analyzing orissan watershed experiences
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Odishas Watershed OdysseyOdishas Watershed Odyssey
-- Learning for Future ProcessesLearning for Future Processes
Pranab R ChoudhuryPranab R Choudhury
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PresentationPresentation Odishan Watershed Projects & Experiences
Odishan Platform : Challenges, Contexts
Land Rights & Watershed Development
Thinking Aloud Options
Convergence Contexts
Convergence Tool Boxes
Summarizing Focus
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Watershed Experiences in OrissaWatershed Experiences in Orissa
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Watershed TrajectoryWatershed Trajectory
1990sIWDP (Plains) World Bank. ICDWDP - DANIDAExternal funded
2004-0nwardOTELP (Rights & Empowerment)E-Watershed
2008 Common Guideline?Bio-industrial? PPP? Trigger-watershed?
WORLP (Plus Watersheds )
IWDP, NWDPRA (with focus on Convergence)
Post 1994 Guideline : IWDP, EAS, ACA
NWDPRA
Machhkund, DPAP
Machhkund Project, Hirakud
Programs in Orissa
Post Ninth PlanTool for Rural
Development
Early-2000Sustainable RuralLivelihood
Next Generation?
Late 1990sParticipatory WDP
1980sBrown revolution
1960sIntegrating SWC ridge tovalley
1950sCatchment treatment
PeriodConcerns/
Generations
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OrissaOrissaGWW, Cashew, Sisal & Coffee plantations, CSBKoraputSCMachhkund
Common Guideline- Institution, Integration, CB23 Dist (501 MWS)SC/ BlocksMoRD - IWDP
Field bund plantations, Economic plantations, Contourstone bunding and plantations on hills
Tribal districts.NGO -Consortium
GAA (German AgroAction)
NRM: Cropping system dev, aquaculture, tuberLivelihoods: Plus, micro-enterprise, CLRCInstitution: CB, Strategies
Western Orissa (4districts)
GO-NGODFID WORLP
Enhanced access to NR; food entitlement monitoring; ITK
promotion; comm. empowerment, strengtheningstakeholder Inst.; Pro-tribal dev
Tribal Districts (7)GO-NGOIFAD-DFID-WFP : OTELP
Indo-German WOTR modelKoraputNGOsNABARD
Contour stone bunding, Hedge rows & plantationsKalahandiNGOAction Aid
Diversion weirs, Gully control, Vegetative filter strips,Plantations, Bull castration
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InnovationsInnovations
Size
Nodal Agency - District
PIA
PIA Team
Watershed Level
Mini Watershed DANIDA
Micro-WatershedOne VillageWatershedDepartmentDRDA/ITDA (OTELP)PD (Watershed) - WORLP
Network -Sanjojana
Soil Conservation DepartmentOther Department : FDBlock Development OfficeNGO
Conventional Dept ApproachWDT IWDPWDT & LST WORLP, JeevikaWDT & Village Community Organizer - OTELPWatershed Manager & PoE SanjojanaGO & NGO - ICDWDP
WDC, UG & SHGWDC, VDC, UG & SHG
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Shifting Concerns and priorities
Gradual Evolution Participation, Integration, Institution, Empowerment,
Innovation Livelihoods of poorest and landless
Convergence is the key
Institutional Arrangements Collaborative platforms WORLP, OTELP Cutting edge institutions LST
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Water not marginal commodity unlike Semi-arid tracts Drainage is also as important as harvesting
Recharge is not a major issue (84% of villages have GW at less than 10mdepth & 97% within 15m -MI Census, 2001; GWAR 16%; Replenishable GW
20 BCM)
But LAND is Situation of Rights and access to resources
Topographical features more uplands, higher undulations
Tribal-forest-upland-poverty link
Tribal NRM vis--vis Govt Policy
Smaller Size of Villages (area and population)
Land Rights in Watershed ContextLand Rights in Watershed Context
http://c/WINDOWS/PDF360/Temp/192.168.1.109-DocObj/dfd27cc4a50b4a0a9652d8e0177d5f72/1/Watershed%20land%20rights.ppthttp://c/WINDOWS/PDF360/Temp/192.168.1.109-DocObj/dfd27cc4a50b4a0a9652d8e0177d5f72/1/Watershed%20land%20rights.ppthttp://c/WINDOWS/PDF360/Temp/192.168.1.109-DocObj/dfd27cc4a50b4a0a9652d8e0177d5f72/1/Watershed%20land%20rights.ppt -
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WDP for whom? Development Dilemma : Area or Community or Targeted
Priority bias : Elitist, Resource, Discipline, funding, tech
Ensuring Justice & Equity (Temporal & Spatial)
Externalities to WDP Boundary limitation
Resource mgt shift
Changing Access faster alienation!
Gearing up for climatic aberrations more run off Changing political, cultural and development contexts &
priorities
Challenges Challenges
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Investment Rush : Rural Development Employment & RD : NREGA, BRGF
Agriculture : FSM, NHM, RKVY
Water : BKVY, PIM, OCTMP Livelihood Quality : NRHM, WSM
Marketing Mantra : Rural Marketing Target : Billions in the bottom of Pyramid
Examples galore E-choupal to Bio-Village
Micro-finance Destination: Rural Poor
Partnership is the buzz word
ContextContext
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ouou
Concerns,Concerns,
Options &Options &InnovationsInnovations
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ApproachApproach Concerns : Normative
Equity, Effectiveness, Sustainability, Cultural Identity, (Vulnerable)Livelihoods (SL-framework), Gender
Rights based Approach Investing to Alienate or Ensuring Rights
Political context Elite capture of participation, Agency in Social Capital
Small is beautiful Village Watersheds (e.g. Pallisabha)
Implementation (Institutional) framework State-District-Block-Watershed OR State-Basin-Sub-levels-Wshd Institutions at different levels
Convergence Resource Convergence Knowledge Convergence Institution Convergence (at Vill level)
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FrameworkFramework
CBOs (SHG, Fed, Coops,Farmer Groups) byNGO, NABARD etc.
WASSAN, FOREWARDetc.
NABARD-WADI (TDF),NAIP, Basix
Integrated NRM SDTT,NAIP
NGO/Donor/ICAR
Bio-industrialwatersheds inpartnership mode,
Industrial catchmenttreament
WDC, VEC,VWSC, VHC
Institutional
CSR Options, Valueadditions, NTFPmarketing
SGSY, NRPAP,KBK-RLTAP
Livelihoods
CSER Options, CAMPANREGA, BRGF,BKVY, PIM,OCTMP, KBK-RLATP
NRM
CorporateGovt/Bilateral/Multi-lateral
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ContextsContexts Productivity Vs Equity
Agriculture Dev Vs Tribal Dev
Collaborative user-driven Vs Curious Research
Dividing or Bridging Water gaps
Green Vs Blue Water
Slow vs faster pace of land development
Red and Green Technology
New Technologies SRI, Natural/Organic
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Convergence ContextsConvergence Contexts
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TrajectoryTrajectory Single window Block Approach Platform of DWC to dovetail on-going programs while reviewing
and monitoring the watershed plans in meetings Common Guideline 2001 : Involvement of PRIs to convergence of
other programmes of MoRD Viz. JSGSRY, SGSY, IAY, CRSP, RuralDrinking Water Supply etc.
Recommendations to saturate watershed projects on priority basisby ensuring convergence with other Government programmes.Suggestions for reorienting guidelines of SGSY, RMK and other microcredit based programmes for taking up watershed project areas on a
priority basis along with credit linkage with financial institution,insurance agency and reflectance of the watershed credit needs indistrict credit plan
WORLP & OTELP Models 2008 Common Guideline
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Koraput (2004)Koraput (2004)
Block, GP, ITDA, PSAgencies Linked7
ATMA, CIC Grant, CRF, DPEP, EAS, FDR, IAY,IHDP, ITDA, MLA LAD, Nalco Fund, OBB, PHD(RWSS), PMGSY, SGRY, SGSY, Tribal Coffee,Untied Fund, WFP, PMGAY,
Schemes Converged6
Communication, Drinking Water Supply,Education, Irrigation, Plantation, Pisci-culture,
Rural Housing
Sectors converged5
0.0 - 2.28Range of amount spent perwatershed
4
0.12Amount spent per converged work3
4.4 (1.6 19.3)Number of Works converged per
watershed
2
46.2% of convergence amount towatershed fund spent
0.53 (0 2.26 million)Funds mobilized per Watershed1
Rs in MillionsConvergenceSl No
Rs 62.5 million mobilized in 117 WDPs
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ConvergenceConvergence
Easier Said than Done
Leadership of PIA (1.9 m /WDP in Pottangi)
Sectoral Limitation FD, Health limited
Involvement of WAC, Dist & State
Developed Islands!
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ConvergenceConvergence
Tool BoxesTool Boxes
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Tool Box : Appraisal & PlanningTool Box : Appraisal & Planning Appraisal
NRM Net Planning & Land Rights Mapping ; manual GIS (3-D), People-
scientist LCC, joint survey (Rev-FD-WDC-PIA) Hydrological & Vegetation Survey etc.
Livelihood Analysis Mkt-based Tools, VCA, Skill & Institution mapping
Social & Institutional Stakeholder analysis, Institution mapping & analysis
Bottom-up with Top-bottom (GIS based convergence)
Planning Vision approach & LFA Convergence Plan Linking to GP Plan
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Tool Box : Institution OptionsTool Box : Institution Options
Institutional Linkage at Watershed/Village level PRI & Other Committees (Health/Education/Sanitation etc)
Linkage with Others
Res Institution, Govt Dept, Corporate, ServiceCenters
Sub Committee at Watershed Level LL, Women, Vulnerable (SHG/CIG! )
Small and Marginal Farmers (Area Groups!)
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Tool Box : TechnologyTool Box : Technology
Small Holder Options Multi-tier, Food-seed-green banks, bio-prospecting
CPR Options
Bio-based options barriers No closure early return
Compensating losers
(Targeted) Livelihood Promotion
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Tool Box :LivelihoodTool Box :Livelihood
Livelihood Opportunity Analysis Resource/Skill, Enabling Environment, Market,
Project Relevance/Concern
Identifying options through VCA, Institutionalframeworks & Business Plan
Building viable & sustainable linkages CBO SHG Fed, Coop, Producer Company
Linkages with GO, NGO & Corporate
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Summarizing FocusSummarizing Focus
Smaller size Single Village
Focus on WHO Enabling Access to resources by the Poorest
Empowerment of the Marginalized Slow-pace & Low Lost Technology
Space for Innovation
Convergence : Knowledge, Resource & Inst Planning for Externalities & Exit
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Thanks!