anatomy physiology of female reproductive system
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Anatomy & Physiology Of Female Reproductive System
![Page 2: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Learning Objectives
Define the terms listed.Identify the female external
reproductive organs.Explain the structure of the bony
pelvis.Explain the functions and structures
of pelvic floor.
![Page 3: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Introduction
![Page 4: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
External Female Structures
Collectively, the external female reproductive organs are called the
Vulva.
![Page 5: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
External Female Structures
Mons Pubis.Labia Majora Labia Minora.Clitoris.Vestibule.Perineum
![Page 6: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Mons Pubis
Is rounded, soft fullness of subcutaneous fatty tissue, prominence over the symphysis pubis that forms the anterior border of the external reproductive organs.
It is covered with varying amounts of pubic hair.
![Page 7: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Labia Majora & Minora
The labia Majora are two rounded, fleshy folds of tissue that extended from the mons pubis to the perineum.
It is protect the labia minora, urinary meatus and vaginal introitus.
![Page 8: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Labia MinoraIt is located between the labia majora,
are narrow.The lateral and anterior aspects are
usually pigmented.The inner surfaces are similar to
vaginal mucosa, pink and mois.Their rich vascularity.
![Page 9: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Clitoris.
The term clitoris comes from a Greek word meaning key.
Erectile organ.It’s rich vascular, highly sensitive
to temperature, touch, and pressure sensation
![Page 10: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Vestibule.
Is oval-shaped area formed between the labia minora, clitoris, and fourchette.
Vestibule contains the external urethral meatus, vaginal introitus, and Bartholins glands.
![Page 11: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Perineum
Is the most posterior part of the external female reproductive organs.
It extends from fourchette anteriorly to the anus posteriorly.
And is composed of fibrous and muscular tissues that support pelvic structures.
![Page 12: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Internal Female Structures
VaginaUterusFallopian tubesOvaries
![Page 14: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Fallopian tubes
The two tubes extended from the cornu of the uterus to the ovary.
It runs in the upper free border of the broad ligament.
Length 8 to 14 cm average 10 cmIts divided into 4 parts.
![Page 16: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
1. Interstitial partWhich runs into uterine cavity,
passes through the myometrium between the fundus and body of the uterus. About 1-2cm in length.
![Page 18: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
2. Isthmus
Which is the narrow part of the tube adjacent to the uterus.
Straight and cord like , about 2 – 3 cm in length.
![Page 19: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
3. Ampulla
Which is the wider part about 5 cm in length.
Fertilization occurs in the ampulla.
![Page 20: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
4. Infundibulum
It is funnel or trumpet shaped.Fimbriae are fingerlike processes, one
of these is longer than the other and adherent to the ovary.
The fimbriae become swollen almost erectile at ovulation.
![Page 21: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Functions
Gamete transport (ovum pickup, ovum transport, sperm transport).
Final maturation of gamete post ovulate oocyte maturation, sperm capicitation.
![Page 22: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Fluid environment for early embryonic development.
Transport of fertilized and unfertilized ovum to the uterus.
![Page 23: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
OvariesOval solid structure, 1.5 cm in thickness,
2.5 cm in width and 3.5 cm in length respectively. Each weights about 4–8 gm.
Ovary is located on each side of the uterus, below and behind the uterine tubes
![Page 24: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Structure of the ovaries
CortexMedullaHilum
![Page 25: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Ovaries and Relationship to Uterine Tube and Uterus
Figure 28–14
![Page 26: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Function of the ovary
Secrete estrogen & progesterone.
Production of ova
![Page 27: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Uterus
The uterus is a hollow, pear shaped muscular organ.
The uterus measures about 7.5 X 5 X 2.5 cm and weight about 50 – 60 gm.
![Page 28: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Its normal position is anteverted (rotated forward and slightly antiflexed (flexed forward)
The uterus divided into three parts
![Page 29: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
1. Body of the uterus
The upper part is the corpus, or body of the uterus
The fundus is the part of the body or corpus above the area where the fallopian tubes enter the uterus.
Length about 5 cm.
![Page 30: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
2. IsthmusA narrower transition zone.Is between the corpus of the uterus
and cervix.During late pregnancy, the isthmus
elongates and is known as the lower uterine segment.
![Page 31: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
3 .Cervix
The lowermost position of the uterus “neck”.
The length of the cervix is about 2.5 t0 3 cm.
![Page 32: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
The os, is the opening in the cervix that runs between the uterus and vagina.
The upper part of the cervix is marked by internal os and the lower cervix is marked by the external os.
![Page 33: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Layers of the uterus
Perimetrium. Myometrium. Endometrium.
![Page 34: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
1. Perimetrium
Is the outer peritoneal layer of serous membrane that covers most of the uterus.
![Page 36: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Laterally, the perimetrium is continuous with the broad ligaments on either side of the uterus.
![Page 37: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
2. Myometrium
Is the middle layer of thick muscle.
Most of the muscle fibers are concentrated in the upper uterus, and their number diminishes progressively toward the cervix.
![Page 38: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
The myometrium contains three types of smooth muscle fiber
![Page 39: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Longitudinal fibers (outer layer)
Which are found mostly in the fundus and are designed to expel the fetus efficiently toward the pelvic outlet during birth.
![Page 40: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Middle layer figure-8 fibers
These fiber contract after birth to compress the blood vessels that pass between them to limit blood loss.
![Page 41: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Inner layer circular fibers
Which form constrictions where the fallopian tubes enter the uterus and surround the internal os
Circular fibers prevent reflux of menstrual blood and tissue into the fallopian tubes.
![Page 42: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Promote normal implantation of the fertilized ovum by controlling its entry into the uterus.
And retain the fetus until the appropriate time of birth.
![Page 43: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
3. EndometriumIs the inner layer of the uterus.It is responsive to the cyclic
variations of estrogen and progesterone during the female reproductive cycle every month.
![Page 44: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
The two or three layers of the endometrium are:
*Compact layer
*The basal layer
*The functional or Sponge layer this layer is shed during each menstrual period and after child birth in the lochia
![Page 45: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
The Function of the uterus
Menstruation ----the uterus sloughs off the endometrium.
Pregnancy ---the uterus support fetus and allows the fetus to grow.
![Page 46: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Labor and birth---the uterine muscles contract and the cervix dilates during labor to expel the fetus
![Page 47: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
VaginaIt is an elastic fibro-muscular tube
and membranous tissue about 8 to 10 cm long.
Lying between the bladder anteriorly and the rectum posteriorly.
![Page 48: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
The vagina connects the uterus above with the vestibule below.
The upper end is blind and called the vaginal vault.
![Page 49: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
The vaginal lining has multiple folds, or rugae and muscle layer. These folds allow the vagina to stretch considerably during childbirth.
![Page 50: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
The reaction of the vagina is acidic, the pH is 4.5 that protects the vagina against infection.
![Page 51: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Functions of the vagina
To allow discharge of the menstrual flow.
As the female organs of coitus.To allow passage of the fetus from
the uterus.
![Page 52: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Support structures
The bony pelvis support and protects the lower abdominal and internal reproductive organs.
![Page 53: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Muscle, Joints and ligaments provide added support for internal organs of the pelvis against the downward force of gravity and the increases in intra-abdominal pressure
![Page 54: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Bony Pelvis
Bony Pelvis Is Composed of 4 bones:
1. Two hip bones.
2. Sacrum.
3. Coccyx.
![Page 55: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
1. Two hip bones.
Each or hip bone is composed of three bones:
*Ilium *Ischium *Pubis
![Page 56: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
*Ilium
It is the flared out part.The greater part of its inner
aspect is smooth and concave, forming the iliac fossa.
The upper border of the ilium is called iliac crest
![Page 57: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
*IschiumIt is the thick lower part.It has a large prominence
known as the ischial tuberosity on which the body rests while sitting.
![Page 58: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Behind and little above the tuberosity is an inward projection the ischial spine.
![Page 59: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
2. Sacrum
Is a wedge shaped bone consisting of five vertebrae.
The anterior surface of the sacrum is concave
The upper border of the first sacral vertebra known as the sacral promontory
![Page 60: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
3 .Coccyx.
Consists of four vertebrae forming a
small triangular bone.
![Page 61: Anatomy physiology of female reproductive system](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062705/5564ed8ad8b42ad3488b56e5/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)