analysis of toothpaste
TRANSCRIPT
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CHEMISTRYPROJECT
(SESSION 2015-16)
PRESENTED BY-
Bhavya Jain
Class 12-A
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CERTIFICATEThis is to certify that Bhavya Jain, student of Class XIIthA, The
Srijan School, Model Town has comleted the roject havin! the aim
"To Detect The Presence Of Different Anions And Cations In Different
Brands Of Toothpaste# durin! the academic year $%&'(&) for the
chemistry ractical evaluation of CBS* $%&) and su+mitted
satisfactory reort as comiled in the followin! a!es under my
suervision
Mr. BK Goel-eartment of Chemistry
The Srijan School, Model Town
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Ackn!l"#$"%"n&I would li.e to e/ress my dee !ratitude to my mentor0teacher Mr
B1 2oel who was a constant source of encoura!ement and valua+le
advices This roject wouldn3t have come to a successful comletion
without his !uidance
I would also li.e to than. our la+ assistant Mr Jha who was always
there at my +ec. and call, servin! me in every +est ossi+le way 4e
made sure that all the re5uirements of the roject were fulfilled
6inally, I would li.e to than. my arents for +ein! there with
continuin! suort morally and financially
T4A7189:
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OBJECTI(E)AIM
T D"&"c& Th" P*"s"nc" O+ Di++"*"n& AninsAn# Ca&ins In Di++"*"n& B*an#s O+
T&h,as&".
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In&*#c&in
There3s a wide variety of toothastes and related roducts availa+le
today in the mar.et for oral hy!iene 4owever, for a common man,
differentiation on the +asis of 5uality is really difficult with all the
fancy advertisements and offers
A toothaste contains a mildly a+rasive su+stance such as calcium
car+onate and a deter!ent or soa, some sweetenin! a!ent other than
su!ar and flavourin! oils to ma.e it leasant to taste and smell Some
toothastes contains fluorides which ma.e the enamel surface of the
tooth more resistant to +acterial activity and act a!ainst micro(
or!anisms as a meta+olic oison 2enerally any standard toothaste
contain calcium car+onate, sodium monofluoro hoshate, sodium
lauryl sulhate, ;inc sulhate, alum, some flavourin! oils are also
added
This roject +asically deals with the detection of various ions in
toothaste that determine its 5uality, and thus, a comarison +etween
the rominent toothaste +rands
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SAMP.E CO..ECTION
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RE/0IREMENTS
oot!pastes0
Colgate, Pepsodent, Close-UP, Dabur Red, Babool.
'!emicals0
Hydrochloric acid, dilute Sulphuric acid, concentrated
Sulphuric acid, Barium chloride, Ammonium chloride,
Ammonium hydroide, Ammonium carbonate, Acetic
acid, !itric acid, Sil"er nitrate, Calcium chloride,
Pottasium#errocyanide, H$S gas.
%est tubes, Bea&ers, #las&s, 'lame, spatula etc.
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THEORYIn 5ualitative analysis, the !iven comound is analysed for the
radicals, that is, cations and anions that it contains The common
rocedure of testin! on un.nown salt is to ma.e its solution and then
test this solution for the ions resent in it Then S9=$(, a
reliminary test@ for indication hichever cation is indicated, it is
confirmed on the +asis of corresondin! tests
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TESTS FOR DIFFERENT SAMPLES
COLGATE
S.
O.*RI O,SRAIO I6R'
(. Preliminary %ests
Colour )hite*dour +inty smello'
colgate
Dry Heating Colourless,
odourless gas.
C*$- may be
present.
#lame test Reddish #lame Ca$/ may be
present.
$. Dil H$S*0 test-%o the sample,
added some drops
o' Dil H$S*0.
Colourless,odourless gas.
C*$- may bepresent.
. Con'irmatory
tests.
%o the sample
added +gS*0
solution.
A 1hite ppt. C*$-con'irmed
%oo& an *.S,
added dil HCl.
Bris&
e''er"escence.
C*$-con'irmed
0. Conc. H$S*0 test-
%o the sample
added some drops
o' conc.H$S*0
!o change Conc. H$S*0
group absent
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2. 3ndependent tests-
#or S*0$- -
%o the sample
addedBaCl$solution.
)hite ppt. S*0$-con'irmed.
%o the sample
added 4ead
acetate soln.
)hite ppt. S*0$-con'irmed.
#or P*0--
Added conc H!*
to *.S and boiled.Added ammonium
+olybdate soln in
ecess and again
boiled.
Deep yello1
colouration.
P*0-con'irmed.
CATI97S
S.
O.
*RI O,SRAI
O
I6R'
5. 6roup 7-
%o the sample
added !a*H and
heated
!o change 6roup 7
absent
8. 6roup-(%o the sample
added dilute HCl
!o change 6roup 3 absent
9. 6roup-33
%o the abo"e test
tube added H$S
!o change 6roup 33
absent
:. 6roup-333
%o the sample
!o change 6roup 333
absent
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added !H0*H
and !H0Cl
(7. 6roup-3;
%o the abo"e testtube add H$S
!o change 6roup 3;
absent
((. 6roup-;
%o the sample
added !H0*H,
and !H0$C*
solution.
A 1hite ppt. 6roup ;
present.
Dissol"ed theppt. in CHC**H
and di"ided the
solution into
parts.
i %o the 'irst part
added
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!H0*H and !H0Cl
in ecess. Add
!H0$HP*0and
rubbed 1ith aglass rod.
PEPSODENT
S.
O.
*RI Observation In$erence
(. Preliminary tests
Colour Baby pin&
*dour %hat o'
pepsodent.
Dry Heating )hite 'umes,
pungent smell.
Cl- may be
present.
#lame test Reddish 'lame. Ca$/may
be present.
$. Dil. H$S*0 test-
%o the sample,
added dil. H$S*0.
Colourless,
odourless gas.
C*$-may
be present.
. Con'irmatory %ests
%o the *.S added
dil HCl solution.
Bris&
e''er"escence.
C*$-
con'irmed.
%o the solution
added +gS*0
solution.
)hite ppt in
cold.
C*$-
con'irmed.
0. Conc. H$S*0 test- A colourless Cl- may be
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%o the sample
added conc. H$S*0
pungent gas. present.
2. Con'irmatory tests
%o the sampleadded +n*$conc.
H$S*0. Heated.
6reenish,yello1 gas,
pungent smell.
Cl-
con'irmed
%o the sample
added dilute H!*,
Boiled, cooled and
added Ag!*
A 1hite ppt. Cl-
con'irmed
CATI97S
S.
O.
*RI O,SRAIO
I6R'
5. 6roup-7
%o the sample
added !a*H and
heated
!o change 6roup 7
absent
8. 6roup-3
%o the sample
added dilute HCl
!o change 6roup 3
absent
9. 6roup-33
%o the abo"e test
tube added H$S
!o change 6roup 33
absent
:. 6roup-333
%o the sample
added !H0Cl,
boiled, cooled,
)hite Ppt.
#ormed.
6roup-333 is
present.
Al/
detected.
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added !H0*H in
ecess.
4a&e test-
%o the ppt, addeddil HCl, $ drops o'
blue litmus, and
!H0*H drop1ise.
A blue ppt.
'loating incolourless
solution.
Al/
con'irmed
(7. %o the 'iltrate o'
group-333 added
H$S solution.
!o change 6roup 3;
absent
((. %o the sampleadded !H0*H and
!H0$C* solution.
A 1hite ppt. 6roup ;present.
Dissol"ed the ppt.
in CHC**H and
di"ided it into
parts.
i %o the 'irst part
added
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solution, boiled,
'iltered. %oo& the
ppt, boiled, added
!H0*H and !H0Clin ecess. Add
!H0$HP*0and
rubbed 1ith a glass
rod.
CLOSE-UP
S.O
.
*RI O,SRAIO I6R'
(. Preliminary %ests
Colour Red
*dour Close up-smell
Dry Heating Su''ocating
smell
S*$- may be
present.#lame test Reddish 'lame. Ca$/may be
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present.
$. Dil. H$S*0 test-
%o the sample,
added Dil. H$S*0
Colourless,
pungent smell,
turned acidi'ied
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%o the sample
added !H0Cl,
boiled, cooled,
added !H0*H inecess.
present.
#e/detected.
Dissol"ed the ppt.
in dilute HCl and
added Potassium
#errocyanide.
prussian blue
colour
#e/con'irmed
:. %o the 'iltrate o'
group-333 added
H$S solution.
!o change 6roup 3;
absent
(7. %o the sample
added !H0*H and
!H0$C* solution.
A 1hite ppt. 6roup ;
present
Dissol"ed
CHC**H and
di"ided into three
parts.
i %o the 'irst part
added
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added a 'e1 drops
o' amm. oalate
solution, boiled,
'iltered. %oo& theppt, boiled, added
!H0*H and !H0Cl
in ecess. Add
!H0$HP*0and
rubbed 1ith a glass
rod.
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Dabur-RED
S.O
.
*RI O,SRAIO I6R'
(. Preliminary %ests
Colour Red
*dour Dabur Red-smell
Dry Heating Colourless,
odourless gas.
C*$- may be
present.
#lame test Reddish 'lame. Ca$/may be
present.$. Dil. H$S*0 test-
%o the sample,
added Dil. H$S*0
!o gas e"ol"ed. Dil. H$S*0
group
absent.
0. Conc. H$S*0 %est-
%o the sample
addedconc.H$S*0solution
.
!o gas e"ol"ed. Conc. H$S*0
group absent
CA%3*!S
S.
O.
*RI O,SRAIO I6R'
2. 6roup-7
%o the sample
added !a*H and
heated
!o change 6roup 7 absent
5. 6roup-3
%o the sample
added dilute HCl
!o change 6roup 3 absent
8. 6roup-33 !o change 6roup 33 absent
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%o the abo"e test
tube added H$S
9. 6roup-333
%o the sampleadded !H0Cl,
boiled, cooled,
added !H0*H in
ecess.
!o change. 6roup333 absent
:. %o the 'iltrate o'
group-333 added
H$S solution.
!o change 6roup 3; absent
(7. %o the sample
added !H0*H and
!H0$C* solution.
A 1hite ppt. 6roup ; absent
i %o the 'irst part
added
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!H0*H and !H0Cl
in ecess. Add
!H0$HP*0and
rubbed 1ith a glassrod.
Babool
S.O. *RI Observation In$erence
(. Preliminary tests
Colour Reddish
*dour Babool smell
Dry Heating Colourless
odourless gas.
C*$ may be
present.
#lame test Reddish 'lame. Ca$/may be
present.
$. Dil. H$S*0 test-
%o the sample,
added dil. H$S*0.
Colourless,
odourless gas.
C*$-may
be present.
. Con'irmatory %ests
%o the *.S added
dil HCl solution.
Bris&
e''er"escence.
C*$-
con'irmed.
%o the solution
added +gS*0
solution.
)hite ppt in
cold.
C*$-
con'irmed.
0. Conc. H$S*0 test-
%o the sample
added conc. H$S*0
!o gas e"ol"ed. Conc. H$S*0
group
absent.
2. 3ndependent 6roup
%ests-
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#or S*0$- -
%o the sample
added
BaCl$solution.
)hite ppt. S*0$-
con'irmed.
%o the sample
added 4ead acetate
soln.
)hite ppt. S*0$-
con'irmed.
#or P*0--
Added conc H!*
to *.S and boiled.
Added ammonium+olybdate soln in
ecess and again
boiled.
!o change. P*0-
absent.
CATIONS
S.O.
*RI O,SRAIO I6R'
5. 6roup-7
%o the sample
added !a*H and
heated
!o change 6roup 7
absent
8. 6roup-3
%o the sampleadded dilute HCl
!o change 6roup 3
absent
9. 6roup-33
%o the abo"e test
tube added H$S
!o change 6roup 33
absent
:. 6roup-333
%o the sample
added !H0Cl,
!o change. 6roup-333
absent
.
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boiled, cooled,
added !H0*H in
ecess.
(7. %o the 'iltrate o'group-333 added
H$S solution.
!o change 6roup 3;absent
((. %o the sample
added !H0*H and
!H0$C* solution.
A 1hite ppt. 6roup ;
absent
i %o the 'irst part
added
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rod.
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COMPARATI(E
INFERENCE TAB.E
A O6
7
OO7*AS
'a28 'O32
9
SO329 '
l9SO429 Al38 6e38 -28
COLGATE
PEPSODENT
CLOSE-UP
Dabur-RED
Babool
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CONC.0SION
9n the +asis of the comarative inference ta+le, we see that
is the +est of all toothastes as it contains a majority of the
essential constituents >anions and cations@ of a toothaste.
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PRECA0TIONS
& 4andle the chemicals carefully$ :se test tu+e holder to hold the test tu+e
? 7ever add water to conc acids
= 7ever touch any chemical with hands directly
' :se a droer for concentrated Acids
) -on3t smell the vaours from too close
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BIB.IO3RAPHY
htts00enwi.iediaor!0wi.i0Toothaste
htt00wwwseminarsonlycom
htts00wwwscri+dcom0doc0DE'&'E&E0Chemistry(