Anatomy Concepts

Jeff Ericksen, MD

Assistant Professor, Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation

Objectives• Outline basic

reference concepts in anatomy

• Review nomenclature & terminology

• Outline relationships of body regions

• Introduce function terms, human biomechanics terms

Human Anatomy: Many Levels to View

• Cellular• Organ• Organ

system• Region• Whole

body

Anatomy Levels

• Cellular• Organ• Organ

system• Regional• Whole

body

Anatomy Levels

• Cellular• Organ• Organ

system• Regional• Whole

body

Anatomy Levels

• Cellular• Organ• Organ

system• Regional• Whole

body

Anatomy Levels

• Cellular• Organ• Organ

system• Regional• Whole

body

The Human Body’s Jobs

• Reproduction• Defense barrier

– Skin & microbes– Bone, muscle and soft organs

• Input/output– Oxygen & fuel consumption, hydration– Waste elimination

The Human Body’s Jobs

• Movement & biomechanics– Muscles, connective

tissues, skeleton, skin

• Art form?

Anatomic Position: Standard Reference

• Enables same perspective to view body in 3 dimensions

Anatomy Standards

• Planes of reference

• Positional relationships

• Movement definitions– Joint movements, limb movements, whole body

movements

Sagittal planes

Coronal plane relationships

Abduction Adduction

Circumduction

Dorsiflexion Plantarflexion

Inversion (supination) Eversion (pronation)

Abduction Adduction Extension

Flexion

Body Regions To Study

• Head & neck

• Torso

• Upper limb

• Pelvis

• Lower limb

Structural Concepts

• Biologic design consists of balance between tension and compression structural elements in viruses, cells, organs and whole animals.– Tensegrity = tension integrity– Buckminster Fuller & geodesic domes.

Musculoskeletal System

• Tensile elements = muscles, ligaments, tendons, joint capsules, menisci, and fascia.

• Compression elements = bones.

Tensegrity Allows Torque Reduction