anatomy and physiology of periodontuim
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Anatomy and physiology of periodontuimTRANSCRIPT
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Periodontal Tissues
Tissues that surroundthe teeth
Tissues that support the teeth
GINGIVAPERIODONTAL LIGAMENTCEMENTUMALVEOLAR BONE
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GINGIVA
Is the part of the oral mucosa that covers the alveolar processes of the jaws and surrounds the necks of the teeth.
Gingiva begins at the mucogingival lineand ends at the cervix of each tooth.
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G INGIVA
Marginal
Interdental Attached
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Marginal, Unattached or Free Gingiva
It is the terminal edge or border of the gingivasurrounding the teeth and it is demarcated from the
attached gingiva by the free gingival groove.
It is the terminal edge or border of the gingivasurrounding the teeth and it is demarcated from the
attached gingiva by the free gingival groove.
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Gingival Sulcus
GingivalSulcus
(0.5- 3mm)Gingival
Fluid
JunctionalEpithelium
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Surrounds the necks of
each tooth. Have a key role to maintain
the periodontal health. It works as a pathway for
the diffusion of the products
from the metabolism of
bacteria.
Surrounds the necks of
each tooth. Have a key role to maintain
the periodontal health. It works as a pathway for
the diffusion of the products
from the metabolism of
bacteria.
Comes from the
gingival connective
tissue.
Helps to the
mechanical cleaning of
the sulcus.
Has antimicrobial
properties.
Comes from the
gingival connective
tissue.
Helps to the
mechanical cleaning of
the sulcus.
Has antimicrobial
properties.
Junctional Epithelium Gingival Fuid
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Attached Gingiva
It is a continuity to the marginal gingiva.Is firm, resilient and firmly bound to the underlying periosteum of alveolar bone
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Interdental Gingiva (Papilla)
It occupies the gingival embrasure.Can be pyramidal or has a “col” shape
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The gingiva consists of
Central core ofConnective Tissue
Stratified SquamousEpithelium
FibersGround SubstanceCells
Keratinized or Parakeratinized
Non-keratinized
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Gingival Fibres
Gingivodental Fibres
Circular
Transseptal
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To brace the marginal gingiva firmly against the tooth.
To provide the rigidity necessary to withstand the forces of mastication without being deflected away from the tooth surface.
To unite the free marginal gingiva with the cementum of the root and the adjacent attached gingiva.
FunctionsFunctions
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Correlation of Clinical and Microscopic Features
Size
CoralPink
The bulk of cellular and intercellular elements and their vascular supply
Colour
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Correlation of Clinical and Microscopic Features
ShapeConsistency
Firm and Resilient
Contour
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Peel orange appearance
(A. Gingiva and central
portion of I. Papilla) Smooth in the
borders
Texture
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Periodontal Ligament.Cementum.Alveolar Bone
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It is the connective tissue that surrounds the root and connects it to the bone.
Periodontal Ligament
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Transseptal Alveolar Crest Horizontal Oblique Apical Interradicular
Periodontal FibersPeriodontal Fibers
They are the most important component of the P. Ligamentand are arranged in 6 groups:
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1. Connective tissue cells: Fibroblasts, cementoblasts and osteoblasts.
2. Epithelial rest cells (Malassez): Close to the cementum, more numerous at the apical area.
3. Immune system cells: Neutrophils, lymphocytes, macrophages, etc.
4. Cells associated with neurovascular elements
Cellular ElementsCellular Elements
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Physical: Attachment of the teeth to the bone,
transmission of the occlusal forces and resistance to the impact of these forces and maintenance of the gingival tissue in their proper relationship to the teeth.
Functions of the Periodontal Ligament
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Formative and Remodelling: Cells of the P. Ligament participate in the
formation and resorption of cementum and bone.
Nutritional and Sensory: By the blood vessels and sensory nerve
fibers that transmit tactile, pressure and pain sensetions.
Functions of the Periodontal Ligament
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CEMENTUM
Acellular Cellular
Calcified tissue that forms the outer surface of the anatomic root
It is the first to be formed, before the tooth reaches the occlusal plane.Covers the cervical third or half of the root.It doesn't contain cells.
Formed after the tooth reaches the occlusal plane.More irregular and contains cells (cementocytes).Less calcified than the a cellular type.
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Alveolar Bone
Alveolar bone proper
External plate of cortical bone
Cancellous Trabeculae
It is the portion of the jaws that formsand supports the tooth sockets.It’s formed when the tooth erupts to provides the osseous attachment to the tooth and disappears gradually after the tooth is lost.
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Radiographic Features
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TASK
Write about: Fenestration.Dehiscence.Gingival Col.
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Bibliography
Carranza´s. Clinical Periodontology. 9th ed. 2003. pg:15-55.
Gururaja R. Textbook of Periodontology.
2nd ed. pg: 6. Klaus H. Color Atlas of Dental Medicine.
Periodontology. Vol 1. 1989. pg: 1- 10.