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Buy Bhagwa pomogranite Plant

Pomegranate grows well under semi-arid conditions and can be grown upto an

altitude of 500 m. above m.s.l.. It thrives well under hot, dry summer and cold

winter provided irrigation facilities are available. The tree requires hot and dry

climate during fruit development and ripening. Pomegranate tree is deciduous in

areas of low winter temperature and an evergreen or partially deciduous in

tropical and sub-tropical conditions. It can tolerate frost to a considerable extent

in dormant stage, but is injured at temperature below - 110 C.

Well drained, sandy loan to deep loamy or alluvial soils is suitable for cultivation.

Varieties Cultivated

Important pomegranate varieties cultivated in India are Alandi or Vadki, Dholka,

Kandhari, Kabul, Muskati Red, Paper Shelled, Spanish Ruby, Ganesh (GB I), G137, P 23, P 26, Mridula, Aarakta, Jyoti, Ruby, IIHR Selection, Yercaud 1 and Co

1.

Land Preparation

Land is prepared by ploughing, harrowing, leveling and removing weeds.

Planting

Planting Material

Pomegranate is propagated vegetatively by cuttings, air layering or gootee.

Planting season

Air layering is usually done during the rainy season and also in November-

December. Planting is usually done in spring (February-March) and July-August

in sub-tropical and tropical regions respectively.

Spacing

High density planting is adopted in temperate regions. A spacing of 5-6 m. in

northern India and also in the plains of Deccan plateau is usually followed. High

density planting with a spacing gives 2-2.5 times more yield than that obtained

when the normal planting distance of 5 X 5 m. is adopted. Farmers have

adopted a spacing of 2.5 X 4.5 m. Closer spacing increases disease and pest

incidence.

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is used. It also helps to increase the yield by 30-35%.

Training

Plants are trained on a single stem or in multi-stem system. Since the crops

trained on single stem training system are more susceptible to pests viz. stem

borer and shoot hole borer, the other system is more prevalent in the country.

Pruning

Pruning is not much required except for removal of ground suckers , water

shoots, cross branches , dead and diseased twigs and also to give shape to the

tree. A little thinning and pruning of old spurs is done to encourage growth of

new ones.

Inter-cropping

Inter-cropping with low growing vegetables, pulses or green manure crops is

beneficial. In arid regions, inter-cropping is possible only during the rainy

season, whereas winter vegetables are feasible in irrigated areas.

Regulation of bearing

Pomegranate plants flower and provide fruits throughout the year in central and

southern India. Depending on patterns of precipitation, flowering can be inducedduring June-July (mrig bahar), September-October (hasta bahar) and January-

February (ambe bahar). In areas having assured rainfall where precipitation is

normally received in June and continues upto September, flowering in June is

advantageous; where monsoon normally starts in August, flowering during

August is beneficial. Areas having assured irrigation potential during April-May,

flowering during January can be taken and where monsoon starts early and

withdraws by September induction of flowering in October is possible.

Considering comparable yields, prices and irrigation needs it is recommended

that October cropping could be substituted for January flowering.

Plant Protection Measures

Insect Pests

Insect pests mostly observed are fruit borer, mealy bugs, aphids, white fly and

fruit sucking moths. Spraying with dimethoate , deltamethrin or malathion etc.

depending upon the type of pest infestation has been found to be effective in

most cases.

Diseases

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The main diseases reported are leaf spot and fruit rot. Application of Mancozeb

(2g./l.) during rainy season in case of the former and application of Kavach

(2g./l) and Carbendazim/Thiophanate methyl/Baycor/Benomyl (1g./l.) during

September/October in case of the latter has been found to be effective in most

cases.

Disorders

Fruit cracking is a serious disorder. This physiological disorder observed in young

fruits is due to boron deficiency and that in fully grown fruits is mainly due to

moisture imbalances. Tolerant varieties viz. Bedana Bose and Khog may be

cultivated and in other cases spraying with calcium hydroxide soon after fruit set

has been found to be beneficial.

Harvesting and Yield

Pomegranate being a non-climacteric fruit should be picked when fully ripe.

Pomegranate plants take 4-5 years to come into bearing. Harvesting of

immature or over mature fruits affects the quality of the fruits. The fruits

become ready for picking 120-130 days after fruit set. The calyx at the distal

end of the fruit gets closed on maturity. At maturity, the fruits turn yellowish-red

and get suppressed on sides.

POST HARVEST MANAGEMENT

Grading

Fruits are graded on the basis of their weight, size and colour. The various

grades are super, king, queen and prince-sized. Besides that, pomegranates are

also graded into two grades- 12A and 12 B. Fruits of 12-A grade are generally

preferred in southern and northern region.

Storage

Fruits can be stored in cold storage upto 2 months or 10 weeks at a temperature

of 50 C. Longer storage should be at 100 C and 95% RH to avoid chilling injury

and weight loss.

Packing

The size of packages varies according to the grade of the fruits. Corrugated fibre

board boxes are mostly used. In a single box, 4-5 queen sized fruits, 12 prince

sized and some of 12-A and 12-B grades may be packed. The white colouredboxes having 5 plies are generally used for export purpose, whereas red-

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coloured ones having 3 plies are used for domestic markets. The red coloured

boxes are cheaper than white coloured ones. The cut pieces of waste paper are

generally used as cushioning material.

Salient features of Bhagawa-

1. It fetches better market price which is 2-3 times higher than

that of Ganesh.

2. Increasing demand for export markets particularly in United

Kingdom, Holland, other European and gulf countries etc.

3. Fruits are very attractive, Saffron coloured, smooth and

glossy peel which is increasing its cosmetic value and market

appearance of the fruits.

4. Fruits are with attractive sseds having cherry red coloured andbold arils, which are suitable for both table and processing

purposes.

5. Fruits are suitable for long distant transport due to thick peel

(Less weight loss, less possibility of damage due to bruises.)

6. Fruits have better keeping quality than other varieties ( 15

12 days at room temperatures).

7. Fruits are tolerant to thrips and mites whcih reduces the

number of pesticidal sprays, which minimises cost of

production.

8. Fruits are moderately susceptible to black spots.9. Fruits are free from blackening of arils even in case of late

harvesting of fruits up to 7-5 months, which reduces market

value of fruits.

10. It has no incidence of cracking of fruits which is observed in

other varieties viz. Ganesh, G-137 and Mridula which ranges

from 10-15%.

11. There is no fruit drop observed in case of severe water

shortage situations.

12. This variety gives high yield (30-40 kg/tree) in case of better

management .

13. It is comparatively late for harvesting but due to less

expenses on plant protection measures and better market

prices realized, it is more remunerative than any other

pomegranate cultivar.

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[Above information is based on recommendations from National Agriculture Research System. The

Effectiveness of the recommendations varies from place to place with changes in natural resource

and climate. Farmers are advised to use the information on their own responsibility. KVK Baramati

shall not be responsible for any consequences.]

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Light and TemperaturePomegranate trees usually grow in tropical areas. As a matter of fact, they particularly favor being

under the full blast of the sun. The warm sunlight is one of the big factors of the production of its fruitsand flowers. However, if they are planted in areas where sunlight is not that abundant or with only

partial sunlight, the production of theirfruitsandflowerswill be affected. The fruits and flowers will

likely be scarce and small. This is the very explanation why pomegranate trees are mostly appropriate

in places with hot summers.

On the other hand, being cooled once in while is also what these trees desire. That is why they are

also suitable even in cool winters time. These two particular seasons which are needed by the

pomegranate trees are essential for them to enter natural growth and dormancy periods. There are

also some species of these trees that can stand a temperature as low as ten (10) degrees. Their

barks are also sensitive to frost damage. So you must keep it in your mind that they should be

protected during extreme freezing temperatures.

Rich Soil with FertilizerPomegranate trees tend to be more apt on the types of soil that are a mixture of clay, sand, gravel,

silt, and organic matter. The best example for this is the deep loam soil. However, they can also bear

with the types of soil that can drain water more easily such as rocky and sandy soil. Fertilizers can

also make your pomegranate trees healthier although they can still live without having one. Putting

fertilizers is more like pampering your tree. And they will definitely be grateful for a layer of compost or

mulch. If you plan on putting fertilizers on your tree, make sure to spread them around the base of the

latter. You should also put it before spring comes. During this period, your tree is near to its full bloom.

Additionally, if you have just started planting, more probably your trees are still new like babies. In thiscase, they only need two (2) to four (4) ounces of ammonium sulfate. It is also highly advisable for

you to remove any nearby plants that might compete with it.

Other Minor ElementsWater is basically needed by every plant. In the case of pomegranate trees, they are more inclined to

semi- dry environment. During dry season, you can immerse them with water every two to four weeks.

Pruning is also needed by these trees. To train the tree to grow into a single trunk, whenever it

produces sprouts and sucker, you must remove them immediately. Dead and damage branches

should be eliminated during its dormant period which is in the late winter. And lastly, put on a copper

fungicide on your trees from late spring until summer. This is to prevent it from fungus infection.

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