anatomy of blood vessels sohp soton

8/9/2019 Anatomy of Blood Vessels Sohp Soton

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Anatomy of BloodAnatomy of Blood

VesselsVesselsPhysiotherapy and OccupationalPhysiotherapy and Occupational

TherapyTherapyDr Sil WallachDr Sil Wallach


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ObjectivesObjectives

This lecture should enable you toThis lecture should enable you to

Describe the basic structure of arteries,Describe the basic structure of arteries,

veins and capillariesveins and capillariesDescribe the 3 types of circulationDescribe the 3 types of circulation

Describe the major arteries and veins ofDescribe the major arteries and veins of

the bodythe body Know the main pulse pointsKnow the main pulse points

Describe the lymph systemDescribe the lymph system


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Structure of Blood VesselsStructure of Blood Vessels

Tunica Intima

Endothelium: smooth lining

Tunica Media

Smooth muscle

Fibroelastic connective tissue

Tunica Adventitia

Connective tissue: protective, anchoring

Vasa vasorum: blood supply for vessel

3 layers

(tunics)


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Arteries (1)Arteries (1)

Carry blood away from heartCarry blood away from heart

Thick layer of smooth muscle (tunica media)Thick layer of smooth muscle (tunica media)

Small lumenSmall lumen

Tunica

adventitia

Tunica

intima

Tunicamedia


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Arteries (2)Arteries (2)


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Types of arteryTypes of artery

ElasticElastic e.g. aorta (distribution)e.g. aorta (distribution)Tunica media contains elastin fibresTunica media contains elastin fibres expansion & recoilexpansion & recoil

MuscularMusculare.g. femoral (resistance)e.g. femoral (resistance)Tunica media contains much smooth muscleTunica media contains much smooth muscle

ArteriolesArterioles (resistance)(resistance)Diameter < 100m, TM contains much smooth muscleDiameter < 100m, TM contains much smooth muscle


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AtherosclerosisAtherosclerosis

Initial damage to endothelial cells thought to cause

accumulation of LDLs, inflammatory cells and

smooth muscle plaques.

Atherosclerotic

plaque


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Aortic aneurysmAortic aneurysm


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Veins (1)Veins (1)

BigBig reservoirreservoir hold 64% blood in bodyhold 64% blood in body Collect blood and return to heart. Large lumenCollect blood and return to heart. Large lumen

Thinner wallsThinner walls blood at lower pressureblood at lower pressure

ValvesValves prevent backflow of bloodprevent backflow of blood

Tunica

adventitia

Tunica

intima

Tunica

media


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Veins (2)Veins (2)


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Varicose veinsVaricose veins

Due to incompetentDue to incompetent

valvesvalves

Blood flowsBlood flows

backwards, from deepbackwards, from deep

to superficial veinsto superficial veins

Vein wall distendedVein wall distended


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Capillaries (1)Capillaries (1)

Exchange of OExchange of O22,,

nutrients, wastenutrients, waste

Need to beNeed to be thinthin

FlattenedFlattened endothelialendothelialcells on basementcells on basement

membranemembrane


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Capillaries (2)Capillaries (2)


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Types of capillaryTypes of capillary

Continuous e.g. skinContinuous e.g. skin

Fenestrated allowFenestrated allow

extensive exchangeextensive exchangewith blood e.g. gut,with blood e.g. gut,kidneyskidneys

SinusoidalSinusoidal littlelittlebarrier to exchangebarrier to exchangee.g livere.g liver


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TYPES OF CIRCULATIONTYPES OF CIRCULATION

Systemic:Systemic: aroundaroundbody via arteries,body via arteries,capillaries and veinscapillaries and veins

Pulmonary:Pulmonary: lungslungs

Hepatic portal:Hepatic portal: bloodblood

from capillaries in GIfrom capillaries in GItract passes directlytract passes directlyto capillaries in liverto capillaries in liver


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MAJOR ARTERIESMAJOR ARTERIES


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PULSE POINTSPULSE POINTS

Places where arteriesPlaces where arteries

are near the skinare near the skin

surfacesurface

Pressing the arteryPressing the artery

against underlyingagainst underlying

bone / firm structurebone / firm structure

allows elastic recoil ofallows elastic recoil of

the artery to be feltthe artery to be felt


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MAJOR VEINSMAJOR VEINS


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LYMPH VESSELSLYMPH VESSELS

Drain tissue fluid backDrain tissue fluid back

towards venoustowards venous

systemsystem

Majority drain intoMajority drain into

thoracic ductthoracic duct

Lymph nodesLymph nodes allowallow

fluid to be cleansedfluid to be cleansed


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SummarySummary

Structure and functionStructure and function

of arteries, veins andof arteries, veins and

capillariescapillaries

3 types of circulation:3 types of circulation:

SystemicSystemic

PulmonaryPulmonary

Hepatic portalHepatic portal

Major arteriesMajor arteries

Pulse pointsPulse points

Major veinsMajor veins

Lymph systemLymph system

anatomy of blood vessels sohp soton

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