anatomy of muscular system - lower extremity
TRANSCRIPT
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Muscular SystemLower Extremity
Reynaldo V. Lopez, M.D.Senior Lecturer, Department
of AnatomyAUF School of Medicine
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Muscles that Move the Femur at the Hip Joint
The ball-and-socket hip joint, with its 3 axes of rotation is capable of:
1. Flexion & extension2. Abduction & adduction3. Medial & lateral
rotation
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Muscles that Move the Femur at the Hip Joint
The flexors of the hip are the:
1. Psoas major2. Iliacus* these muscles
are considered together as the iliopsoas
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Muscles that Move the Femur at the Hip Joint
The extensors of the hip are the:
1. Gluteus maximus2. Hamstring
muscles• Semitendinosus• Semimembranosu
s• Biceps femoris
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Muscles that Move the Femur at the Hip Joint
The abductors/medial rotators of the hip are the:
1. Gluteus medius2. Gluteus
minimus3. Tensor fasciae
latae
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Muscles that Move the Femur at the Hip Joint
The adductors of the hip are the:
1. Adductor longus2. Adductor brevis3. Adductor magnus
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Muscles that Move the Femur at the Hip Joint
The lateral rotators of the hip are the:
1. Piriformis2. Obturator externus3. Obturator internus4. Superior and
inferior gemellus5. Quadratus femoris
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Muscles that Move the Femur at the Hip Joint
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Muscles that Move the Femur at the Hip Joint
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Muscles that Act at the Knee Joint
The knee is a hinge joint capable of flexion & extension, with a slight amount of medial & lateral rotation when not fully extended.
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Muscles that Act at the Knee Joint
The flexors of the knee are the:
1. Biceps femoris2. Semitendinosus3. Semimebranosus4. Sartorius5. Gracilis6. Popliteus
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Muscles that Act at the Knee Joint
The extensors of the knee are the:
1. Rectus femoris2. Vastus lateralis3. Vastus
intermedius4. Vastus medialis
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Muscles that Act at the Knee Joint
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Muscles that Act at the Knee Joint
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Muscles that Act at the Knee Joint
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Muscles of the Leg
Fascia lata of the leg surrounds muscles Tightly binds muscles Prevents swelling during exercise Aids venous return Divides leg into three compartments
Tendons are held in place by: Extensor, fibular, and flexor retinacula
Muscle movement at ankle and intertarsal joints
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Muscles that Move the Foot
The ankle joint is a hinge joint capable of plantarflexion & dorsiflexion.
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Muscles that Move the Foot
The plantarflexors of the ankle located at the posterior compartment are the:
1. Superficial muscles Triceps surae
Gastrocnemius Soleus
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Muscles that Move the Foot
The plantarflexors of the ankle located at the posterior compartment are the:
2. Deep muscles Popliteus Peroneus longus Peroneus brevis Tibialis posterior
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Muscles that Move the Foot
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Muscles that Move the Foot
The dorsiflexors of the ankle located at the anterior compartment are the:
1. Tibialis anterior2. Extensor digitorum
longus3. Extensor hallucis longus4. Peroneus tertius
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Muscles that Move the Foot
These muscles continue on to insert into the toes:
1. Extensor digitorum longus
2. Extensor hallucis longus
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Muscles that Move the Foot
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Muscles that Move the Foot
The movements of eversion of the foot (turning so the sole faces outward) & inversion (turning so the sole faces inward) use the subtalar axis.
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Muscles that Move the Foot
The invertors are the:1. Tibialis anterior ) tendons pass on the2. Tibialis posterior ) great-toe side
The evertors are the:1. Peroneus longus ) tendons pass on the 2. Peroneus brevis ) little-toe side of the 3. Peroneus tertius ) subtalar axis
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Muscles of the Lateral Compartment
Peroneus longus
Peroneus brevis
Peronius tertius
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Muscles of the Lateral Compartment
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Muscles of the Toes
There are 4 basic muscle layers of the foot. The first layer contains the:
1. Abductor hallucis (abducts the great toe)
2. Flexor digitorum brevis (flexes 2nd phalanges of the 4 small toes)
3. Abductor digiti minimi (abducts the small toe)
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Muscles of the Toes
The second layer contains the:
1. Quadratus plantae (flex the terminal phalanges of the 4 small toes)
2. Lumbricals (flex the proximal phalanges & extend the distal phalanges of the 4 small toes)
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Muscles of the Toes
The third layer contains the:
1. Flexor hallucis brevis (flexes the proximal phalanx of the great toes)
2. Adductor hallucis (adducts the great toe)
3. Flexor digiti minimi brevis (flexes the proximal phalanx of the little toe)
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Muscles of the Toes
The fourth layer contains the:
1. 4 Dorsal interossei (abduct 2nd, 3rd, & 4th toes & flex the proximal & extend the distal phalanges)
2. 3 Plantar interossei (adduct the 3rd, 4th & 5th toes)