anatomi sistem muskuloskeletal 2013-uki
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anatomiTRANSCRIPT
ALAT GERAK SISTEM MUSKULOSKELETAL
Sasanthy Kusumaningtyas
FKUI
Organisasi anatomi muskuloskeletal
Rangka
Tulang
Tulang
rawanSendi Ligam
en
Otot
• Posisi tubuh• Bidang dan arah• Istilah gerak
Source: Hamill Biomechanical Basis of Human Movement. 3rd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
ORIENTASI TUBUH
Source: Hamill Biomechanical Basis of Human Movement. 3rd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
ORIENTASI TUBUH
BIDANG DAN SUMBU TUBUH
ORIENTASI TUBUH
Source: Hamill Biomechanical Basis of Human Movement. 3rd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
KLASIFIKASI TULANG
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings.2012
RANGKA
• Aksial• Apendikular
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
RANGKA AKSIAL: TENGKORAK
NEUROCRANIUM
SPLANCHNOCRANIUM Calvaria
Basis craniiSource: www.visiblebody.com
RANGKA AKSIAL: TENGKORAK
Calvaria
Source: www.visiblebody.com
RANGKA AKSIAL: TENGKORAK
Basis cranii
Source: www.visiblebody.com
RANGKA AKSIAL: TENGKORAK
SPLANCHNOCRANIUMSource: www.visiblebody.com
RANGKA AKSIAL: TENGKORAK
Sinus paranasalisSinus maxillaris
Sinus frontalis
Sinus sphenoidales
Sinus ethmoidalesSource; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
Hyoid
Tidak bersendi tulang apapun
Dihubungkan dengan processus styloideus os temporal melalui ligamen
Source: www.anatronica.com
RANGKA AKSIAL: VERTEBRAESTRUKTUR UMUM
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
RANGKA AKSIAL: VERTEBRAE
RANGKA AKSIAL: VERTEBRAE
RANGKA AKSIAL: COLUMNA VERTEBRAE
• Lengkung normal vertebrae:– Lengkung primer:
• Kyphosis thoracalis• Kyphosis sacralis
– Lengkung sekunder:• Lordosis cervical• Lordosis lumbal
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
Cervical lordosis Lumbar lordosisSource: Van De Graaff. Human Anatomy. 6th ed. McGraw Hill.2001
RANGKA AKSIAL: COLUMNA VERTEBRAE
RANGKA AKSIAL: COLUMNA VERTEBRAE
Lig.longitudinale anterior
Lig.longitudinale anterior
Lig.flavum
Lig.interspinosus
Lig.supraspinosus
Discus intervertebralis
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
RANGKA AKSIAL: SACRUM DAN COCCYGIS
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
RANGKA AKSIAL: THORAX
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
RANGKA APENDIKULAR
TULANG-TULANG EKSTREMITAS GELANG BAHU GELANG
PANGGUL
• Humerus• Radius• Ulna• Carpales• Metacarpales• phalanges
• Femur• Tibia• Fibula• Tarsales• Metatarsales• Phalanges
• Clavicula• Scapula
• Coxae
Membrana interossea antebrachii
Regio:• Brachii• Antebrachii• Manus
Sendi:• Art. humeri• Art. cubiti• Art. radiocarpea
Sumber: Moore & Agur. Essential Clinical Anatomy. 3rd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2007.
RANGKA APENDIKULAR: EKSTREMITAS ATAS
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
RANGKA APENDIKULAR
TULANG-TULANG EKSTREMITAS GELANG BAHU GELANG
PANGGUL
• Humerus• Radius• Ulna• Carpales• Metacarpales• phalanges
• Femur• Tibia• Fibula• Tarsales• Metatarsales• Phalanges
• Clavicula• Scapula
• Coxae
GELANG PANGGUL
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
GELANG PANGGUL
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
Perbedaan panggul pria dan wanita
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
Membrana interossea cruris
Regio:• Femoris • Cruris • Pedis
Sendi:• Art. coxae• Art. genu• Art. talocrural
Sumber: Moore & Agur. Essential Clinical Anatomy. 3rd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2007.
TULANG EKSTREMITAS BAWAH
TULANG EKSTREMITAS BAWAH
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
TULANG EKSTREMITAS BAWAH
Sumber: Moore & Agur. Essential Clinical Anatomy. 3rd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2007.
Lengkung kaki
TULANG EKSTREMITAS BAWAH
• Diperkuat oleh bentuk tulang, ligamen dan otot disekitarnya.
Sumber: Moore & Agur. Essential Clinical Anatomy. 3rd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2007.
Lengkung kaki
Organisasi anatomi muskuloskeletal
Rangka
Tulang
Tulang
rawan
Sendi
Ligamen
Otot Kontrol saraf
SENDI (articulationes)
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
Klasifikasi: berdasarkan struktur dan fungsi
SENDI
Sendi fibrosa Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update.
Benjamin Cummings. 2012
SENDISendi kartilaginosa
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
SENDI
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012Sendi synovial
SENDI SYNOVIAL
• Sendi synovial mendapat suplai darah dan persarafan dari berbagai area disekitar sendi.
• Struktur khusus:– Meniscus (discus articularis):
• Art.temporomandibularis, art.genu,
– Bursae dan vagina tendinum:• Art.cubiti
SENDI SYNOVIALArticulatio humeri
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
SENDI SYNOVIALArticulatio humeri
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
Articulatio cubiti
Articulatio radiocarpal dan intercarpal
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
Articulatio coxae
Enarthrosis spheroidea
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th
ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
ARTICULATIO GENU
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
ARTICULATIO GENU
ARTICULATIO GENU
Source; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RTV5Yo3E7VQ
lig.collaterale lateral/ fibulare
lig.collaterale medial/ tibiale
lig.cruciatum anterior (ACL)
lig.cruciatum anterior (PCL)
PERGELANGAN KAKI
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6
th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
Art.talocruralis (tibiofibular & tibiotalar)
PERGELANGAN KAKI
SENDI SYNOVIAL BERDASARKAN TIPEDAN GERAKNYA
• TIPE SENDI SYNOVIAL:– Art. arthrodial (plane joint)– Art. ginglymus (hinge joint)– Art.trochoidea (pivot joint)– Art.condyloidea/art.ellipsoaidal/art.ovoidea
(condyloid joint)– Art.sellaris (saddle joint)– Art.spheroidalis/globoidea (ball and socket joint)
SENDI SYNOVIAL BERDASARKAN TIPEDAN GERAKNYA
• GERAK SENDI SYNOVIAL:– Nonaxial– Uniaxial– Multiaxial
• Gerak sendi selalu tegak lurus terhadap sumbu.
SENDI SYNOVIAL BERDASARKAN TIPE DAN GERAKNYA
(arthrodial)
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
SENDI SYNOVIAL BERDASARKAN TIPENYA
(ginglymus)
Uniaxial
(trochoid)
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
SENDI SYNOVIAL BERDASARKAN TIPENYA
Source; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NM80_gTlslU
SENDI SYNOVIAL BERDASARKAN TIPENYA
(ovoid, ellipsoidal)
(sellar)Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media
update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
Biaxial
Art.talocruralis (tibiotalar)
Art.subtalar (talocalcaneus)
Fungsi:StabilitasWeight bearing
Source: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0R4zRSE_-40
Art.talocruralis (tibiofibular & tibiotalar)
Biaxial
SENDI SYNOVIAL BERDASARKAN TIPENYA
Source: Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
(spheroidal, globoidea)
Multiaxial
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Cw9fxVdXwghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gQnMPHoDGEc
Organisasi anatomi muskuloskeletal
Rangka
Tulang
Tulang
rawanSendi Ligam
en
Otot
• Posisi tubuh• Bidang dan arah• Istilah gerak
OTOT RANGKA
Fungsi utama otot dalam gerakan:• Menghasilkan gerak• Memelihara postur dan posisi tubuh• Stabilisasi sendi
“ terdapat sekitar 600 otot pada tubuh manusia, hanya 70-80 pasang yang berfungsi sebegai penggerak utama”
OTOT RANGKA
• Penamaan otot berdasarkan: Lokasi : brachialis Bentuk : trapezius Ukuran: maximus, minimus, brevis, longus gluteus
maximus Arah serabut otot: rectus femoris, obliquus abdominis
internus Perlekatannya: brachioradialis Jumlah origo: biceps (2 heads), triceps (3 heads) Gerak: flexor, extensor, abductor, adductor
oM.extensor carpi radialis longus ;m.biceps brachii caput longum; m.biceps femoris caput longum
OTOT RANGKA• Otot menempati kompartemen tertentu:
o Pengelompokan berdasarkan gerak dan dipersarafi oleh saraf tepi yang sama. Contoh: kompartemen medial pada tungkai atas berisi otot-otot aduktor yang dipersarafi oleh n.obturatorius.
• Fungsi gerak:o Otot-otot ekspresi wajaho Otot-otot penggerak ekstremitas (fleksor, ekstensor, aduktor,
abduktor, rorator)o Otot-otot respirasio Otot-otot abdominal
insertion
origin
Source: Joseph Hamill. Biomechanical basis of human movement. 3Rd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2009.
PERLEKATAN OTOT RANGKA• Ujung otot melekat pada tulang secara langsung maupun melalui
perantara jaringan ikat.• Origo: perlekatan tulang dengan otot stabil• Insersio: perlekatan tulang dengan
otot atau perantaranya tidak stabil
OTOT-OTOT PUNGGUNG
Gerak bahu
Gerak scapula
OTOT-OTOT PUNGGUNG
Gerak columna vertebralis
OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK SENDI BAHU DAN SCAPULA
PENGGERAK SCAPULA:• Kelompok otot-otot punggung lapis superfisial
(m.trapezius, m.rhomboid, m.levator scapulae)• Kelompok otot-otot anterior thorax (m.serratus anterior,
m.pectoralis minor)• Kelompok otot-otot scapular (m.subscapularis,
m.supraspinatus, m.infraspinatus, m.teres minor)OTOT-OTOT ROTATOR CUFF (m.supraspinatus,
m.subscapularis, m.infraspinatus, m.teres minor) fiksasi sendi bahu bagian posterior
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK SENDI BAHU DAN SCAPULA
Gerak scapula
Gerak sendi bahu
OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK SENDI BAHU DAN SCAPULA
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK SENDI BAHU DAN SCAPULA
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
Gerak sendi bahu
Gerak scapula
Latissimus dorsi
Deltoid
OTOT EKSTREMITAS ATAS
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
OTOT EKSTREMITAS
ATAS
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK SENDI SIKU
• Art.humeroulnaris: – Kompartemen anterior lengan atas: kelompok otot-
otot fleksor– Otot-otot kompartemen posterior lengan atas:
kelompok otot-otot ekstensor• Art.radioulnaris:
– Otot-otot pronator: m.pronator quadratus, m.pronator teres,
– Otot – otot supinator: m.supinator, m.biceps brachii
OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK SENDI SIKU
OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK PERGELANGAN TANGAN DAN JARI-JARI
• Kompartemen anterior: kelompok otot-otot fleksor.
• Kompartemen posterior: kelompok otot-otot ekstensor.
OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK PERGELANGAN TANGAN DAN JARI: aspek anterior
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK PERGELANGAN TANGAN DAN JARI: aspek posterior
OTOT-OTOT TELAPAK TANGAN
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
OTOT-OTOT TELAPAK TANGAN
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
Otot-otot aduktor Otot-otot abduktor
Sumber: Moore & Agur. Essential Clinical Anatomy. 3rd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2007.
Carpal tunnel
OTOT-OTOT EKSTREMITAS BAWAH
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update.
Benjamin Cummings. 2012
OTOT-OTOT EKSTREMITAS BAWAH
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
Triceps coxae:• M.gemelus superior• M.obturator internus• M.gemelus inferior
OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK SENDI PANGGUL
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK SENDI PANGGUL
Otot fleksor
Otot-otot
aduktor
Otot abduktor
OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK SENDI PANGGUL
Otot-otot aduktor
hamstrings muscles
semimembranosus
semitendinosus
biceps femoris
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK SENDI LUTUT
OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK SENDI LUTUT
Mm.quadriceps femoris
vastus lateralis vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
Rectus femoris
Source: Dynamic Human Anatomy 2.0
OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK PERGELANGAN KAKI DAN JARI: aspek anterior
Fibularis (peroneus) longus
Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Fibularis (peroneus) tertius
Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
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OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK PERGELANGAN KAKI DAN JARI: aspek lateral
Triceps surae muscles:• M.gastrocnemiu
s• M.soleus
gastrocnemiusplantaris
soleus
Fibularis (peroneus) longus
Fibularis (peroneus) brevis
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK PERGELANGAN KAKI DAN JARI: aspek posterior
flexor digitorum longus flexor
hallucis longus
flexor hallucis longus
flexor digitorum longus
Tibialis posterior
Fibularis (peroneus) brevis
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK PERGELANGAN KAKI DAN JARI: aspek posterior
OTOT-OTOT KAKI
Source: Dynamic Human Anatomy 2.0
OTOT-OTOT PLANTAR
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
OTOT-OTOT PLANTAR
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
OTOT-OTOT PLANTAR
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings.2012
Referensi• Dynamic Human Anatomy 2.0 (CD)• Hamill J, Knutzen KN. 2009. Biomechanical basis of human movement. 3rd
ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.• Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6th
ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012• Moore KL & Agur A.M.R. Essential Clinical Anatomy. 3rd ed. Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins. 2007.• Tortora, JG & Derricson BH.2009. Priciples of anatomy and physiology.• Van De Graaff. 2001. Human Anatomy. 6th ed. McGraw-Hill Company. • Www.studentconsult.com : Richard L Drake, Wayne Vogl, Adam W.M.
Mitchell. Gray’s anatomy for students. Elsevier. 2007.