

RECONSTRUCTEDFILM BADGEDOSE (XELI)

0.000

0.0010.001o.r)oo0.0000.0000.000

0.024

3.0120.1380.0070.x29.023

This reconstruction includes tilne spent aboard the target ship (as indicated) after thedetonations and prior to the ti!ne that the entire crew returned to live aboard the ship.

Date unit departed Bikini: nugust 24, 1946 (BAKER t 30)

156

.OOl

TOPSIDE, BELOW DECKS ;I;A N D A M I D S H I P S ’

READ

1A

1 SEPT 1 0 0 lO(Days After BAKER


IO+3 0

Figure A-52. Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS LCI(L)329

1 5 7



SHIP: USS LCI(L)549

CREW SIZE: 22

MISSION: USS LCI(L)549 was a CROSSROADS target ship that was remanned and sailedaway after the nuclear test detonations on July 1 and July 25, 1946. It had arrivedat Bikini prior to June 30, 1946 and was anchored in the lagoon where it remained asone of the 84 target ships throughout the operation. It departed Bikini on August 24,1946 enroute to Kwajalein where it was retained as a patrol vessel until June 1948.It was then sailed to San Francisco where it was stripped and disposed as hulk aboutJanuary 1949.



YIELD TYPE DETONATION

23 KT Air Burst (+520 ft)23 KT Shallow Underwater (-90 ft)


DATE ( 1946) CREW LOCATION-Hours Aboard

ABLE1 July

2 July


20 July-23 July

Evacuated aboard BAYFIELD (APA-33)-24(Observed Shot ABLE from a distance of22 miles)Aboard BAYFIELD-16.5Aboard LCI(L) 549-7.5Aboard LCI(L) 549-360Evacuated aboard BAYFIELD- 1Aboard LCI(L)549-17Aboard L CI( L) 549-96

24 July-31 July

1 August-9 August

10 August

11 August-24 August

BAKEREvacuated aboard BAYFIELD- 183(Observed Shot BAKER from a distanceof 15 miles)Aboard BAYFIELD-16.5Aboard ROCKBRIDGE (APA-228)-199.5Aboard ROCKBRIDGE-Aboard LCI(L)549-14Aboard LCI(L)549-336



0.000

0.0010.0000.0000.0000.0000.000

0.024

0.0120.1370.0060.0020.023


Date unit departed Bikini: August 24, 1946 (BAKER + 30)

158

t- ; : 1 j j:. i TOPSIDE, BELOW. 1 AND AMIDSHIPS: :-1.~ 1 .I : 8 I\i a... 1

..-,

1 READ RIGHT 1 / ; 11I I/

TOPSIDE, BELOW DECKSD AMIDSHIPS

A BELOW DECKS

0 AMIDSHIPS

lo+1

A1 :llc 10 I SErr 100 1000

Days After BAKER


Figure A-53. Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - LJSS LCI(L)549

159

TARGET SHIP PARTICIPATKW SUMMARY


SHIP: USS LCIfLI615

CREW SIZE: 16

MISSION: USS LCI(L1615 was a CROSSROADS target ship that was remanned and sailedaway after the nuclear test detonations on July 1 and July 25, 1946. It had arrivedat Bikini prior to June 30, 1946 and was beached on Bikini Island where it remainedas one of the 84 target ships throughout the operation. It departed Bikini onSeptember 4, 1946 enroute to Kwajalein where it was retained as patrol vessel. Itparticipated in a resurvey of Bikini in July 1947 and was sailed to San Francisco fordisposal about June 1948.


ABLE 1 July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Burst (+520 feet)BAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow Underwater f-90 feet)


RECONSTRUCTED

DATE ( 1946) CREW LOCATION-Hours AboardFILM BADGEDOSE (REM)

I July-2 July

3 July

4 July-24 July

ABLEEvacuated aboard BAYFIELD (APA-33)-48(Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof 22 miles)Aboard BAYFIELD-Aboard LCI(LI615-1Aboard BAYFIELD-

0.001

0.0000.0000.000

BAKER25 July-31 July Evacuated aboard BAYFIELD-


1 .4ugust Aboard BAYFIELD- 1Aboard LCI(L)615-13

2 August-4 September Aboard LCI(Ll615-816


0.024

0.0080.0160.595


Date unit departed Bikini: September 4, 1946 (BAKER + 4 1)Ship contamination factor when departing Bikini: 5(this value is for use with the nomograph in Figure A-57)

PATH REPORT: This report contains the geographic locations that may be of radiologicalsignificance to vessels within Bikini lagoon. The time is in Day-Hours-Minutes andbegins on July 1, 1946. All days are July (e.g., 1 August = 32 July, etc.) Place is thegrid square within Bikini lagoon from Hydrographies Office, Misc. Chart Number11854, portions of which are reproduced in Figures A-58, 59, 60, 61.


160

{CApplies only f the crew was onboard for a162

24 hour period.



SHIP: USS NIAGARA (APA-87)

CREW SIZE: 271

MISSION: USS NIAGARA was a CROSSROADS target ship that was remanned and sailedaway after the nuclear test detonations on July I and July 25, 1946. It had arrivedat Bikini in ,May 31, 1946 and was anchored in the lagoon where it remained as oneof the 84 target ships throughout the operation. It departed Bikini on August 21,1946 enroute to Norfolk, VA via Kwalalein, Pearl Harbor, and San Francisco. It wasused to test the effects of conventional explosives and then sold as scrap in 1950.


ABLE 1 July 46 (0900) 23 K T Air Burst (t520 feet)BAKER 2 5 July 46 (0835) 2 3 K T Shallow Underwater (-90 feet)



I July

2 July


20 July-23 July

ABLEEvacuated aboard BAYFIELD (APA-33)-24(Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof 22 miles)Aboard BAYFIELD-Aboard NIAGARA-14Aboard NIAGARA-360Evacuated aboard BAYFIELD-Aboard NIAGARA-18.4board NIAGARA-96


0 .000

0.0000.0000.000o.qoo0.0000.000

24 July-28 July

29 July

30 July-21 August

BAKEREvacuated aboard BAYFIELD- I IO(Observed Shot BAKER from a distanceof I5 miles)Aboard BAYFIELD-Aboard NIAGARA-16Aboard NIAGARA-552

0 . 0 0 0

0.0000.01 I0 . 1 8 6



Date unit departed Bikini August 21, 1946 (BAKER + 27)Ship contamination factor when departing Bikini: 3(this value is for use with the nomograph in Figure A-57)

PATH REPORT: This report contains the geographic locations that may be of radiologicalsignificance to vessels within Bikini lagoon. The time is in Day-Hours-Minutes andbegins on July I, 1946. All days are July (e.g., 1 August = 32 July, etc.) Place is thegrid square within Bikini lagoon from Hydrographies Office, Misc. Chart Number11854, portions of which are reproduced in Figures A-58, 59, 60, 61.


163

*-I..T.r.

-+m. -1:;

-1 --I

D?m73

f-2,CJ017

I.,c1,)c03-4

US'S NIAGARA CALCULATED FILM BADGE DOSE !!N IIREM!

DATE TIRE LAGDON TARGET SHIP DAILv*WATER SHIPS CONTfiMINAT!DN TOTAL

--------------------------------------------------------------

JUL 1 fi t fjJUL 2 a+1JUL 3 A+2JUL 4 fit’:JUL 5 THRU 24

JUL 25JUL ?bJUL 27JUL 26JUL 29JUL 30JUL SlAUG !AUG 2AUG 2AUG 4AUG 5tiUG 0AUG 7AUG 8FiUG 4GUG 19CIUG 11&UG 12AUG 13AUG 14fiUG 15AUG lbAUG 17&UG 18AiJG 19fug 2ijAUG 21

97, 7i

25?L4.-.1 71 !ji413b54441 ij14131211$?887b5554

*Applies only if the crew was onboard for a 24 hour period.

165



SHIP: USS PARCHE (SS-384)

CREW SIZE: 61

MISSION: USS PARCHE was a CROSSROADS target ship that was remanned and sailedaway after the nuclear test detonations on July 1 and July 25, 1946. It had arrivedat Bikini prior to June 30, 1946 and was anchored in the lagoon where it remained asone of the 84 target ships throughout the operation. It departed Bikini on August 22,1946 enroute to Mare Island via Kwalalein and Pearl Harbor. It arrived at MareIsland on October 14, 1946 and reported to the 19th Fleet. PARCHE was eventuallysold for scrap in July 1970.


ABLE 1 July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Burst (+520 feet)BAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow Underwater (-90 feet)



1 July

2 July

3 July-24 July

ABLEEvacuated aboard BOTTINEAU (APA-2351-24(Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof 25 miles)Aboard BOTTINEAU- 12Aboard PARCHE-12Aboard PARCHE-528

25 July-5 August

6 August- 7 August

8 August-22 August

B A K E REvacuated aboard BOTTINEAU-288(Observed Shot BAKER from a distance of16 miles)Aboard BOTTINEAU-43.5Aboard PARCHE-4.5Aboard FILLMORE (APA-83)-278.5Aboard PARCHE-81.5



0.000

0.0010.0030.002

0 . 1 2 5

0 . 0 1 70 . 2 1 90.0620 . 6 6 8


Date unit departed Bikini: August 22, 1946 (BAKER t 28)

1 6 6

USS PARCHE ( S S - 3 8 4 )

0.1

zll1 I

I,! I !i! :

. 11.Ol

-I

"t

1-i-

i

. .oo-/

I

iII !

Q

f;;

2 1.0a4cWY

- BELOW DECKS ntI L I

i : --j-

lil .OOOl1000

0.11 I AUG 10 I SEPT

1 0 0

Days After BAKER


Figure A-54. Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS PARCHE (SS-384)

167



SHIP: USS SEARAVEN (SS-196)

CREW SIZE: 58

MISSION: USS SEARAVEN was a CROSSROADS target ship that was remanned and sailedaway after the nuclear test detonations on July 1 and July 25, 1946. It had arrivedat Bikini on May 30, 1946 and was anchored in the lagoon where it remained as oneof the 84 target ships throughout the operation. It departed Bikini on August 22,1946 enroute to San Francisco via Kwalalein and Pearl Harbor. It was eventuallysunk as a target on September 11, 1948 by VC-22 at 31-42.3N, 118-26.4~.


ABLE 1 July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Burst (t520 feet)BAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow Underwater (-90 feet)

DATE (1946)

1 July

2 July

3 July-21 July

22 July-3 August

4 August -9 August

10 August -22 August



ABLEEvacuated aboard BOTTINEAU (APA-2351-24(Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof 25 miles)Aboard BOTTINEAU-12Aboard SEARAVEN-Aboard SEARAVEN-

BAKEREvacuated aboard BOTTINEAU-276(Observed Shot BAKER from a distanceof 16 miles)Aboard BOTTINEAU- 106Aboard FILLMORE (APA-33)-7Aboard SEARAVEN-Aboard FILLMORE-245.5Aboard SEARAVEN-66.5

RECONSTRUCTEDFILM BADGED O S E (REM)

0.000

0.0010.0040.001

0.098

0.0540.0010.4920.0490.196



Date unit departed Bikini: August 22, 1946 (BAKER t 28)

168

USS SEARAVEN (SS-196)

h

.Ol

TOPSIDE

AMIDSHIPS

/ I II :uc 10

A1 1 S E M 1 0 0 10

Days After BAKER

,oooo10


Figure A-55. Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - LJSS SEARAVEN (SS-196)

169



SHIP: USS TUNA (SS-203)

CREW SIZE: 57

MISSION: USS TUNA was a CROSSROADS target ship that was remanned and sailed awayafter the nuclear detonations on July 1 and July 25, 1946. It had arrived at Bikiniprior to June 30, 1946 and was anchored in the lagoon where it remained as one ofthe 84 target ships throughout the operation. It departed Bikini on August 22, 1946enroute to the West Coast (;%lINSY) via Kwalalein and Pearl Harbor. It was retainedat MINSY for radiological studies until it was sunk off the West Coast at 31-40N,118-30W on September 4, 1948.


ABLE 1 July 46 (0900) 23 KT Air Burst (t520 feet)BAKER 25 July 46 (0835) 23 KT Shallow Underwater (-90 feet)

DATE (1946)

1 July

2 July

3 July-23 July

24 July-31 July

1 August-9 August

10 August -22 August

AVERAGE CREW .MEMBER DOSE HISTORYWHILE AT BIKINI


ABLEEvacuated aboard BOTTINEAU (APA-2351-24(Observed Shot ABLE from a distanceof 25 miles)Aboard BOTTINEAU- 12Aboard TUNA-12Aboard TUNA-504

BAKEREvacuated aboard BOTTINEAU- 178(Observed Shot BAKER from a distanceof 16 miles)Aboard BOTTINEAU-151.5Aboard TUNA-64.5Aboard FILLMORE (APA-831-186.5Aboard TUNA-125.5


RECONSTRUCTEDFILM BADGEDO~E(REM)

0.000

0.0010.0040.001

0.032

0.0980.9550.0390.359


Date unit departed Bikini: August 22, 1946 (BAKER f 28)

170

USS TUNA (SS-203)

r-t .: 1:::: :::‘-:. :: :::: :.i.: 1 . . . . .

A A

-!-. I 1 I ! 1

0 TOPSIDE

A BELOW DECKS

1 1 GIG 10 I L~sE17 1 0 0 1000Days After BAKER


Figure A-56. Shipboard Gamma Intensity vs. Time - USS TUNA (SS-203)

171

Ship departed Bikini Atoll(t*= 10 days a

Individual deflarted ship o(t = 90 days af

on 4 Aug 1946lfter BAKER)In 23 Ott 1946'ter BAKER)rting Bikini = 20al axis at 90.s 5.6 (by

Ship contamination factor when depaEnter horizontal axis at 10, verticValue of function at intersection iinterpolation). Therefore total fi(5.6){20) q 112 mrem.

lm badge dose =

l t must be the BAKER + date when the ship departed' Bikini, otherwise the calculation will be in err

10 20 30 50 100

to (days after BAKER detonation)

*or.

Figure A-57. Post-Bikini Dose Nomograph

172

W.--i---

*b-L. L-.-C-

-. I ..-L.---.--L--m--m-

cLI--u-LI

-I ,*u

. .

ca

---. . --- . -._--.-A.a..--..-m-n.

-----w 0-e--e.-

. d I. .I -, , - ’ ’11 A . i i--\-r-,,-. _

ITS, I July 4b (maximum extent of ret.ed p r i o r t o 0 8 5 5 hot ̂ . .

-

Figure A-58. Shot ABLE Red Lines(I=l.O R/day)

173

cIsc+woLTzlI-”- - -

LLL”..L--.-*- IICI.

- - . m. I . -- - - - - r - - -- - - m - m -

c----.lML,-a *u

/ / 1 / 1 11 1 e-.--n -..--. B-B -.-

k / i f 1 1 fi 1 -..-_.. -a-. .

I

,

IIC- / I,cI k*--&w; ,u I,., / m‘~ IL1 ? w z wirm jz3w/ 1 I Ia ! /

A line - 1900 hours, 1 July 46 (maximum extent of blue line)A+1 line - 0600 hours, 2 July 46Blue line eliminated 1008 hours, 2 July 46

1I , 1 I I I 1 I, I I I

Figure A-59. Shot ABLE Blue Lines (I=O.l R/day)

174

. . . ..I II

111 i a* B+l line - 1230 hours, 26 July 46B+2 line - 1030 hours, 27 July 46Red line eliminated - 1455 hours, 28 July 46

I ! r I I jI I I I

39 39 *10- , 17 I, I, I, 16 I, ,I II ( 'zc- 1I , ) /

',z1 1 I I I I I .I ' 1 ,, /

I 1 Ii I. ” - - - ’ I

Figure A-60. Shot BAKER Red Lines (I=l.O R/day)

175

! i! !- --..-- I-.--.---z>-._-

-E+l line - 1230 hours, 26 July 4'6 '101 :I ill 1 ,?a : B+2 line - 1030 hours, 27 July 46

;B+3 line - 1430 hours, 28 July 4611‘ / 8t4 line - 1230 hours, 29 July 46

B+5 line - 0830 hours, 30 July 46Blue line eliminated - 0959 hours, 30 July 46

Figure A-61. Shot BAKER Blue Lines (I=O.l R/day)

176

Table A-l. Calendar Date Conversion for Operation CROSSROADS

CalendarDate

July BAKER+Date Date

CalendarDate

Jul I, 1946 01 Aq 1 32 72 02 2 33 83 03 3 34 94 04 4 35 105 05 5 36 1 16 06 6 37 127 07 7 38 138 08 8 39 149 09 9 40 15

10 10 10 41 1611 1 1 1 1 42 1712 12 12 43 1813 13 13 44 1914 14 14 45 2015 15 15 46 2116 16 16 47 2217 17 17 48 2318 18 18 49 2319 19 19 50 2520 20 20 51 2621 21 21 52 2722 22 22 53 2823 23 23 54 2924 29 24 55 3025 25 0 25 56 3126 26 1 26 57 3227 27 2 27 58 3328 28 3 28 59 3429 29 4 29 60 3530 30 5 30 61 3631 31 6 31 62 37

Jan 1, 1947 160 Feb 1, 1947 191 Mar 1, 1947 2195 164 5 195 5 223

10 169 10 200 10 22815 174 15 205 15 23320 179 20 210 20 23825 184 25 215 25 24331 190 28 218 31 249

July RAKER+Date Date

Calendar RAKER+Date Date

Sept 1 385 42

10 4715 5220 5725 6230 67

Ott 1 685 72

10 7715 8220 8725 9231 98

N o v 1 995 103

10 10815 11320 11825 12330 128

Dee 1 1295 133

10 13815 14320 14825 15331 159

177

DISTRIBUTION LIST

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE~--- --___- - - -

Armed Forces Institute of PathologyATTN: DirectorATTN: Radiation Pathology Br

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY (Continued).__ - - -

Armed Forces Radiobiology Rsch InstituteATTN: J. HsiehATTN: Director

Assistant Secretary of DefenseATTN: ASD(PA)ATTN: ASD(MI&L)ATTN: ASD(HA)ATTN: ASD(MRA&L)

Asst to the Set of Defense, Atomic EnergyATTN: Lt Co1 Riggs

Defense Nuclear AgencyATTN: DirectorATTN: PA0ATTN: GC

5 cy ATTN: STBE54 cy ATTN: STTI/CA

Defense Technical Information Center2 cy ATTN: DD

Dep Under Set of Def for Rsch & EngrgATTN: DUSDRE, Rsch & Fdv Tech

Dep Asst Set of DefATTN: DASD;EE&S)

Field Command, DNA, Det 1Lawrence Livermore National Lab

ATTN: FC-1

Field Command, DNA, Det 2Los Alamos National Lab

ATTN: MS-635 FC-2

Field Command, DNAATTN: FCPRATTN: FCTT, W. SummaATTN: FCTXEATTN: FCTXE, Maj Evinrude

lnterservice Nuclear Weapons SchoolATTN: TTV

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

Department of the Army5 cy ATTN: DAAG-AMR, ANTPR

Harry Diamond LaboratoriesATTN: DELHD-TA-L, :11100

Office of the Chief of StaffATTN: DACS-DMZ-A, T. Green

US Army Ballistic Research LabsATTN: DRDAR-BLV-R, J. Maloney

US Army Medical Rsch & Dev CmdATTN: SGRD-SD

US Army Nuclear & Chemical AgencyATTN: MONA-ZB, C. Davidson

Walter Reed Army Medical CenterATTN: Library

DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY.-_--

Bureau of Medicine & SurgeryATTN: NM&S-09ATTN: NM&S-O0ATTN: NM&S-3C22

National Naval Medical CenterATTN: Medical LibraryATTN: Dept of Radiology

Naval

Naval

Naval

Naval

Naval

Medical Rsch InstituteATTN: Tech Ref Library

Ocean Systems CenterATTN: Research Library

Sea Systems CommandATTN: SEA-08, M. Miles

Surface Weapons CenterATTN: Code F31, D. Levine

Weapons Evaluation FacilityATTN: G. Binns

Navy Nuclear Test Personnel Review5 cy ATTN: W. Loeffler

Oft of the Deputy Chief of Naval OpsATTN: NOP 0455, CDR BellATTN: NOP 098, VADM Monroe

DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE

Aerospace Medical DivisionATTN: Library SCL-4

Air Force Institute of TechnologyATTN: ENP, J. BridgemanATTN: Library

Air Force Nuclear Test Personnel Review4 cy ATTN: P. Fallon

Air Force Weapons LaboratoryATTN: NTATTN: SULATTN: DYT

Air University LibraryATTN: AUL-LSE

HQ USAF/SGATTN: M. Chesney

US Air Force Occupational & Env Health LabATTN: CC

4 cy ATTN: TSNTPR

179

DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE (Continued)

USAF School of Aerospace MedicineATTN: J. Pickering

DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

Department ofATTN:

Energy, Albuquerque Operations OfficeR. Cuddihy

Department of Energy, Office of Military ApplicationATTN: OMA, DP-22

Department ofATTN:ATTN:ATTN:ATTN:

Energy, Nevada Operations OfficePublic AffairsB. ChurchL. O'NealHealth Physics Div

Department of Energy, Human Health & Assessments DivATTN: J. Thiesen, EV-32ATTN: H. Hollister, EV-4ATTN: Technical Info Ctr, E-201ATTN: W. Burr, EV-2ATTN: 6. Wachholz, EV-30ATTN: J. Blair, EV-32ATTN: C. Edington, EV-31ATTN: J. Whitnah, EV-50ATTN: N. Barr, EV-32

OTHER GOVERNMENT AGENCIES-~~

Cancer Center, NIHATTN: A. Knudson

Centers for Disease ControlATTN: K. ChoiATTN: Consolidated Surveillance

2 cy ATTN: G. Caldwell

Central Intelligence AgencyATTN: Office of Medical Services

Consumer Product Safety ConrnissionATTN: P. PruessATTN: M. Bloom

Department of AgricultureATTN: M. Carter

Department of AgricultureATTN: R. Jarrett

Department of CommerceATTN: C. KuyattATTN: J. Hubell

Department of Health & Human ServicesATTN: Oft of Regulation Review

Department of Health & Human SVCSATTN: R. Murphy

Department of LaborATTN: 5. Weiner

Department of TransportationATTN: H. Reighard

Dept of Health & Human ServicesATTN: J. Villforth, HFX-1ATTN: C. Silverman, HFX-101ATTN: G. Johnson, HFX-4

OTHER GOVERNMENT AGENC_IES (Continued)__-

Environmental Protection AgencyATTN: P. MagnaATTN: T. Thorslund, RD-689

Environmental Protection AgencyATTN: J. Knelson

Environmental Protection AgencyATTN: D. Rosendaum, ANR-458ATTN: W. Ellett, ANR-460ATTN: W. Nelson, ANR-460ATTN: W. Mills, ANR-460

Federal Emergency Management AgencvATTN: Asst Assoc. Dir for Rsch, J. KerrATTN: Oft of Rsch/NP, D. BensenATTN: C. Siebentritt

Library of CongressATTN: Science & Technology Div

NASA HeadquartersATTN: M/S SBR-3, P. RambautATTN: M/S, SB-3, G. Soffen

National Cancer Institute, NIHATTN: G. BeebeATTN: R. MillerATTN: 0. NyguardATTN: J. RallATTN: S. SteverATTN: V. ZeveATTN: J. MurrayATTN: M. KnipmayerATTN: E. StonehillATTN: C. LandATTN: J. FraumeniATTN: W. BlotATTN: J. GartATTN: J. WyngaardenATTN: A. RabsonATTN: D. Pistenmaa

National Institute for Occupational Safety & HealthATTN: W. Murray

National Institutes of HealthATTN: Library, Acquisition Unit

National Library of Medicine, NIHATTN: Library

National Science FoundationATTN: K. WongATTN: P. Harrlman

Nat1 Heart, Lung & Blood Institute, NIHATTN: W. Zukel

Office of Technology AssessmentATTN: P. Sharfman

Office on Smoking & HealthATTN: ii. Pinney

US SenateATTN: J. Curtiss

US House of RepresentativesATTN: Subcommittee on Mil Per & CampATTN: Subcommittee on Health & Envir

180

OTHER GOVERNMENT AGENCIES (Continued)

US Nuclear Regulatory CommissionATTN: R. Whipp for R. MinogueATTN: R. Whipp for W. MillsATTN: R. Whipp for F. Arsenault

US Public Health ServiceATTN: Library

US Public Health Service HospitalATTN: E. Nishimura

US Public Health Service HospitalATTN: T. Robertson

US SenateATTN: C. CowartATTN: K. BurdickATTN: J. SusmanATTN: V. RaymondATTN: S. WallaceATTN: T. HarveyATTN: W. BrewATTN: S. Ulm

Veterans Admin Medical CenterATTN: K. Lee

Veterans Admin Medical CenterATTN: D. McGregor

Veterans Admin Medical CenterATTN: C. Tessmer

Veterans Admin Wadsworth Hospital CtrATTN: T. Makinodan

Veterans AdministrationATTN: L. HobsonATTN: J. DnnsbachATTN: J. Smith

2 cy ATTN: D. Starbuck

The White HouseATTN: Oft of Policy Dev(DP)

FOREIGN AGENCIES

Canadian EmbassyATTN: Library

EDF - RETN 1ATTN: Library

Indian Council of Medical RschATTN: A. Taskar

Japan-Hawaii Cancer StudyATTN: G. Glober

French Engineering BureauATTN: M. Delpla

McGill UniversityATTN: R. Oseasohn

Comitato Nazionale, Per L'Energia NucleareATTN: Library

FOREIGN AGENCIES (Continued)___-

Univ of Puerto Rico Sch of MedicineATTN: Library

United Kingdom Scientific MissionATTN: Publications, for MRC, SO 128

Brookhaven National LaboratoryATTN: V. BondATTN: A. Brill, Med DeptATTN: Technical LibraryATTN: E. Cronkite, Med DeptATTN: M. Bender, Med Dept

California Institute of TechnologyATTN: E. LewisATTN: R. Christy

University of ChicagoATTN: P. Meier

University of ColoradoATTN: Library

Columbia UniversityATTN: LibraryATTN: A. BloomATTN: Div of Biostatistics

Cornell UniversityATTN: W. Federer

Medical College of GeorgiaATTN: L. Stoddard

Harvard School of Public HealthATTN: LibraryATTN: R. ReedATTN: B. MacMahon

Harvard UniversityATTN: W. Cochran

University of HawaiiATTN: Y. Matsumoto

Indiana UniversityATTN: F. Putnam

Iowa State UniversityATTN: T. Rancroft

Johns Hopkins UniversityATTN: A. LilienfieldATTN: R. SeltserATTN: A. Kimball

Kansas Univ of Agri & Applied ScienceATTN: H. Fryer

Kingston HospitalATTN: K. Johnson

Memorial Hosp for Cancer & Allied DiseasesATTN: P. Lieberman

1 8 1

OTHER (Continued)

Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterATTN: P. MarksATTN: J. Laughlin

Merck, Sharp & Dohme IntlATTN:

University ofATTN:

University ofATTN:

University of MichiganATTN: R. CornellATTN: F. Moore

University ofATTN:ATTN:ATTN:

A. Beam

MiamiP. Hodes

Michigan Medical SchoolJ. Neel

MinnesotaJ. BearmanL. SchumanLibrary

Nat1 Council on Radiation Protection & MeasurementsATTN: W. Sinclair

University of New MexicoATTN: C. KeyATTN: R. Anderson

New York Univ Medical CenterATTN: N. Nelson

New York UniversityATTN: LibraryATTN: A. UptonATTN: B. Posternack

University of North CarolinaATTN: Library for DeanATTN: 6. Greenberg

Northwestern UniversityATTN: H. Cember

Oak Ridge Associated UniversitiesATTN: J. TotterATTN: E. TompkinsATTN: 0. Lushbaugh

University of OklahomaATTN: P. Anderson

University of OregonATTN: B. Pirofsky

Pacific Northwest LaboratoryATTN: S. Marks

Pennsylvania Univ HospitalATTN: S. Baum

University of PennsylvaniaATTN: P. Nowell

University of PittsburghATTN: LibraryATTN: E. Radford

OTHER (Continued)

University of PittsburghATTN: N. Wald

Rochester Univ Medical CtrATTN: G. CasarettATTN: C. Odoroff

University of RochesterATTN: L. Hempelmann

Saint Francis HospitalATTN: R. Blaisdell

Medical Univ of South CarolinaATTN: P. Liu

University of Southern CaliforniaATTN: J. Birren

Stanford Univ Medical CenterATTN: J. Brown

Stanford UniversityATTN: L. Moses

Stanford University HospitalATTN: D. Dorfman

Texas A&M UniversityATTN: R. Stone

Univ of Texas at AustinATTN: H. Sutton

University of TexasATTN: R. StallonesATTN: W. SutowATTN: G. Taylor

University of UtahATTN: Library

University of UtahATTN: LibraryATTN: L. LyonsATTN: E. WrennATTN: C. Mays

Vanderbilt UniversityATTN: R. Quinn

University of WashingtonATTN: 0. ThompsonATTN: A. Motulsky

University of WisconsinATTN: J. Crow

Yale University Sch of MedicineATTN: LibraryATTN: J. Meigs

DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY CONTRACTORS

University of CaliforniaLawrence Livermore National Lab

ATTN: Tech Info Dept LibraryATTN: L. AnspaughATTN: Y. Ng

182

DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY CONTRACTORS (Continued)

Los Alamos National LaboratoryATTN: M/5634, T. DowlerATTN: MS218, P. WhalenATTN: LibraryATTN: J. Oummer

Oak Ridge National LaboratoryATTN: J. AuxierATTN: G. KerrATTN: C. CliffordATTN: C. RichmondATTN: T. Jones

Reynolds Electrical & Engr Co, IncATTN: Ooc Con FacilityATTN: J. Brady

Sandia National LaboratoriesATTN: 0. AldridgeATTN: Oiv 1314, S. Ourpee

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CONTRACTORS

Advanced Research & Applications CorpATTN: R. Armistead

BOM CorpATTN: J. Braddock

Colorado State UniversityATTN: M. Zelle

Energy Systems, IncATTN: W. Ogle

JAYCORATTN: J. Ozeroff

JAYCORATTN: J. Sperling

JAYCORATTN: E. Weary

Kaman TempoATTN: DASIAC

3 cy ATTN: E. Martin

Kaman TempoATTN: OASIAC

Louisiana Univ Sch of MedATTN: Library

National Academy of SciencesATTN: S. JablonATTN: National Materials Advisory Bd

7 cy ATTN: C. Robinette

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CONTRACTORS (Continued)

R&O AssociatesATTN: C. LeeATTN: J. MarcumATTN: P. Haas

R&O AssociatesATTN: A. Deverill

Radiation Research Associates, IncATTN: N. Schaeffer

Rand CorpATTN: LibraryATTN: P. Davis

Rand CorpATTN: B. Bennett

Science Applications, IncATTN: w. ScottATTN: E. StrakerATTN: W. WoolsonATTN: G. Reynolds

Science Applications, IncATTN: J. GoetzATTN: J . KlemnATTN: J. CockayneATTN: W. McRaneyATTN: R. WeitzATTN: J. StuartATTN: E. MullerATTN: C. ThomasATTN: M. KnowlesATTN: A. Landay

5 cy ATTN: J. McGahan

Science Applications, IncATTN: 0. Kaul

Science Applications, IncATTN: J. Novotney

Scientific Information Svcs. IncATTN: Library

Tech Reps, IncATTN: B. Collins

University of NebraskaATTN: Library

Ohio State UniversityATTN: Library

Pacific-Sierra Research CorpATTN: l-l. Brode, Chairman SAGE

183

analysis of radiation exposure for naval units of ......cjss yog-83 110 1jss lct-4 12 112 i jss...

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