Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

Renmin Hospital of Wuhan university Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Luo Ruoyu

External genitalia, Vulvamons pubis

labium majus

labium minus

clitoris

• The round ligament terminate at its anterior third;contain sebaceous glands,sweat glands and hair follicles

• Be richly supplied with venous plexus and vessels which may produce hematoma

• Contain numerous nerve endings

• Erection function

• Be richly supplied with nerves,which produce sexual excitement

vaginal vestibule

secretes mucus during sexual activity,becomes cysto or abscess when the duct is blocked

varying size and shape,the hymen is usually ruptured at the first sexual experience

congenital imperforate hymen

paraurethral gland,early be infected

• major vestibular gland

• hymen

• urethral orifice

External genitalia, Vulva

internal genitalia

vagina

uterus

fallopian tube, oviduct

ovary

uterine adnexa

internal genitalia

internal genitalia

internal genitalia

internal genitalia

vaginafunction

position and shape

structure

• sex

• the way of menstruation

• soft birth canal

• canal,shorter anterior and longer posterior,enough distensibility

• fornix are formed at the top of vagina due to the projection of the uterine cervix,the posterior one is the deepest, and often be used as drainage point

• mucous coat muscular layer fibrous coat

mucosa: squamous epithelium, having no glands

uterus

function• pregnancy

• form menstruation

• soft birth canal

Isthmus (1m)

position and shape situated in the pelvis between the bladder in front and the rectum

behind

inverted-pear-shaped ， 7cm long ， 5cm wide ， 3cm thick ， volume 5mL

parts ： fundus 、 body and cervix,its walls are about 1cm thick ,when pregnancy,the uterus becomes larger,even reach below the xiphoid process

Histological internal os

Anatomical internal os

uterus

fundus

cavity

body

isthmus

cervical canal

external os

vagina

vagina fornix

coronal section sagittal section

anatomical internal os

histological internal os

supravaginal portion

portion vaginalis

Different parts of uterus

structure

ligament

• endometrium ： functional layer and basal layer

• body ： 3 layers muscle fibres

• cervix ： fibrous connective tissues ＋ smooth muscle fibres

round ligament broad ligament cardinal ligament utero-sacral ligament

fallopian tube, oviduct function

fertilization place convey to zygote nutrition zygote

position and shape paired structions,measuring about 8~14cm long slender muscular tube,one opening communicating with

the lateral angle of the uterus,the lateral part is free

structure parts ： interstitial portion 、 isthmic

portion 、 ampulla 、 fimbria

ovary function reproduction ： germ cell maturation,storage and

release

endocrine ： steroidogenesis

position and shape oval in shape ， volume 4×3×1cm3

structures

germinal epithelium

medulla

cortex

ovary

preantral follicle

germinal epithelium

antral follicle

medulla

mature follicle

ovum

primordial follicles

vasa

corpus albicans

corpus luteum

histological structures of the ovary

vasa 、 lymphatics and nerves

vasa uterine arteries ： supply uterus and surrounding notice the relationship between ureter ovarian veins ： pelvic venous congestion syndrome

lymphatics

nerves

vulva ： motor nerve and sensory nerve

internal genitalia ： sympathetic nerve and

parasympathetic nerve

vasa 、 lymphatics and nerves

uterus

cervix

oviduct

ovarian vein

ovarian arteryureter

uterine artery

uterine vein

uterine arteriovenous and ovarian artery and vein

vasa 、 lymphatics and nerves

vasa 、 lymphatics and nerves

pelvis

• support trunk

• protect viscera

• bony birth canal

function

parts

• bones os sacrum promontory os coccyx os ilium os coxae(2) os ischium os publis• joints public symphysis

sacro-iliac joint

sacro-coccygeal joint

• ligament

sacrotuberous ligament

sacrospinous ligament

pelvis

pelvis

pelvis

pelvis

pelvis

pelvis boundariessuperior border of public symphysis － lliopublic

edge － superior border of

promontory ， divided the pelvis into

inlet true pelvis outlet cavity

• false pelvis (large pelvis) ： assess the pelvis preliminarily

• true pelvis (small pelvis) ： bony birth canal

types of pelvis

• gynecoid type transverse of inlet > anteroposterior intertuberal diameter > 10cm

• platypeloid type transverse < anteroposterior

• anthropoid type anteroposterior > transverse

• android type funnel-shaped ， angle of public arch <

900

pelvic floor

contain multiple layers of muscle and fascia

3 layers ：

perineum ： soft tissue between vaginal orifice and anus

• superficial layer ： superficial muscles and fascia

• middle layer ： superior and inferior fascia and muscles between them

• inner layer ： pelvic diaphragm ， levator ani muscle

near organs

urethra ： short but straight,about 4 ～ 5cm,easy be

infected

bladder ： may prolepses in old female,easy be hurt during

operation

ureter ： notice the relationship with uterine arteries

rectum ： may prolepses in old female

appendix ： distinguish with adnexal disease