anatomical language. anatomical position anatomical position – the subject stands erect facing the...

31
Anatomical Language

Upload: frederick-wilkerson

Post on 16-Dec-2015

227 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Anatomical Language. Anatomical Position Anatomical position – the subject stands erect facing the observer, with the head level and the eyes facing forward

Anatomical Language

Page 2: Anatomical Language. Anatomical Position Anatomical position – the subject stands erect facing the observer, with the head level and the eyes facing forward

Anatomical Position

• Anatomical position – the subject stands erect facing the observer, with the head level and the eyes facing forward. The feet are flat on the floor and directed forward, and the arms are at the sides with the palms turned forward.

Page 3: Anatomical Language. Anatomical Position Anatomical position – the subject stands erect facing the observer, with the head level and the eyes facing forward

Directional Terms

• Superior (cephalic/cranial)– Toward the head; upper part of structure

• Inferior (caudal) – Away from the head; lower part of structure

Page 4: Anatomical Language. Anatomical Position Anatomical position – the subject stands erect facing the observer, with the head level and the eyes facing forward

Directional Terms

• Anterior (ventral) – Nearer to or at the front of the body

• Posterior (dorsal) – Nearer to or at the back of the body

Page 5: Anatomical Language. Anatomical Position Anatomical position – the subject stands erect facing the observer, with the head level and the eyes facing forward

Directional Terms

• Medial – Nearer to the midline or midsagittal plane

• Lateral – Farther from the midline or midsagittal plane

Page 6: Anatomical Language. Anatomical Position Anatomical position – the subject stands erect facing the observer, with the head level and the eyes facing forward

Directional Terms

• Proximal – Nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk; nearer to the point of origin

• Distal – Farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk; farther from the point of origin

Page 7: Anatomical Language. Anatomical Position Anatomical position – the subject stands erect facing the observer, with the head level and the eyes facing forward

Planes and SectionsSagittal Plane – Vertical plane that divides the

body or organ into right and left sides. Midsagittal plane – equal right and left halves Parasagittal plane – unequal right and left halves

Page 8: Anatomical Language. Anatomical Position Anatomical position – the subject stands erect facing the observer, with the head level and the eyes facing forward

Frontal Plane (coronal) – divides the body or an organ into anterior and posterior portions.

Page 9: Anatomical Language. Anatomical Position Anatomical position – the subject stands erect facing the observer, with the head level and the eyes facing forward

Transverse Plane – divides the body or organ into superior and inferior portions.

Page 10: Anatomical Language. Anatomical Position Anatomical position – the subject stands erect facing the observer, with the head level and the eyes facing forward

Planes and Sections

Page 11: Anatomical Language. Anatomical Position Anatomical position – the subject stands erect facing the observer, with the head level and the eyes facing forward

Body Cavities

Spaces within the body that contain, protect, separate, and support internal organs are called Body Cavities. The two principal cavities are the dorsal and ventral body cavities.

Page 12: Anatomical Language. Anatomical Position Anatomical position – the subject stands erect facing the observer, with the head level and the eyes facing forward

Dorsal CavityThe dorsal body cavity is located near the dorsal surface of the body.

Cranial cavity: formed by cranial bones and contains brain and its coverings.

Vertebral cavity: formed by vertebral column and contains spinal cord and the beginnings of spinal nerves.

Page 13: Anatomical Language. Anatomical Position Anatomical position – the subject stands erect facing the observer, with the head level and the eyes facing forward
Page 14: Anatomical Language. Anatomical Position Anatomical position – the subject stands erect facing the observer, with the head level and the eyes facing forward

Ventral CavityThe ventral body cavity is located on the ventral aspect of the body and contains organs collectively called viscera. Contains two main subdivisions:

Thoracic (upper) – contains lungs and heartAbdominopelvic (lower) – contains stomach, liver, intestines, pancreas, kidneys, reproductive organs, etc.

Page 15: Anatomical Language. Anatomical Position Anatomical position – the subject stands erect facing the observer, with the head level and the eyes facing forward

Thoracic cavityThoracic – chest cavity; separated from the abdominal cavity by diaphragm• Pleural (right and left) – each

contains small amount of fluid and one lung• Pericardial – fluid filled space the

surrounds heart• Mediastinum – medial to the

lungs; extends from the sternum to the vertebral column and from the neck to the diaphragm; contains heart, esophagus, trachea, and several large blood vessels.

Page 16: Anatomical Language. Anatomical Position Anatomical position – the subject stands erect facing the observer, with the head level and the eyes facing forward
Page 17: Anatomical Language. Anatomical Position Anatomical position – the subject stands erect facing the observer, with the head level and the eyes facing forward

Abdominopelvic CavityThe abdominopelvic cavity is

also divided into two regions, although no wall separates them:• Abdominal cavity (upper):

contains the stomach, spleen, gall bladder, liver, small intestine, and most of the large intestine

• Pelvic cavity (lower): contains the urinary bladder, portions of the large intestine, and internal reproductive organs.

Page 18: Anatomical Language. Anatomical Position Anatomical position – the subject stands erect facing the observer, with the head level and the eyes facing forward

Abdominal QuadrantsThe quadrant designation is used to locate the

site of pain, a mass, or some other abnormality.

Page 19: Anatomical Language. Anatomical Position Anatomical position – the subject stands erect facing the observer, with the head level and the eyes facing forward

Directional Practice

Page 20: Anatomical Language. Anatomical Position Anatomical position – the subject stands erect facing the observer, with the head level and the eyes facing forward

• The wrist is ____________ to the hand.

Page 21: Anatomical Language. Anatomical Position Anatomical position – the subject stands erect facing the observer, with the head level and the eyes facing forward

• The sternum is ___________ to the spine.

Page 22: Anatomical Language. Anatomical Position Anatomical position – the subject stands erect facing the observer, with the head level and the eyes facing forward

• The brain is _______________ to the spinal cord.

Page 23: Anatomical Language. Anatomical Position Anatomical position – the subject stands erect facing the observer, with the head level and the eyes facing forward

• The lungs are ______________ to the stomach.

Page 24: Anatomical Language. Anatomical Position Anatomical position – the subject stands erect facing the observer, with the head level and the eyes facing forward

• The thumb is _____________ to the fingers.

(remember anatomical position)

Page 25: Anatomical Language. Anatomical Position Anatomical position – the subject stands erect facing the observer, with the head level and the eyes facing forward

• The navel is ______________ to the sternum.

Page 26: Anatomical Language. Anatomical Position Anatomical position – the subject stands erect facing the observer, with the head level and the eyes facing forward

• The nose is ____________ to the mouth.

Page 27: Anatomical Language. Anatomical Position Anatomical position – the subject stands erect facing the observer, with the head level and the eyes facing forward

• The heart is ____________ to the sternum.

Page 28: Anatomical Language. Anatomical Position Anatomical position – the subject stands erect facing the observer, with the head level and the eyes facing forward

• The arms are ______________ to the chest.

Page 29: Anatomical Language. Anatomical Position Anatomical position – the subject stands erect facing the observer, with the head level and the eyes facing forward

• The elbow is ___________ to the wrist.

Page 30: Anatomical Language. Anatomical Position Anatomical position – the subject stands erect facing the observer, with the head level and the eyes facing forward

• The skin is ________________ to the skeleton.

Page 31: Anatomical Language. Anatomical Position Anatomical position – the subject stands erect facing the observer, with the head level and the eyes facing forward

• The lungs are _____________ to the rib cage.